动名词和现在分词学案

1 动名词和现在分词

动名词

动名词 主动形式 被动形式

一般式

完成式

否定形式：

作用(成份)：______________，____________,_____________,_______________

Seeing is believing./ I like reading books./ This is a swimming pool.

一. 作主语、表语

动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。

Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry.

汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气。(主语)

Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)

二. 作定语

动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如:

a shopping basket购物篮

a swimming pool 游泳池

三. 作宾语

1. 只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词

避免错过少延期，avoid, miss, delay,

建议完成多练习， suggest / advise, finish, practice,

喜欢想象禁不住，enjoy, imagine, can’t help,

承认否认和嫉妒。 admit, deny, envy,

逃避冒险莫原谅， escape, risk, excuse,

保持忍受不介意， keep, stand / resist, mind,

2. 下列动词跟v-ing作宾语；但如果已有n. / pron.作宾语时，后则跟__________结构作宾语补足语，如：advise, allow, consider, forbid, permit, recommend等。

3. 下列动词可跟v-ing或to do结构，但意义上有区别：

(1) forget doing sth. forget to do sth.

(2) remember doing sth. remember to do sth I remember once________ here.

Please remember _______here on time.

(3) regret doing sth. regret to do sth.

I regret _______________him the truth.

I regret _________________ you that you are fired.

(4) stop/ go on doing sth. stop/ go on to do sth.

（5)mean doing sth. mean to do sth.

Nodding means ___________ “Yes”.

I didn’t mean _______________you.

（6)try doing sth. try to do sth.

Why not try doing it in another way? He tried to escape, but failed.

（7) can’t help doing sth

can’t help (to )do sth

Hearing the bad news , the girl couldn’t help __________________ .

4. “to”在下列词组中为________，故须跟_________:

be used to / be accustomed to__________________,

pay attention to, look forward to, lead to, contribute„to_______________,

devote„to, object to__________________,

get down to_____________, be equal to______________, turn to 等。

5. 物+ need, require, want（需要）/ deserve（值得）后面既可以跟____________又可以跟_________________________

Eg: The windows need to be cleaned .

The windows need cleaning .

6. It is no use / good, not any use / good, useless：+ doing

It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。

It is no use arguing with her over this matter .

7. 动名词的复合结构：(sb’s doing / 形容词性物主代词+doing/ 代词宾格+doing/

sb +doing)如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在动名词前加一个物主代词，或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。

Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？

Tom’s being late made his teacher very angry .

Thank you for your helping me .

做题关键：看是否需要用doing，看是否需要用被动（being done）

2 巩固练习：

1. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.

A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling

2. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.

A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked

C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked

3. People couldn’t help ______ the foolish girl.

A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing

4. Your hair wants ______. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

5. I don’t mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

6. --- What made Susan so angry? --- ______ in the rain for a long time.

A. Being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait

C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting

7. He always dreams of ______ a chance for him to bring into full play

his potential.

A. there being B. there to be C. there is D. being

8. I don’t think it any use ______ for the spilt milk.

A. to cry B. crying C. to be crying D. being crying

9. Tony was unhappy for ______ to the party.

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

10. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A. Exposed B. Having exposed

C. Being exposed D. After being exposed

现在分词

现在分词 主动形式 被动形式

一般式

完成式

否定形式：

一. 作用(成分)： V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时，它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如：

1. 作定语

现在分词作定语时表示该动作与被修饰词是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动或动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如:

①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：

a ____________ car 一辆等待着的车 a ____________ child一个酣睡的孩子

②V-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：

Who is the comrade __________________________? 站在门边的同志是谁？

现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。____________ room 阅览室 ____________ pool 游泳池

2.

作表语 动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。

①V-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如：

Their job is___________________ 他们的工作是盖房子。