EthernetMODEL 17011KEY FEATURESHigh precision output and measurement up to 0.015% of full scaleFast current response up to <100 µS High sampling rate up to 10 mS Flexible sampling recording ( t, V , I, Q, E)Channel parallel output function with maximum 1200A outputHigh efficiency charge and discharge with low heatingEnergy recycling during discharge (AC/DC bi-directional regenerative series) Waveform simulation function (current/power mode) Built-in DCIR test functionBuilt-in EDLC capacitance and DCR test functionOperating modes: CC / CP / CV / CR / CC-CV / CP-CV / Rest / SD test Multi-level safety protection mechanism Integrable data logger and chamberAPPLICATIONSElectric vehicle Electric scooter/bike Energy storage system Power toolsQuality inspection agency The Chroma 17011 Battery Cell Charge and D ischarge Test System is a high precision system designed specifically for testing lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells, electrical double layer capacitors (ED LC), and lithium-ion capacitors (LIC). It is suitable for product development, quality control, and is helpful program editing and test results analysis much easier.The Chroma 17011 test system has flexible software editing functions embedded that can create basic charging/discharging or complex cycle tests for each channel to run BATTERY CELL CHARGE & DISCHARGETEST SYSTEM MODEL 17011P r o vided b vided by y : com (800)40404-A -ATE TEC CAd Advanced vanced T Test estE quipment Rentals®High precision – improving product qualityVoltage / current measurement accuracy: 0.015 of F.S. / 0.02 of F.S.Wide range of voltage output: Equipped with a 0V to 6V output range, and specific models allow to switch between three built-in voltage output modes. Voltage measurements distinguished up to 0.1mV.Multiple range measurement design: Providing various current or voltage ranges (depending on the model) to greatly improve measurement accuracy and resolution. The current range switches automatically and at the constant voltage mode there is no current output interruption.Fast current response – suitable for a variety of high-speed transient test applicationsCurrent response time (10% to 90%) < 100 µS *1Support dynamic waveform to simulate the rapid changing current and power states*1: The current response time <100 µS applies to model 17216M-10-6, the impedance of other UUTswill slightly differ.Rise Time<100 µS (17216M-10-6)Rise Time<250 µS (17208M-6-30)Model 17216M-10-6Model 17216M-6-12Model 17208M-6-30Model 17208M-6-60Multi-Voltage Range (17216M-10-6)Multi-Current RangeLoading waveform currentDynamic waveform simulation Dynamic waveform simulationCurrent and power dynamic charge/discharge waveform, simulate the actual battery usage of car driving or other real life applicationsImport the current and power waveforms from Excel fileSave 1,440,000 points in each channel for long hour dynamic testingMinimalize time interval for data output: 10 mS*1: 17216M-10-6 has three built-in voltage output modes that can be switched through the software settings.*2: 17208M-6-60 has to be paired with an external power supply and placed into a rack; other models contain an integrated power module and can beused either stand-alone or in a rack.Rise time < 5 mSEnergy recycling – optimal utilization of electricityDirect recycling: Automatically transfer the discharging energy to the battery cells to be charged with recycling efficiency >80% Grid recycling: Recycle the excessiveenergy to the grid with recyclingefficiency >60%Low carbon emissions for green energy,preventing waste heat from generatingduring dischargeSaving electricity costs with highefficiency power charge and dischargeSaving air conditioning costs on coolingequipmentCurrent harmonic distortion <5%for feedback to grid currentPower factor >0.98 at rated powerHigh precision – improving product qualityVoltage accuracy: (0.02% of Reading + 0.02% of F.S.)Current accuracy: 0.05% of F.S.Fast current response – waveform modeCurrent response speed (10% to 90%) < 5 mS applicablefor all kinds of testsSupport dynamic waveform to simulate the current and power stateof actual car driving with NEDC, FUDS and DST test standardsAC/DCChroma 17212M-6-100Chroma A691104Direct RegenerationAC/DC* A fitting AC/DC bi-directional converter is chosen according to the power input and placed into a rack.Flexible paralleling channels for outputT h e t e s t s y s t e m s a l l o w f l e x i b l e s e t t i n g f o for various UUTs.which supports full range of productsSuitable for high ratio charge and discharge test or diversified battery test applicationsData protection and recoveryPower loss data restoring mechanism: After a power loss, the PC will automatically recover the data status of the testingdata that already was written into the database. The user can choose to resume or restart testing.High frequency sampling measurement technology – improving measurement accuracyV / I sampling rate: 50 KHz (∆t 20 µS)Generally, battery testers use software to read current values for calculating power; however, limited data sampling rates could result in large errors when calculating the dynamic current capacity. By increasing the sampling rate and using a double integration method, Chroma 17011 is able to provide a capacity calculation with much higher accuracy. When the current changes, the data is not lost and the transmission speed is not affected.* Note: The current response time <100 µS applies to model 17216M-10-6, the impedance of other UUTs will slightly differ.General charger/discharger sampling rateChroma charge & discharge tester sampling rateHPPC TestHPPC test applicationHPPC is a test procedure developed by the USABC (U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium) for the battery power performance of hybrid and electric vehicles. Within the batteries operation voltage range, the procedure mainly establishes the function of the relationship between the depth of discharge and power and, secondarily, establishes the depth of discharge, conductive resistance and polarization resistance function via the voltage and current response curve from discharging, standing to charging. The measured resistance can be used to assess the battery's power recession during later life tests and its equivalent circuit model development. Chroma 17011 has a flexible editing program that allows HPPC testing.DCIR test (2)DCIR test (1)Lumped parameter model circuit diagram Battery capacity test applicationT h e c a p a c i t y c a n b e o b t a i n e d a s t h e i n t e g r a l o f t h e c u r re n t integrating the current versus time from the start of charging/discharging until the cut-off condition is reached. The comparison results are useful to analyze performance differences between products, and the common test items include current ratio and temperature characteristics tests. Higher accuracy of current, voltage measurement and faster sampling enable to distinguish more accurately the differences in battery cell capacity.Battery cycle life test applicationCycle life is one of the most important test items for batteries. In accordance with the experimental purpose, it tests the same battery through repeated charge and discharge conditions until the capacity falls to 80%, and calculates the cycle numbers. The cycle life test can be used to evaluate the battery performance or define the applicable conditions of use.Battery DCIR test applicationThe internal resistance value is related to the charge/discharge ratio of a battery. The larger the internal resistance value, the lower the efficiency when temperature rises. According to the lithium-ion battery equivalent circuit model, the ACIR measurement of traditional 1KHz LCR meters can only evaluate the conductive resistance (Ro) of the battery that affects the instantaneous power output, but is unable to evaluate the polarization resistance (Rp) produced during electrochemical reaction. The D CIR evaluation includes the ACIR that is closer to the actual polarization effect of battery under continuous power applications.The Chroma 17011 includes two types of D CIR test modes: DCIR test (1) calculates the DCIR value using the voltage difference caused by the change of one-step current, DCIR test (2) calculates the DCIR value using the voltage difference caused by the change of two-step current. Users can select the desired test mode and automatically, without any manual calculation, get the results that comply with IEC 61960 standards.CapacitydQ/dV vs voltageCoulombic efficiency test Incremental capacity analysis applicationThe high precision voltage measurement and V sampling function can draw dQ/dV versus voltage curve diagrams to analyze battery cell characteristics and capacity degradation.Coulombic efficiency test applicationCoulombic efficiency (CE) is calculated by the charge/discharge capacity ratio when the battery is fully charged and then fully discharged. Good batteries have higher coulombic efficiency, and need high precision and stable equipment to distinguish differences. An accurate coulombic efficiency test can estimate the batterylifespan with only a few cycles.EDLC capacitance (C) test applicationIn accordance with the Straight Line Approximation Method of the IEC 62391 testing standard, before measuring the capacitance (C) value, the ED LC first needs to be fully charged through a CC-CV charging mode. The capacity test is to discharge CC via the above discharge current. Then, the electric potential difference ( V) of two reference points on the discharge curve are taken against the time difference ( t) and the discharge current (I) to calculate the capacitance value of the EDLC.EDLC combined DCR and C test applicationChroma 17011 also has a direct current resistance (D CR) and capacitance (C) combined test application. Under the same CC-CV charged and CC discharged conditions, the user can use the electric potential in the chosen reference points to simultaneously calculate the DCR and C values of the EDLC to save testing time.The equivalent circuit model development of the classical EDLC includes an equivalent series resistance (ESR), a capacitance (C), and an equivalent parallel resistance (EPR). The ESR is used to evaluate the internal loss and heat of the EDLC during charging/discharging; the EPR to evaluate the leakage effect in the EDLC's long-term storage; the C to evaluate the EDLC cycle life.These parameters are not easily directly measured in a laboratory; researchers need data analysis and complex calculations to determine these important indicators. Chroma 17011 is equipped with the IEC 62391 testing standards and the user can use charge/discharge tests to obtain the ED LC parameters values, in order to evaluate the EDLC characteristics and cycle life.ED LC direct current resistance (D CR) and equivalent series resistance (ESR) test applicationChroma 17011 offers ED LC direct current resistance testing function compliant with test standard IEC 62391. Before testing, the ED LC has to be CV charged. The capacity test is to discharge CC via the above discharge current. When the discharge is completed, get the linear section on the discharge curve and extend it to discharge time and then get the voltage difference of rated voltage and discharge current to calculate the DCR value.EDLC equivalent circuit model developmentVoltage Characteristic Between EDLC TerminalsVoltage Characteristic Between EDLC TerminalsVoltage Characteristic Between EDLC TerminalsCharge/discharge performance and cycle life test applicationThe built-in direct current resistance (D CR) and capacitance (C) test modes can be combined with cycle function and variable set testing conditions to test the EDLC load endurance and reliability. After testing, the user can directly export DCR vs Cycle No. and Capacity vs Cycle No. reports to analyze the EDLC failure and deterioration mechanisms.Self-discharge test modeCoulombic efficiency testAutomatically change current range in CC-CV modeCharge-Discharge Rate Test Charge-Discharge Cycle TestingCoulombic efficiency test applicationChroma 17011 is equipped with low noise, automatically switching current range, and cut-off report as to quickly output accurate c u r re n t c h a rg e /d i s c h a rg e. T h e c o u l o m b i c e ff i c i e n c y (C E ) i s calculated by the charge/discharge capacity ratio, which indicates the ED LC internal capacity conversion as available capacity. A highly accurate CE is an important marker to distinguish differences between products.Leakage current test applicationED LC leakage current measurements generally need to CC-CV charging until a specific time and then it measures this tiny charging current, which is seen as leakage current. The Chroma 17011 CC-CV mode can automatically change current range without output interruption. Under stable voltage, the current range can be as small as 200µA.Current (A)Self-discharge test applicationChroma 17011 also has a built-in self-discharge test mode, when the ED LC is fully charged it can test the charge/discharge for a set time period. When this mode starts, the system will cut off the measuring circuit to provide the ideal open circuit and solely measure the starting potential (V1) and cut-off potential (V2). The software can automatically calculate the electric potential difference ( V).CE=Q Discharge / Q ChargeThe Chroma 17011 test systems are controlled by computer software with diverse functions for testing energy storage products. The safe, stable and friendly operation interface allows users to perform setting and testing rapidly.Support English, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified Chinese languages interfaces Real time multi-channel DUT status monitoringSecurity management: set user authority for safe managementFailure record tracking: independently record abnormalities for each channel, the charge and discharge protection will abort the testwhen an abnormal condition is detectedRecipe editing500 steps per recipeDouble loop (Cycle & Loop) with 999,999 repeat counts per loop Sub-recipe function: Call existing recipesTest steps : CC / CV / CP / CC-CV / CP-CV / CR / Rest / Waveform / DCIR / C / DCR, etc. Cut-off conditions : Time / Current / Capacity / Power / Variable, etc. Logical operations : Next / End / Jump / If-Then Recipe executingOperating modes: Start / Stop / Pause / Resume / Jump / Reserve Pause / Modify during test Display interfaces: Graphic display / Table display Instant monitoring windowStatistics reportAble to define report formats and export them as PDF, CSV, and XLS filesGraphical report analysis functions allow custom reports such as cycle life reports, Q-V reports, V / I / T time reports, etc.Real time monitoring Charge/Discharge test program editor Test diagram Test reportBattery Pro main panelWaveform current editorIntegrate with an environmental chamber through software to synchronize the settings conditions for charge/discharge testingIntegrate with a multifunctional data logger through software to read and set multiple temperature records during thecharge/discharge process. Change these conditions to protection or cut-off conditions17011 SystemData LoggerLinear circuit modelsThe tester can be used stand-alone to take up little space, which fits a handful of tests performed on the desktop. When the tester is configured with more test channels, it can be integrated into a standard 19-inch rack for use. The system can be configured as demanded by the user as the channel numbers are expandable, and up to 64 channels can be controlled by one PC at the same time.60A 36U rackModel 17208M-6-306A/12A/30A 36U rackModel 17216M-10-625U rackRegenerative modelsA charge/discharge tester and an AC/D C bi-direction converter can be integrated into a standard 19-inch rack for use. The system can be configured as demanded by the user as the channel numbers are expandable, and up to 48 channels can be controlled by one PC at the same time.Chroma 17011 system power consumption * Available space for data logger60A / 41U system100A / 41U systemORDERING INFORMATION17011 : Battery Cell Charge & Discharge Test System17216M-10-6 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 10V / 6A, 16CH 17216M-6-12 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 6V / 12A, 16CH 17208M-6-30 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 6V / 30A, 8CH 17208M-6-60 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 6V / 60A, 8CH 17212R-5-60 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 5V / 60A, 12CH 17212R-5-100 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 5V / 100A, 12CH 17212M-6-100 : Programmable Charge/Discharge Tester, 6V / 100A, 12CH A691103 : DC/AC Bi-direction Converter, AC 220V to DC 45V A691104 : DC/AC Bi-direction Converter, AC 380V to DC 45V* All specifications are subject to change without notice.* Continued on next pageNote*1: The maximum discharge current will derate at low voltage 17011-E-201908-PDFJAPANCHROMA JAPAN CORP .888 Nippa-cho, Kouhoku-ku,Yokohama-shi,Kanagawa,223-0057 Japan T +81-45-542-1118F +81-45-542-1080www.chroma.co.jp**************.jp U.S.A.CHROMA ATE INC.(U.S.A.)7 Chrysler, Irvine,CA 92618T +1-949-421-0355F + *****************CHROMA SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS, INC.19772 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, CA 92610 T +1-949-600-6400F + *******************EUROPECHROMA ATE EUROPE B.V .Morsestraat 32, 6716 AH Ede,The Netherlands T +31-318-648282F + ******************CHROMA GERMANY GMBH Südtiroler Str. 9, 86165,Augsburg, Germany T +49-821-790967-0F + ******************CHINA CHROMA ELECTRONICS (SHENZHEN) CO., LTD.8F , No.4, Nanyou Tian An Industrial Estate,Shenzhen, China T +86-755-2664-4598F +86-755-2641-9620 ******************SOUTHEAST ASIA QUANTEL PTE LTD.(A company of Chroma Group)46 Lorong 17 Geylang # 05-02 Enterprise Industrial Building,Singapore 388568T +65-6745-3200F + ************************HEADQUARTERS CHROMA ATE INC.66 Huaya 1st Road,Guishan, Taoyuan 33383, TaiwanT +886-3-327-9999F + ******************KOREA CHROMA ATE KOREA BRANCH 3F Richtogether Center, 14,Pangyoyeok-ro 192,Bundang-gu,Seongnam-si,Gyeonggi-do13524, Korea T +82-31-781-1025F +82-31-8017-6614www.chromaate.co.kr ******************17011。
分布式风光储系统双向DC-DC变换器研究吕项羽;刘畅;王勇;李喆【摘要】文中提出了一种分布式风光储系统的架构,并重点研究系统中连接蓄电池和直流母线的双向DC-DC变换器.双向DC-DC变换器能够实现太阳能阵列、风机、电网和蓄电池之间的能量交换、调节母线电压,是风光储系统的关键部分.本文采用高变比的双有源全桥变换器构成双向DC-DC变换器,它既能连接较低输出电压的蓄电池和高压直流母线,又能通过移相控制实现功率双向流动和软开关.本文研制了一台3 kW风光储系统样机,在不同工况下测试了双向双有源DC-DC变换器的功能.%This paper proposes a system topology structure of the distributed wind-photovoltaic-storage system and mainly researches on a bidirectional DC-DC converter which connects the battery and DC bus.The bidirectional DC-DC converter can implement the power exchange among solar panels,wind turbine,grid and the battery,and adjusts the busbar voltage,which is the key part of the whole system.We use high step up double active full bridge DC-DC converter as the bidirectional DC-DC converter.It can connect the low voltage battery and the high voltage DC bus,and furthermore,it can implement the bidirectional power flow andsoft switching by phase shifted control.A 3kW prototype is built up to test the bidirectional DC-DC converter under different working conditions.【期刊名称】《电测与仪表》【年(卷),期】2017(054)012【总页数】6页(P16-20,41)【关键词】风光储系统;双向DC-DC;移相控制;软开关【作者】吕项羽;刘畅;王勇;李喆【作者单位】国网吉林省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,长春 130021;国网吉林省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,长春 130021;上海交通大学电气工程系,上海200240;上海交通大学电气工程系,上海 200240【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM6150 引言风光互补系统受光照、风力条件影响较大，具有很大的功率波动性［1-3］。
LLC谐振型变换器的最优轨迹控制研究鲁静【摘要】针对轨迹控制在LLC谐振变换器应用过程中需时时检测谐振电流,谐振电压,输入电压和输出电压等物理量,在实际中很难实现的问题,本文采用一种简化的轨迹控制策略,在稳态时,应用PI补偿器来控制,当出现负载突变时,基于状态平面分析,仅需检测负载侧的电流就可实现对系统的有效控制,并取得了良好的动态性能.在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建了仿真模块,仿真结果表明了此优化方法的有效性和正确性.【期刊名称】《电子设计工程》【年(卷),期】2018(026)017【总页数】5页(P131-134,139)【关键词】LLC谐振变换器;简化的轨迹控制;PI控制器;状态平面分析【作者】鲁静【作者单位】西安铁路职业技术学院陕西西安710026【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN7随着电力电子器件性能的不断提高，高频化、大功率、模块化和智能化成为现代电力电子技术的发展方向，电力电子设备的高频化以其体积小、重量轻、功率密度大等优点，成为近年来的研究热点之一。
但随着开关频率的提高，随之而来的如开关损耗、严重的电磁干扰等问题凸显。
LLC谐振变换器以其功率密度高，电磁干扰可有效降低，负载全范围内实现软开关（ZVS）等优点得到了广泛的使用。
然而，由于谐振腔快速的动态特性，LLC变换器的暂态控制要比PWM变换器复杂得多，从文献[1-6]知，一般采用线性控制和非线性控制两类方法，鉴于LLC变换器的强非线性特点，又有学者提出了基于状态平面分析方法的非线性控制策略，即轨迹控制，轨迹控制方法即是根据控制命令计算出最佳的开关管导通和关断时刻以实现两个不同稳态轨迹之间的转换，从而保证了谐振变换器在工作状态改变时具有良好的动态性能，但此方法需时时检测谐振电流、谐振电压、输入电压和输出电压等物理量，增加了应用的复杂度。
因此本文采用简化的轨迹控制方法（Simplified optimal trajectory control），在稳态时，采用PI来对系统进行控制，当负载突变即从轻载变重载或从重载变轻载时，只需要检测输出端的负载电流就可实现对系统的有效控制。
基于RT-LAB的PET中间级直流变换器半实物仿真平台设计刘京斗;李小均;吴学智;荆龙;王旭亮【摘要】隔离型双向DC/DC变换器是电力电子变压器(PET)的重要组成部分,其性能好坏将显著影响整个PET的功能.大功率隔离型双向DC/DC变换器多采用模块化串并联的方式实现.设计过程中存在控制复杂、研发周期长、测试困难等问题.本文基于RT-LAB搭建了包含模块化隔离型双向DC/DC变换器实际物理装置的半实物仿真平台,利用RT-LAB的控制功能及在线参数调试等特点对系统进行优化设计.实现了输入串联输出并联型DC/DC变换器均压均流控制策略.结果表明:该半实物仿真平台是研究模块化DC/DC变换器系统的有效方法.%Isolated bi-directional DC/DC converter is an important part of power electronic transformers,its performance will significantly affect the function of the entire Power Electronic Transformers(PET).Modular series-parallel structure is an effect way to realize high-power isolated bi-directional DC/DC converter,while the challenge of control complexity,testability and long developing cycle exist.A hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform is proposed and implemented on RT-LAB,which includes the physical device of the modular isolated bi-directional DC/DC converter and its control part.The system is optimized with RT-LAB control and online tuning function.The input-series-output-parallel DC/DC converter voltage and current equalization control strategy is realized.The results show that the hardware simulation platform is an effective method in studying the modular DC/DC converter system.【期刊名称】《北京交通大学学报》【年(卷),期】2017(041)002【总页数】6页(P117-122)【关键词】隔离型双向DC/DC变换器;半实物仿真;电力电子变压器;输入串联输出并联【作者】刘京斗;李小均;吴学智;荆龙;王旭亮【作者单位】北京交通大学国家能源主动配电网技术研发中心,北京100044;北京交通大学国家能源主动配电网技术研发中心,北京100044;北京电动车辆协同创新中心,北京100044;北京交通大学国家能源主动配电网技术研发中心,北京100044;北京交通大学国家能源主动配电网技术研发中心,北京100044【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM46电力电子变压器(PET)具有电压变换、潮流控制和故障隔离等功能,是未来智能配电网的重要电气设备[1].PET通常具有三级结构,包括高压侧的模块化多电平变流器(Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC)、中间级隔离型双向DC/DC变换器和低压侧逆变器[2].由于PET的容量较大,中间级的DC/ DC变换器设计尤为关键,为降低难度,通常采用模块化串并联结构.目前,针对大容量模块化DC/DC变换器的研究大多处于电路拓扑、仿真验证和原理样机阶段,因此其控制算法并不成熟[3].由于隔离型双向DC/DC变换器拓扑结构复杂,开关器件多,通常采用数字信号处理器(DSP)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)进行控制,不仅编写程序耗费时间,而且无法实现在线参数调整.多个模块组成系统后,设计和调试的复杂性进一步提高,给控制系统的设计和验证带来很大的挑战.RT-LAB实时仿真系统具有计算精度高、实时性强和稳定性好等优点,已在国内外被广泛应用[4].文献[5]搭建了基于RT-LAB的3 MW风电变流器硬件在环仿真平台,结果表明:该平台所用控制算法对实际变流器同样适用.文献[6]利用RT-LAB半实物仿真平台验证了MMC的控制算法,结果表明:该平台是研究MMC的一种有效手段.文献[7]设计了基于RT-LAB的多端直流输电实验平台,实验结果表明:该系统能够实现多端系统的稳定运行.为缩短研发周期,本文作者设计了基于RTLAB实时仿真平台的模块化隔离型双向DC/DC变换器硬件在环仿真系统,以此来完成控制算法的开发.并在该半实物仿真平台上完成了两台DC/DC变换器输入串联输出并联(ISOP)的稳态和动态实验,结果表明:该平台可以为模块化DC/DC变换器研究开发提供有效途径.1.1 单台隔离型DC/DC变换器工作原理本文设计的半实物仿真平台所用模块化DC/ DC变换器主电路由4台双向隔离型DC/DC变换器组成,单台DC/DC变换器的电路拓扑如图1所示,包括一个半桥和两个H桥.在Buck模式下,通过控制H1桥上管的占空比调节输出电压,H2桥和H3桥都为50%占空比互补导通状态;在Boost模式下,H1桥的上管一直开通,下管一直关断,H2桥为50%占空比互补导通状态,H3桥通过桥臂间的移相实现升压.1.2 ISOP型DC/DC变换器控制策略在配电网应用场合下,由于输入电压高而输出电压低,故本文的DC/DC变换器采用ISOP结构[8],如图2(a)所示。
