高英2--修辞汇总
Lesson2
1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile
2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵
3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile
4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile
5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing
a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence
6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole
7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.
-----transferred epithet
8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)
9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron
wheels.—---onomatopoetic words symbolism
10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence
11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻
Lesson3
1. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor
3. … th at suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. ----metaphor
4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor
5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor
The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a
concern.--—metaphor
6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor
8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽
9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts a nd feelings. -----simile
10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----
11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ----
12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ----
13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile
14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy
15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile
16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration
17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphor
Lesson4
1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis
2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor
3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)
4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进
5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环
6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism
7. Let the word go forth from this time and pl ace, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration
8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration
9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.
----antithesis对句
10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------
11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----
12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis
13. … to assist free men and free governmen ts in casting off the chains of poverty.
---repetition
14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of
suspicion…-----metaphor
15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis
16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor
17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
-----extended metaphor
18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphor
With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelism
Lesson7
1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hyperbole; parallelism; antithesis
2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole; antithesis
2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet
3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.
----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)
4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives
5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or understatement
6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule （讽刺）
7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)
8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor
9.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)
10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole
11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----irony;
sarcasm
12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor
13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor
14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony
15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion
16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony
17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony
18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor
19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.
20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification
21 …set like a dormer-window on the si de of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor
22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile
23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion
24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor
25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony
26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)
27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm
28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. ---irony
Lesson10
1 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the
middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the
deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave
denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the
naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting‖sheik‖,and the moral and stylistic
vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet 2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by
some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer
isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an
international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor
3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for
our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor
4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian
social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after
theshooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the
destruction of an obsolescent nineteenthcentury society.—metaphor
5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of
Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the
strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy
6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the
war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving
Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had‖made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor
7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and
pens inflam ed against war,Babbittry,and‖Puritanical‖gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht
morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and
sensation.—metonymy synecdoche
8 Y ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing
with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood
andChateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor
9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show
the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to
everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things
better.‖—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche
练习答案
Lesson Two Marrakech
Paraphrase
1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.
6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．
10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．
11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．
12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．
13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．
14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。
15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．
Italicized words
1．chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice
2．navvy：abbreviation of ―navigator‖，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，，roads，etc．
3．Stow：put or hide away in a safe place
4．warp：bend，curve，or twist out of shape
5．self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary
6．wretched：poor in quality，very inferior
7．mummified：thin and withered，looking like a mummy
8．reach—me—down：(British colloquialism)second—hand or ready—made clothing
9．charger：a horse ridden in battle or on parade
LESSON 3
Paraphrase
1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．)
2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．．3．In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．
4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．
5．The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
6．These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．
7．The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、rulers．
8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．
9．The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes．The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．
10．There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．
11．There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word ―dog‖ is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word ―dog‖ as being the animal itself．
12．Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．
Italicized words
1. on the rocks：metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks
2．get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from t he expression ―You got out of bed the wrong way‖．It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed．)
3．on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring．It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting．
4．turn up one’s nose at：scorn；show scorn for
5．into the shoes：metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)，think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i．e．as if one were a Saxon peasant
6 come into one’s own：receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition65
7．sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice of
LESSON 4
Paraphrase
1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.
2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.
3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.
4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.
5. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.
6. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.
7. before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place
8. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.
9. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate)and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.
11. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).
12.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.
Italicized words
1.prescribe, set down or impose
2.mortal: of man (as a being who must eventually die)
3.at issue, in dispite; still to be decided
4.disciplined, received training that developed self-control and character
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d0388279.html,mitted, bound by promise, pledged
6.undoing : abolishing
7. at odds: .in disagreement ; quarreling split asunder : split apart ; disunited
8. iron: cruel; merciless
9. bounds: chains; fetters
10. invective: a violent verbal attack; strong criticism, insuits, curses, etc.
11. writ : (archaic) a formal written document ; specifically, a legal instrument in letter form issued under seal in the name of the English monarch from Anglo—Saxon times to declare its grants，wishes and commands(Here it refers to the United Nations Charter．) run：continue in effect or force
12．stays：restrains
13．tap：draw upon or make use of
14．bear：take on；sustain
LESSON 7
Paraphrase
1. As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.
2. But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.
3. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance
and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.
4. The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.
5. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built iooked like bricks standing upright.
6. These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.
7. When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.
8. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.
9. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.
10. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.
11. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.
12. People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.
13. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.
14. They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.
15. From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．Italicized words
1．express：a fast，direct train。Making few stops
2．roll：travel in a wheeled vehicle(here an express train)
3．revolting：disgusting
4.line：railway line
5．yard：a railway center where trains are made up，serviced，switched from track to track。etc．
6．streak：mark with streaks(a line or long，thin mark)
7．sightly：pleasant to the sight
8．pullman：a railroad car with private compartments or seats that can be made up into
berths for sleeping．It is so—called after the U．S．inventor，George。M．Pullman(1831—1897)．
9．save：except。but
10．yield：surrender，give into border upon：be like，almost be
11．pull：drawing force．appeal
12．1evel：position。elevation，or rank considered as one of the planes in a scale of values
13．put down(to)：attribute(to)
14．impossible：not capable of being endured，used。agreed to，etc．，because of being disagreeable or unsuitable：hard to tolerate
XII. 1. profitable 2. dwellings, homes 3. refer to 4. wound, hurt 5. absurd, ridiculous 6. exactly upright, vertical7. unsafely, insecurely8. continual, repeated 9. unfriendly, hostile 10. insensitive, without feelings 11. hateful or dis gusting things 12. spoil the appearance of, disfigure care- lessness, oversight 13. building 14. Causes
LESSON 10
Paraphrase
1.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.
2.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.
3.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
4.In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.
5.The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.
6.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.
7.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.
8.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.
9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people. 10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.
11. It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.
12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.
Italicized words
1. flapper: (Americanism) (in the 1920s) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress
2. provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces
3. code: any set of principles or rules of conduct; a moral code
4. Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes~ specifically in the U. S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law
5. agent : an active force or substance producing an effect , e.g. , a chemical agent
6. orgy: any wild, riotous, licentious merrymaking; debauchery
7. Greenwich Village : section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan: noted as a center for artists, writers, etc.
8. draft : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, especially for compulsory military service
9. distinction: the quality that makes one seem superior or worthy of special recognition
10. action: military combat in general
11. whip up: rouse; excite
12. give: bend, sink, move, break down, yield, etc. from force or pressure
13．burden：repeated，central idea；theme
14．keep up with the Joneses：strive to get all the material things one’s neighbors or associates have
15．write off：drop from consideration
1) Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people 2) Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. 3) They narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down. 4) He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. 5) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
1) Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. 2) The cab driver’s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. 3) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. 4) I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. 5) The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.
这是我整理的，希望对大家有用。蓝色部分是重点词汇。 第一课 1、一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。 A winding path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2、集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有。 At the bazaar, there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3、我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 I really don’t know what it is that has made him so angry. 4、新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，可有精细、复杂的传统图案。 The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. … 5、在山的那一边是一望无际的大草原。 Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 6、他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 They decided to buy that house with a garage attached. 7、教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 The teachers make a point of be ing strict with the students. 8、这个小女孩很喜欢她的父亲。 The girl is very much attached to her father. 9、为了实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习国外的先进科学技术。 To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learn ing from the advanced science and technology of other countries. | 10、黄昏临近时，天渐渐暗下来了。 As dusk fell, daylight faded away. 11徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干。 The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit. 12、吃完饭弗兰克常常帮助洗餐具。 Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.
Lesson 4 the Trial That Rocked the World 1. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks." 2. The case had erupted round my head... 3. ... no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. History. 4. "That's one hell of a jury!" 5. "Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. 6. "There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted. 7. ... accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. 8. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related. 9. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defense. 10. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand. 1. “Don’t worry, young man, we have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.” 2. The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently; 3. I was the last one to expect that my case would become one of the most famous trials in U.S. History. 4. The jury is a completely inappropriate. 5. Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to spread knowledge of science. 6. “It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power,” said Darrow sarcastically and scornfully. 7. ... accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be fought between science and religion. 8. People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry. 9. Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes which was a brilliant idea. 10. I felt sorry for Bryan as the spectators rushed past him to congratulate Darrow. Unit 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America 1. Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end. 2. His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people. It is a world of all types of characters. 3. All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“C an I have these old quilts?” ② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （1）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）. （2）metonymy 借代，转喻 用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。 The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。 ① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's" ② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐） （3）synecdoche 提喻 以部分指代整体
Lesson 4 (1)She think her sister has feld life always in the palm of one hand... She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life. (2)”no” is a word the world never learned to say to her. She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her. (3)Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. The famous and popular TV talk host, Johnny Carson has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me. (4)It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight... It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible. (5)She washed us in a river of make-believe... She imposed on us lots of falsity. (6)burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know Imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us. (7)Like good looks and money,quickness passed her by. She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking rich. (8)A dress down to the ground,in this hot weather. Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day. (9)You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up. (10)Anyhow,he soon gives up on Maggie. Soon he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie. (11)Though,in fact,I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches. In fact, I could have traced it far back before the Civil War along the branches of the family tree.
高英课内考点：第一课：Paraphrase 1、we’re elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2、The place has been here since 1915,and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915,and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3、We can batten down and ride it out. We can make the necessary preparation and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4、The generator was doused,and the lights went out. Water got into the generator,it stopped working.As a result all lights were put out. 5、Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6、The electrical systems had been killed by water.
The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7、John watched the water lap at the steps,and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8、Get us through this mess,will You? Oh,God,please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9、She carried on alone for a few bars;then her voice trailed away. She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10、Janis had just one delayed reaction. Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm,but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. 英译汉： 1、But,like thousands of others in the coastal communities,John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family----his wife,Janis,and their seven children,aged 3 to 11---was clearly endangered.
Lesson One 1.And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2.Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other?s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other?s private lives. 5.....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6.They are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. They animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8.English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King?s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. 1.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 2.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。
高英第六册修辞整理（仅供参考） Lesson one 1 This is, in some ways an admirable solution. Irony 2 however Malthus was himself not without a certain felling of reasonability. Double negative 4 The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. Irony 5 It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. Double negative irony 6 It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon irony 7 The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat–again excluding those associated with national defense. The only form of discrimination that is still permissible–that is, still officially encouraged irony 8 When these aberrations have occurred they have, oddly enough, all been in the Pentagon. Irony .9 All this would seem a considerable achievement for incompetent and otherwise ineffective people. Alliteration
Paraphrase: L1: 1.Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people. 2.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. 3.They narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down. 4.He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. 5.As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. L2: 1.Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. 2.The cab driver’s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. 3.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimino and the miniskirt. 4.I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. 5.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was/ 6.After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible. 7.I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of sad reverie. 8.I thought somehow I had been spared. L3: 1.The prospect of a good catch looked bleak. 2.He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. 3.Keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together.
THE LOONS 课后习题答案/answer I . 1)The Tonnerres were poor The basis of their dwelling was a small square cabin made of poles and mud, which had been built some fifty years before. As the Tonnerres had increased in number, their settlement had been added, until thc clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos, wooden packing cases, warped lumber, discarded car tyres, ramshackle chicken coops, tangled strands of barbed wire and rusty tin cans. 2)Sometimes, one of them would get involved in a fight on Main Street and be put for the night in the barred cell underneath the Court House. 3)Because she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and should have a couple of months rest to get better. 4)Her mother first objected to take Piquette along because she was afraid that the girl would spread the disease to her children and she believed that the girl was not hygienic. She then agreed to do so because she preferred Piquette to the narrator's grandmother, who promised not to go along with the family and decided to stay in the city if the girl was taken along. 5)The cottage was called Macleod, their family name. The scenery there was quite beautiful with all kinds of plants and animals at the lakeside. 6)The narrator knew that maybe Piquette was an Indian descendant who knew the woods quite well, so she tried to ask Piquette to go and play in the wood and tell her stories about woods. 7)Because Piquette thought the narrator was scorning and showing contempt for her Indian ancestors, which was just opposite to her original intention. 8)Because the narrator felt somewhat guilty. Piquette stayed most of the time in the cottage and hardly played with the narrator. At the same time, she felt there was in Piquette something strange and unknown and unfathomable. 9)That was the very rare chance she was unguarded and unmasked, so that the author could perceive her inner world. 10)Her full name is Vanessa Macleod. 11)Just as the narrator's father predicted, the loons would go away when more cottages were built at the lake with more people moving in. The loons disappeared as nature was ruined by civilization. In a similar way, Piquette and her people failed to find their position in modern society. Ⅱ. 1)who looked deadly serious, never laughed 2)Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinking of liquor. 3)She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork. 4)I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease. 5)She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight (Although I saw her, I paid little attention to her). 6)If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod and
Paraphrase Unit7 1.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that ”no” is a word never learned to say to her. She thinks that her sister has a form control of her life and that she can always have anything she wants, and life is extremely generous to her. 2.My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. Because I am very fat, I feel hot even in frozen weather. 3.Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. J C, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me. 4.It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. When I talked to them,I’m always ready to leave as quickly as possible, and turn my head away from them in order to avoid them as much as possible because of nervousness. 5.She would always look anyone in the eye. She would always look at somebody directly and steadily, not feeling embarrassed or ashamed. 6.She washed us in a river if make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know. She imposed on us lots of falsities and a lot of knowledge that was totally useless to us. 7.Like good looks and money, quickness passes her by. She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking nor rich. 8.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie’s hand. Meanwhile A is trying to shake hands with M in a fancy and elaborate way. 9.Though, in fact,I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches. In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family branches. 10.He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A car. He just stood therewith a grin on his face and looked at me as if inspecting something old and out-of-date. 11.Every once in a while he and Wangero sent signals over my head. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way. 12.“I can remember Grandma Dee without the quilts”. I don’t need the quilts to remind me of grandma Dee. She lives in my memory all the time. Uint8 1. “What is one winter more?” What dose it matter if we wait for another winter? 2. Sher Takhi, who called Korphe’s widely dispersed faithful to prayer five times a day without the benefit of amplification, filled the small room with his booming voice. S T had a booming voice, and without the advantage of amplification his voice fiiled the small room. He called K’s believers, who were widely scattered to pray five times a day. 3. As the moon rose over Korphe K2, they danced around the fire and taught Mortenson verses from the great Himalayan Epic of Gesar, beloved across much of the roof of the world, and introduced him to their inexhaustible supply of Balti folk songs.