Design and research on a variable ballast system for deep-sea manned submersibles
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J.Marine.Sci.App1.(2o08)7:255—26O DOI:1O.1007/s118O4一o08—7O92一y
Design and research 0n a Variable b allast system f.0r deep-sea mannecI SU DmerSlDleS 1 1 ●1 1
QIU Zh0ng-liang (邱中梁) Chind Ship scient c Resedrch Cente Unde}wⅡter Engineertng R&D 甬矗lxi 2 i 4o82 Chind Abstract:Variable ballast systems are necessary f0r ma1111ed submersibles to adiust their buoyancv In mis pape r,the design Of a variab1e ballast system for a maIlned submersib1e is described.The variable
banast system uses a super high pressure hydrau1ic seawater system.A super high pressure seawater
pump and a de印一sea bI1Jshless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from me v ab1e ballast tank,increasing or decreasing me weight of the manned submersible.A magnetOstrictive linear disp1acement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tan k_SOme seawater va1ves are used tO cOntro1 pumping direction and contrO1 on-off states.The design a11d testing prOcedure f0r the Valves is described.Final1y,the future development of v ab1e bal1ast systems and seawater hvdraulic systems is projected. Keyw0rds:deep—sea;manned submersible;v ab1e ba1last system;weight;seawater pump;seawater hydrau1ic system CLC number:U674.941 D0cument c0de:A Article ID:1671.9433f2008104—0255一O6
1 Intr0ductiOn As the pOpulatiOn On the earth explOdes,the resOurces supplied from the land appr0ach the limit.Many coun仃ies have f.ocused thejr attentiOn Of ecOn0mic deVelOpment On the sea.This is because there are ver), rich resources in the sea including water’ ene唱y, mineral rdnd biology,etc.Deep-sea explorations are indispensable not only f0r the investigatiOn Of marine creatures, micrOo唱anisms, minerals and Other resources hidden under the deep wate r,but also for the geOphysical research intO the structure and behaviOr Of the ealnh[11.
2 Manned submersible Manned submersible is a Very important means f0r deep—sea explOratiOn.Fig.1 shOws a typical deep-sea manned submersible con guratiOn.The missions set for deep—sea manned submersible are that it can fulfill the following tasks:
1)To caI_ry scientists,engineers and their various instrument and tOO1s tO the deep sea tO perfbm1 tasks Of Oceanic geOgI.aphy Oceanic physics,Oceanjc
Received date:2007.12.11. Foundation.tem:Supported by me“863”Foundation under Grrdnt NO.2OO2AA401000. C0rresponding author Email:qiuameng@sina.c0m
biolOgy and Oceanic chemistr), 2) I10 jnvestjgate sulnde and cobalt encn1statjon resOurces.By undenvater mini—drilling tOOls,the cOre sample Of the cObalt can be Obtained.
3)To explore and locate the hydmthern1a1 vent, measure the temperature at the center Of active hydrothennal Vents,and take the water samp1e and keep it with constant temperature and pressure.
4)T0 e虢ctiVe1y perforn1 the sampling of the d印osits' suspended creatures and microbes at the required 1OcatiOns.
5) Ib depl0y the under、Ⅳater devices in the speciflc location,inspect the cables and pipelines,and perf-0nn Other di cult tasks such as recOvering wrecks[2-3。.
During a diVe,the tOtal weight Of the submersible often varies because of the change 0f the load in the scientmc basket Or the difrerence Of seawater densitV at difrerent depths or regions,which is able to be balanced bv the variable ba1last (VB) svstem.The VB system is designed to allow the pilot to adjust the wei曲t of the submersible whiIe deep in the sea. 256 Main b稿IIa畦 C0m娃nieali0n J.Marine.Sci.App1.(2008)7:255—26O
Ski S蕊fHple bask l F 1 A de印-sea manned submersible
3 Design&research 0f VB system 3.1 Primarv characteristics The system is cOmp0sed 0f a VB tank,i.e.a pressure
Vessel,and a super nIgn pressure seawater pump,a DC-mOtOr and s0me seawater change.Over valves. The seawater is charged intO Or dischar2ed frOm the
VB tank to nnely adjust the weight of the submersible s0 as to mOve 0n and of.fthe sea b0ttom.
3.2 System desi2n The VB system in Fig.2 is cOmpOsed Of vB tank I, Oil—pilot—Operated stOp valves , , C,D and E, seawater leve1 transducer 2,nlter 3,check valve 4.
pressure balance ValVe 5, safety valve 6, seawater
pump 7,DC—m0tor 8 and pipe system 9.The system can work in the maximaI 700 0 meters underwate r.ns buoyancy adjusting range is 0 to 300 kg.
Cha唱ing process:with oil-pilot—operated st0p valves and C actuated,seawater is pumped from the sea, thrOugh the 6lter,ValVe C,seawater pun1p,pressure
balance valVe,check valve,va1ve ,and to the VB
扭nk.Djscharging pr0cess:wjth o¨一piIo£一operated st