新冠疫情对旅游业的影响及应对措施英文作文The COVID-19 has caused a systematic negative impact on China's national economic and social development, and the tourism industry has suffered a heavy blow. From another point of view, this public health emergency provides a buffer period for "removing ineffective production capacity, adjusting product structure, and improving development quality" to solve the problems of tourism supply and demand mismatch, product structure imbalance, and repeated inefficient investment under the background of the new normal and supply side structural reform. Whether the crisis can be turned into opportunities depends on whether the diversity of tourists Personalized modern tourism and leisure needs establish an effective tourism supply system.1、 Impact analysisThe epidemic spread rapidly across the country, resulting in almost no harvest in the tourism industry during the Spring Festival holiday in 2020. 17 years after the outbreak of SARS, China's industrialization process has been further accelerated, the industrialchain has been improved, industries are highly dependent, and China's economy has entered the new normal from the period of rapid development. These factors have doubled the negative impact of the epidemic on the tourism industry. Based on this, people in the tourism industry agree that, The negative effects of this epidemic on China's tourism industry and even the global tourism industry will be far more than the outbreak of SARS in 2003. If the epidemic can end in April, as expected by academician Zhong Nanshan, it means that there will be a gap in the tourism industry in the first quarter of 2020. Recently, the China Tourism Research Institute has carried out optimistic, benchmark and pessimistic simulation calculations on the impact of the epidemic on the tourism economy. The benchmark results show that: affected by the COVID-19, the total number of tourists in 2020 will be reduced by 980million compared with the previous year, and the total tourism revenue will be reduced by about 1.55 trillion yuan, while the total tourism revenue in 2003 will be less than 500billion yuan. From the perspective of the spatial structure of the recovery of the tourism market, regions with better epidemic control will take the lead inwarming up, which will make the recovery of tourism show the characteristics of spatial imbalance. In addition, the recovery time nodes of the three major markets are also inconsistent. According to the law of tourism market development, domestic tourism tends to recover first, followed by outbound tourism, and the latest is inbound tourism.1. Impact on the three major tourism marketsTourism was the first industry to recover after the financial crisis in 2009. When SARS occurred in 2003, the tourism industry was hit hard in the short term and soon showed a retaliatory rebound. According to past experience, in terms of long-term cycle, the epidemic is not enough to form a long-term and sustained negative effect on the three major tourism markets, but the recovery time cycle of the three major markets is different. Once the epidemic ends, the pent up travel demand will bring retaliatory growth to the domestic tourism market, followed by outbound tourism, and inbound tourism is the most difficult and the latest to recover.(1) Domestic tourism market. In the first half of the year, the domestic tourism market was particularly affected by the epidemic,and the impact on summer tourism still needs to be further judged according to the development trend of the epidemic. According to the preliminary statistics of the Ministry of transport, during the 10 Day Spring Festival holiday in 2020, about 190million passengers were sent by railways, roads and waterways across the country, a decrease of nearly 73% over the same period last year. After the nationwide epidemic prevention and control, airlines and railways, online tourism enterprises, travel agencies and hotels have experienced a wave of ticket refunds and bookings, and tourism enterprises such as scenic spots and travel agencies have almost completely shut down. According to the current situation of epidemic development, the bleak situation of the tourism market is likely to continue until the Qingming Festival and the May Day holiday, resulting in a sharp contraction of the domestic tourism market in the first half of the year. According to the benchmark data of simulation calculation released by China Tourism Research Institute, affected by the epidemic, the number of domestic tourists and tourism revenue increased by 56% and 69% respectively in the first quarter of 2020, with a decrease of 932million people and adecrease of 1.18 trillion yuan in the whole year.(2) Inbound and outbound tourism markets. Measures such as travel warnings to China, suspension of air passenger transport, entry control of other countries and China's ban on group travel have not only caused heavy damage to China's inbound tourism market, but also significantly reduced China's outbound tourism market, exacerbating the slowdown in the global international tourism market. First of all, in the medium and short term, the epidemic will have a direct negative effect on China's inbound tourism market. According to the data released by the China Tourism Research Institute, in the whole year, the number of inbound tourists and international tourism revenue increased by 34.7% and 40.6% respectively, a decrease of 50.32 million and US $53.4 billion compared with the previous year. After the global financial crisis in 2008, China's inbound tourism market changed its long-term high-speed growth trend, with an annual year-on-year growth rate of no more than 5%, and even negative growth in many years. After the epidemic, the inbound market will face great challenges to recover to the previous level and achieve sustainedgrowth, and more efforts need to be made in destination marketing and improving the inbound tourism supply chain. Secondly, the number of outbound tourists in China will decrease sharply in the short term and will gradually recover after the epidemic, but the recovery of the outbound market will be later than that of the domestic tourism market. Thirdly, the world tourism organization of the United Nations said in a statement that the number of global international tourists in 2019 was about 1.5 billion, while the China Tourism Research Institute preliminarily calculated that 160million Chinese outbound tourists last year, accounting for more than 10% of the total number of global international tourists. Therefore, the epidemic will also have a great impact on the pattern of the global international tourism market.2. Impact on tourism supply sideFrom the demand side to the supply side, the negative impact of the epidemic on tourism is systematic. On the one hand, the most direct impact of the epidemic on the tourism supply side is that tourism enterprises suffered heavy losses and fell into a survival crisis in the first quarter, especially the weak small and medium-sized enterprises, which increased the risk of capital chain rupture and bankruptcy. However, on the other hand, the suspension provides a buffer period for us to reflect on and solve the problems of supply and demand mismatch, product structure imbalance and repeated and inefficient investment in the current development of tourism. According to the latest data released by the National Bureau of statistics, China's per capita GDP in 2019 exceeded US $10000, and has already entered the era of leisure and vacation tourism. Tourists' demand is more diversified, and there is a strong demand for spiritual and cultural aspects. However, in the practice of tourism industry development, there are more tourism products that people can only "visit here", the lack of leisure and vacation tourism products, the imbalance of tourism product structure, and the serious mismatch between supply and demand, In order to pursue political achievements or seek support funds, some places are greedy for the scale of tourism investment, promote the construction of tourism projects, and the inefficient tourism investment is overheated. To solve the above-mentioned persistent problems in the tourism industry for a long time is also the key topromote the supply side structural reform of the tourism industry. In this crisis, not only effective tourism supply is facing a survival crisis, but invalid supply is more likely to be eliminated. After the recovery of the tourism market, in order to better meet the diversified modern tourism demand, these high-quality assets that were "wrongly killed" and shelved in the crisis will be quickly invigorated and acquired, and some other stock assets may also regain vitality through cross-border integration, cultural import and other ways, so as to further deepen the supply side structural reform of the tourism industry. Moreover, the reorganization and integration of tourism assets in the post epidemic era will change the competitive pattern of the tourism industry, form a boost effect on the cultivation of tourism market players with world-class influence and competitiveness, fundamentally improve the quality of tourism development and the ability of sustainable development, and speed up the process of China's entry into the ranks of World Tourism powers.2、 Coping strategiesTo sum up, the demand side and supply side of the tourismindustry have been severely hit by the COVID-19. At the key node of the tourism industry from the high-speed growth stage to the high-quality development stage, if you want to turn the crisis into an opportunity, you need not only to penetrate into the market in advance to boost tourism demand, but also to establish a more optimized and effective tourism supply system under the concept of high-quality tourism development.1. Supply sideFor tourism enterprises, especially small and medium-sized tourism enterprises, first of all, we should solve the problem of survival and take the initiative to take advantage of all applicable national and local burden reduction policies (delayed payment of social security and taxes, rent subsidies, "investment and loan awards", etc.) and financial support policies to resolve the liquidity crisis of enterprises. Secondly, during the epidemic period, we should seize this shutdown period to do a good job in market research and judgment, and simply rely on the promotion and marketing during the market recovery after the epidemic to rebuild channels. It is better to make full use of this market gap to conductonline research and reshape products and services according to market demand. Thirdly, we should pay attention to the high-quality assets that have closed down due to the problems of the capital chain. Once the epidemic is over, these high-quality assets will become the target of capital competition. Therefore, we can make investment and development plans in advance according to the strategic needs of the enterprise's own development, starting from the idea of enhancing the leisure and experience of tourism products and services. In addition, after the end of the epidemic, the pent up tourism demand will be released quickly or even doubled in the short term. Therefore, during the epidemic period, online marketing penetration should be carried out, personnel training, material reserves and resumption plans should be made, and the tourism blowout in the post epidemic era should be calmly welcomed. Finally, this sudden public health incident once again reminds the tourism industry to establish a tourism emergency mechanism as soon as possible, so as to provide guarantee for coping with the sudden crisis from the aspects of system, materials, personnel, funds and so on.2. Demand sideThe three major tourism markets should implement policies and formulate tourism revitalization plans respectively. First of all, from the national level, the restoration of the domestic market should be given priority. According to the development law of the tourism market, in the post crisis era, the domestic tourism market is often the first to recover. The market size of billions of people a year in China makes it the top priority of the three major markets. Only when the domestic tourism market recovers and stabilizes, can there be hope for the recovery and boost of the inbound market. After this epidemic, public health awareness has been further improved. Basic tourism destinations should give more prominence to the characteristics of health tourism in marketing and promotion. Secondly, for the sake of public health and safety, the recovery of inbound tourism market will be later than domestic tourism. Therefore, when boosting the inbound market, first, we should establish a "safe" destination image, and second, we should vigorously develop tourism insurance to rebuild the confidence of inbound tourists to travel to China. Thirdly, we should establishcultural confidence and guide the outbound tourism market to return to China by optimizing the tourism environment, enriching the tourism product system, improving the quality of tourism services, and introducing policies such as tourism shopping tax rebates.3. PolicyIn order to help enterprises tide over the difficulties, the state and local governments have issued a series of emergency support policies in terms of approval, services, finance, taxation, etc. due to a certain time lag in the recovery of the tourism market after the end of the epidemic, the state and local governments should also extend the validity of the existing emergency support policies in a planned, focused and subregional manner. In addition to policy support on the supply side, measures such as compensatory leave and flexible working hours should also be taken to facilitate the release of tourism demand. For medical workers and other staff who have been busy in the front line of anti epidemic during the epidemic period, in addition to additional work subsidies, they should also arrange compensatory leave, which is equivalent to adjusting thetime structure of travel, so that the Spring Festival holiday tourism demand dividend can be delayed.。
