2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区上南初中初三上学期Unit1单元测试卷
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar
(第二部分词汇和语法)
III. Choose the best answer:(共20分)
( )26.Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence below?
The strongest enemy is ourselves.
A./’en?m?/
B./’en?m?/
C./’en?m?/
D./’en?m? /
【答案】A
( )27. Have you read interesting story The night of the horse?
A.a
B. the
C.an
D. /
【答案】B
( )28. All students took part in the competition Jersey because of her broken leg.
A. except
B.except for
C.besides
D.beside
【答案】A
( )29. Three years have passed David and Piere became pen friends.
A. since
B. before
C. that
D. when
【答案】A
( )30. Have you been to Greece.
A.a lready
B. ever
C. that
D. when
【答案】B
( )31.-How long have you here?
-For several days.
A. gone
B. arrived C .come D. been
【答案】D
( )32. There were only two people after the earthquake.
A. lively
B. living
C. live
D. alive
【答案】D
( )33. I have got much work to do I don’t have time to play with my friends.
A. so; that
B. such; that
C. too; to
D. enough; to
【答案】A
( )34. Exciting event the 2016 Shanghai F1 Race was!
A. what
B. How
C. What an
D. What a
【答案】C
( ) 35. have you read this book?---Twice.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How soon
D. How many times
【答案】D
( )36.They the classroom. It is very clean now.
A. were cleaning
B. will clean
C. have cleaned
D. cleaned
【答案】C
( )37. Mike will give you a call if he some new information.
A. will get
B. is getting
C. gets
D. got
【答案】C
( )38.—Helen’s never been abroad. —her sister.
A. So is
B. So has
C. Neither has
D. Neither is
【答案】C
（)39.—This morning Mum made me my bedroom because it was a mess.
A. clean
B. cleaned
C. to clean
D. cleaning
【答案】A
（)40.—great fun it is to windsurf on the sea in summer.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
【答案】A
（)41.—I need two hours to finish this job.
A. the other
B. another
C. other
D. others
【答案】B
（)42.—Finally the enemy captured the town after a violent attack. The underlined part means : .
A. caught
B. took
C. got
D. seized
【答案】C
（)43.—By 2015,we around ten countries in Asia.
A. have traveled
B. had traveled
C. are traveling
D. travel
【答案】B
（)44.—Hello, Joyce, you look busy. Anything I can do to help?
--- .
A. You’re welcome
B. No, thanks
C. Not at all
D. Thanks a lot, but I can manage
【答案】D
（)45.—I’m sorry I’ve broken your glasses.
--- I’ve got another pair.
A. You’re welcome
B. Never mind
C. All right
D. That’s right.
【答案】B
VIL. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once.(8分)
Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can 46 the chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows. It challenges the belief that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.
The Australian government researchers believe that the sunlight is good for people’s eyes. They compared the vision and 47 of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all,30% of the Singaporean children were short-sighted---this rate was ten times higher than Australian children.
Both groups spend a 48 amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games. However, the Singaporean children spent an average of only half an hour a day 49 --90 minutes less than the Australian children.
Professor Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council’s vision Centre, said: Humans are50 long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger. We’re also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world and the main reason may be that city children spend 51 time outdoors.
Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and 53 people from becoming short-sighted.
So be outdoors. It doesn’t matter 54 that time is spent having a picnic or having sports.
【答案】EBDA DEBA
【分析】
46. 考察词性判断，从这里判断为动词，而从选项里，只有E符合
47.考察名词，与视力相对性，只有B最合适，指习惯
48.考察形容词，这里CD都符合，但是从句意上我们判断，应该为相同类似数量
49.考察副词，这里只有A符合，指的是在户外
50.考察副词，只有D合适，天生的，天性的
51.从句意上判断，花费较少的时间，选E
52.句子缺动词，选B，prevent……from阻止某某事情的发生
53.宾语从句考察，需要连接词，这里选if。
VILL. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (8分)
54.When all the heard that their football team lost the final match, they were very sad. (city)
55.Teachers should help the children learn how to be . (dependent)
56.I had to stay in the small house because it rained heavily outside. (wood)
57.Some of us find it difficult to in getting a dream job. (success)
58.There is no light in his home, and the makes people afraid. (dark)
59.In 2050 many kinds of animals may from our Earth.( appear)
60.All pupils will go to have a picnic this Friday Betty and Jerry. (include)
61.You need to tie the rope ,or the tree may fall down.(secure)
54. 【答案】citizens
【分析】考察city的词转—citizen，指市民，这里用复数形式citizens
55. 【答案】independent
【分析】考察形容词的否定，加前缀构成否定词
56. 【答案】wooden
【分析】wood名词，这里缺形容词，转换成wooden
57. 【答案】succeed
【分析】考察句型succeed in doing sth
58. 【答案】darkness
【分析】dark词性转换darkness,指黑暗
59. 【答案】disappear
【分析】文中缺动词，根据词意，为消失的意思，用disappear。
60. 【答案】including
【分析】including为动词，这里做伴随，主动，用ing形式
61. 【答案】securely
【分析】文中缺副词，Secure直接加ly构成副词。
V. Rewrite the following sentences as required: ( 共12分)
62. Alice has already booked a trip to Tokyo. (改为否定句)
Alice booked a trip to Tokyo .
63. Judy failed her driving test. (改为反意疑问)
Judy failed her driving test，？
64.This film was interesting enough for me to watch once more. （保持句意不变）
This film was interesting I wanted to watch it once more.
65. Both of them are footballers. (改为否定句)
of them a footballer.
66. The film began ten minutes ago. (保持句意不变)
The film on for ten minutes.
67. From her letter I knew Jane didn’t live in Canada any longer. (保持句意不变)
From her letter I knew Jane live in Canada.
68.live, it, to, exciting, on, farm, Tony, is, a, small(连词成句)
.
62.【答案】has n’t yet
【分析】否定句，助动词has后加not,already改为yet
63.【答案】didn’t she
【分析】反义疑问句，首先动词为failed，助动词用did,根据前肯后否原则，用didn’t she 64.【答案】so that
【分析】enough to的同义转换，用too to 或者so that,根据后面完整句子判断，用so that 65.【答案】Neither is
【分析】考察both 的否定，用neither，neither做主语，谓语动词用单数
66.【答案】had been
【分析】考察短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换，begin=have been on
67.【答案】no longer
【分析】考察同义句转换not any longer=no longer
68.【答案】It is exciting for Tony to live on a small farm.
【分析】it is adj for sb to do sth
Part 3 Reading and Writing
(第三部分读写)
VI. Reading comprehension:(共30分)
A.Choose the best answer: (共6分)
( ) 60. Which movie lasts the longest time?
A. Brave
B. The Grey
C. Chimpanzee
D. Mirror Mirror ( ) 61. How much will three of you pay together to watch Mirror Mirror?
A. ￥120
B. ￥240
C. ￥80
D. ￥160 ( ) 62. The underlined word “threaten” most likely means .
A. leave
B. take away
C. make … in danger
D. save
( ) 63. Who played the lead role in one of the movies?
A. Lily Collins and Julia Roberts.
B. Alastair Fothergill and Mark Linfield.
C. Ian Mackenzie Jeffers.
D. Merida.
( ) 64. The Grey is a story happened in .
A. Japan
B. England
C. America
D. Africa
( ) 65. Which statement about the movies is true? .
A. Mirror Mirror is directed by Lily Collins and Julia Roberts.
B. The Grey directed by Ian Mackenzie Jeffers is based on a short story.
C. You can’ see many beautiful nature sights in Chimpanzee.
D. Brave is about a princess who obeys her heart.
【答案】60-65 BACACD
【分析】
60. 细节题，定位到文章The Grey, Running time: 117 minutes可知选B。
61. 细节推理题，根据文章For all students, the price will be half可知，学生半价，三人为120元，故选A。
62. 词义推测题，根据文章They have to fight against grey wolves that threaten their live可知，灰狼威胁人类生命，故选C。
63. 细节题，根据文章Lily Collins and Julia Roberts are the main actresses in this interesting movie，两人是此电影中的两个主角，故选A。
64. 细节题，根据文章It's about a number of oil men who are in trouble in Alaska after a plane crash，可知故事发生在阿拉斯加，阿拉斯加属于美国，故选C。
65. 细节题，根据文章The Grey is based on the short story "Ghost Walker" written by Ian Mackenzie Jeffers; Lily Collins and Julia Roberts are the main actresses in this interesting movie; It's a nature documentary film about a young chimpanzee named Oscar，可知A,B,C选项均不正确，故选D。
B.Choose the best answer（共6分）
A daughter was born sick. The doctor told the girl's father that the 66 was that she couldn't run over 400 metres at a time, or a terrible problem might happen to her. The father felt really sad about it. He asked the doctor if there were any 67 to cure it. The doctor shook his head. How blue the father felt! But the man still didn't give up his hope.
He began to pay attention to any news from about the girl's health. One day, a piece of news from a newspaper
68 him, which said if you keep saying the same words to a person every night when he or she is sleeping, it will have. a magical power. From that day on, every night, when the girl fell asleep, the father would say to her, you will be beautiful and healthy in the future. No matter(无论) 69 you will be like I will always love you. The father kept on doing the same thing every night for over 16 years. Year after year, magic 70 . As the girl grew up, she became healthier and healthier. Later she even took part in a 3000-metre cross-country race and won a prize. In 2014, the parents took the girl to the doctor again. The doctor could hardly believe his eyes when he saw the report. He said it was a(n) wonder that he had never before.
Later, the girl said - Whenever I thought of the things my father had done for me, I was 71 . I'll spend all the rest of my life to give my father a happy life. My dear father, love you forever.
66. A. best B. worst C. least D. latest
67. A. needs B. time C. methods D. thoughts
68. A. discovered B. met C. stopped D. attracted
69. A. what B. how C. that D. which
70. A. failed B. worked C. went D. died
71. A. happy B. sad C. moved D. upset
【答案】66-71 BCDABC
【分析】
66．推理题，A最好的，B最糟糕的，C最少的，D最新的。由文章第一句可知，女孩生病了，最糟的情况是一次都跑不完400米，故选B。
67. 推理题，A需求，B时间，C方法，D思想。由前文可知，爸爸问医生有没有能治愈的方法，故选C。
68. 推理题，A发现，B遇见，C停止，D吸引。由前文可知，报纸上的一则新闻吸引了爸爸的注意，故选D。
69. 推理题，A无论什么，不管怎样B无论如何，C无此用法，D无论哪个。由前文可知，爸爸对女儿说无论你变成什么样，我都会一直爱你，故选A。
70. 推理题，A失败，B起作用，C走，D死亡。由原文可知，年复一年，奇迹出现了，故选B。
71. 推理题，A开心的，B悲伤的，C感动的，D心烦的，沮丧的。由原文可知，女儿说每每想起爸爸为她做的事情，她都觉得很感动，故选C。
C.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Whether we are going to school or going to work, we are all sad to leave the weekend behind and go back to our Monday morning blues (沮丧情绪). But with the tips, you can get over those blues and f 81 Monday mornings with a smile.
Love what you do. If you love what you do, then you won't fear Monday mornings as much. Loving your job will make you look forward to the week a 82 . Try to find something positive (积极的) in your workplace. It could be a friend, a partner, or the work you do in general. The important thing is to keep a positive attitude (态度) at work.
Do what gives you feelings of comfort, while remembering your responsibilities (责任) for the day. This will help you cheer yourself up for the day ahead. If the clock rings and you still feel s 83 , stay in for five minutes. However, don't stay past five minutes, as it will only make you feel even lazier for your day. When you get up, make a cup of coffee and put on some music. This will help you feel energetic.
Try to give y 84 a little something extra. A good reward for Monday would be a treat you wouldn't have the rest of the week. On Fridays, plan a night out for films or dinner. This will give you a little b 85 from the rest of the week. This way, you will know that even if you're working hard, you will have something good waiting for you at the end of the week.
On Sunday night, go to bed early. Your mind will react (反应) quickly on Monday morning. If you wake up early, you will have more time to get ready for the day. Being stressed during Monday mornings is only going to
a 86 to your blues.
Get yourself organized on Friday evening. Before you leave your workplace on Friday, you should take care of all the things you need to, so you won't be so stressed on Monday morning. This way, you can start the week right. Follow these simple tips and you will be able to b 87 those Monday morning blues soon.
81.f 82.a 83. s 84.y
85.b 86.a 87.b
【答案】81. face, 82. ahead,83. sleepy, 84. yourself, 85. break, 86. add,87. beat
【分析】81.由but转折知道，采用这些建议，你能克服沮丧的情绪并微笑面对周一早上。
82.根据句意知道，因为你喜欢这份工作，所以期待这一周的到来look forward to…ahead 期待什么
的到来。
83. stay in for five minutes及后面的语境和常识知道，你仍然感到困，所以用sleepy
84. 根据句子结构give sb sth句子缺宾语，所以用yourself
85. 由前面计划看电影和吃饭，可以推测出这将给你一些放松，休息。所以用break
86. 根据Being stressed during Monday mornings 推断，这种行为只会增加你的沮丧情绪。
87. 总结文章，如果你采用以上建议，你将能减缓那些沮丧情绪。Beat表达减缓，避免之意。
D. Answer the questions:(根据短文内容回答下列问题)（12分）
Once upon a time, all feelings went to an island for a vacation, and each was having a good time. Suddenly a warning of a strong storm was announced, so all rushed to their boats. Yet, Love did not wish to run away quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realized it was time to leave. But there was no boat to spare. Love looked around with hope
Just then Richness was passing by in a grand boat．Love shouted，"Richness，can you take me with you？Richness answered，"No，I can't．There is a lot of gold and silver in my boat．There is no place here for you．" Love decided to ask vanity (虚荣) for help who was also passing by in a beautiful boat. But vanity said with a cold voice, “No, I can’t take you with me. My boat will get dirty with your wet feet.”
Sadness passed by after some time, Again, Love asked for help. But it was use less. “No, I can’t take you with me.
I am so sad. I want to be alone.”
When Happiness passed by a few minutes later,Love again called for help．But Happiness was so happy that he didn't hear Love calling to him．
Just then somebody called out, “come, Love!I will take you with me .” Love did not know who was so kind, but jumped into the boat happily.
After getting off the boat, Love met knowledge. Love asked, “Knowledge, do you know who was so kind to give me a lift when no one else wished to help?”
Kno wledge smiled, “Oh, that was Time.”
“Time ?” asked Love, “But why did Time help me? Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and answered, “Because only Time is capable of understanding how great Love is."
88. Why did all feelings go to the island?
89. Richness didn’t give Love a lift, did it?
90. How did Vanity refuse Love’s request(请求)？
91. when did somebody call out to give Love a hand ?
92. who helped Love at last?
93. what can we learn from the passage?
【答案】88. Because they went there for a vacation
89. No, it didn’t
90.With a cold voice
91. When Love was becoming restless and hopeless
92. Time
93. Only Time is capable of understanding how great Love is
【分析】88. 细节题，all feelings went to an island for a vacation知道，去度假。Why引导的用Because回答。
89. 细节题，根据文中"Richness，can you take me with you？Richness answered，"No，I can't回答，
并遵循反义疑问句的原则。
90. 细节题，根据But vanity said with a cold voice
91. 细节题，根据Love was becoming restless and hopeless,用when 提问的句子回答时候，可以用
when引导的时间状语。
92. 细节题，根据Knowledge smiled, “Oh, that was Time.
93.主旨大意题，答案合理即可。
Vii. Writing:(共20分)
85. Wri te a short passage about the topic “A Present for my mother”(根据所给情景写一篇不少于60个词的信，标点符号不占格。)
【答案】
A present for my mother
Today is my mother’s birthday. My father and I wanted to give her surprising birthday presents.
In the morning we went to the shop and bought a big cake. Then we went to the market and bought some food that mother liked very much. After getting home, we began to prepare our presents. Father went into the kitchen to prepare a big meal while I went into my room to make a birthday card. I drew three rabbits biggest one was eating grass while the other two were playing happily under a big tree. To tell you the truth, it was my family because all of us were born in the year of rabbit. It was almost 12 o’clock. The delicious food on the table made my mouth water. Everything was ready. We seated ourselves at the table, waiting for my mother. When we heard the sound of opening the door, we hid behind the door and cheered, "Happy Birthday!" as soon as mother came in. Mother was seated at the table and I showed her my present. She looked at it and smiled. "Have a taste of the delicious food. It was made by Father himself. "I said. Mother looked at my father and me, picking up her chopsticks.
How happy we were!
期中二 一、选择题（每小题3分，共30分） 1．下列事件中在改变物体内能的方式上与其他三项不同的是（） A． 搓手取暖 B． 玩滑梯，臀部发热 C． 放大镜聚光烤焦纸片 D． 压缩空气 【考点】物体内能的改变． 【难度】易 【专题】图析法；分子热运动、内能． 【分析】改变物体内能的方式有两种：做功和热传递． 做功的实质是能量转化的过程，即：内能和其他形式能的相互转化． 热传递的实质是能量转移的过程，发生热传递的条件是有温度差． 【解答】解：ABD、搓手取暖、玩滑梯以及压缩空气都是克服摩擦做功使手的内能增加的；
C、放大镜聚光烤焦纸片是通过热传递使纸的内能增加的； 显然C选项与其它三个选项改变物体内能的方式不同． 故选C． 【点评】本题考查了改变物体内能有两种方式，结合生活实际解决问题． 2．水的比热容比煤油的大．如图，用规格相同的两试管分别装上质量相同的煤油和水，隔着石棉网同时对两试管加热．哪一图线能反映该实验情况（） A．B．C．D． 【考点】比热容． 【难度】易 【分析】比热是物质本身的一种特性，同种物质比热相同，不同物质比热一般不同．水和煤油的比热不同，质量相同，在吸收相同热量时，升高的温度不同；在升高相同温度时，吸收的热量不同． 【解答】解： A、B 用规格相同的两试管分别装上质量相同的煤油和水，放在同一只烧杯中加热，相同时间两种液体吸收的热量相同．A、B图象均错误； C、D 由于水的比热较大，在质量相同、加热时间相同也就是吸收的热量相同时，水温升高的较小．C选项正确，D选项错误． 故选C． 【点评】将物理规律以图象或统计图表的形式呈现，体现了数学学科的基础性和工具性，应
九年级上学期期末考试物理试题（含答案） 第一部分 (共 36 分) 一、 选择题（每小题 3 分） 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题意. 1．如图 1 所示的电器中，属于利用电流热效应工作的是 A ．电脑 B ．电风扇 C ．电熨斗 D ．洗衣机 图 1 2.如图 2 所示的现象中，通过热传递来改变内能的是 A.给冷水加热 B.压缩空气温度升高 C .下滑时臀部发热 D.搓手取暖 图 2 3.如图 3 所示，电路元件及导线连接均完好，闭合开关 S 、S ，则 1 2 A ．L 不能发光，L 能发光 1 2 B ．L 能发光，L 不能发光 1 2 C ．L 、L 都能发光 1 2 D ．L 、L 都不能发光 1 2 4.如图 4 所示的工具中，属于省力杠杆的一组是 图 3 图 4 A ．①② B ．①③ C ．②④ D ．③④ 5.如图 5 所示的四个实例中，机械能正在减小的是 A ．蓄势待发的火箭 B ．水平匀速飞行的飞机 C ．匀速下降的热气球 D ．加速上升的飞艇 图 5
6．如图 6 所示的电路中，闭合开关时，下列说法正确的是 A ． 两灯泡串联 B ．开关只能控制灯 L 1 C ．电流表测的是总电流 D ．电流表测的是灯 L 的电流 2 图 6 7. 下列说法错误的是 A ．电池充电，电能转化为化学能 B.汽油机工作过程中，化学能转化为机械能 C ．用热水袋取暖，内能发生了转移 D ．暖瓶塞被热气弹开，机械能转化为内能 8.如图 7 所示是一个环境温度监控电路原理图。电源电压不变，R 为定值电阻，R 是用 半导体材料制成的热敏电阻，其电阻值会随温度的升高而变小。若环境温度升高，闭 合开关 S 。则 A ．热敏电阻 R 的阻值变大 B ．通过热敏电阻 R 的电流变小 C ．热敏电阻 R 两端电压变大 D ．电压表的示数变大 图 7 9.如图 8 所示电路中，R ∶R ＝1∶2，则加在它们两端的电压之比，及它们消耗的电功率之比是 1 2 A ．U ∶U ＝1∶1 1 2 B ．P ∶P ＝1∶2 1 2 C ．P ∶P ＝1∶4 1 2 D ．P ∶P ＝1∶1 1 2 10.小明用如图 9 所示的滑轮组，将重为 1.5N 的物体匀速提升到一定高度，在此过程 中，手拉力的大小实际应该是 A ．大于 0.75N B ．等于 0.75N C ．小于 0.75N D ．等于 0.5N 图 9 11.下列说法正确的是 A ．把水桶从地面上提起来，提水桶的力没有做功 B.书静止在水平桌面上，书受到的支持 力做了功 C ．推出的铅球在下落过程中，增加的动能是由重力势能转化来的 D ．如果物体通过的路程与所用时间的比值不变，则物体的机械能不变 12.四个悬挂着的带电轻质小球，相互作用情况如图 10 所 示，那么 D 球 A ．带与 A 球不同种的电荷 ．． 图 8
How do you study for a test?单元分析 内容提示 本单元主要内容是学会利用verb十by/with gerund 表示方式方法来讨论学习英语的策略,认识自己在学习方面的长处和不足。初步了解现在完成时的结构和用法。现在完成时由助动词have/has+动词的过去分词构成,主要表示过 去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响或造成的后果,常与already,yet,just,ever,never等副词连用。 教学目标 一、学习目标(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 学会讨论各种学习方法和策略。 2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出适合自己的学习方法。 二、语言结构(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+动名词短语表示“通过…途径,方法” 2. How questions have引导的特殊疑问句 三、目标语言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的? Well , I study by working with my classmates.
哦,我和同学们一起学习。 2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾经参加过学习小组吗? Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,参加过。通过这种方式我学了许多。 3. I don’t have a partner to practice English with . 我没有同伴可以练习英语。 Maybe you should join an English club. 或许,你应该参加一个英语俱乐部。 4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样? Why don’t you join an English language club ? 你为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部呢? 四、重点词汇(Key words and phrases) 1. flashcard n. 抽认卡 2. frustrating a. 令人沮丧的 3. memorize v. 记忆,背诵 4. aloud adv. 出声地、高声地 5. comma n. 逗号 6. pronunciation n. 发音 7. solution n. 解决办法 8. not at all 根本(不) 全然(不)
内蒙古初中物理九年级上学期九月月考试卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、选择题 (共11题；共22分) 1. （2分） (2020八下·昌平期末) 用煤油温度计测量水的温度时，温度计内煤油液面慢慢下降，“煤油液面下降”是因为煤油的（） A . 体积变小 B . 所受重力变小 C . 质量变小 D . 密度变小 2. （2分） (2016九上·绥棱期中) 一块0℃的冰投入到0℃的水里时，周围的气温也是0℃，过一段时间后下面的说法中正确的是（） A . 有些冰熔化成水，使水增多 B . 有些水凝固成冰，使冰增多 C . 冰和水的质量都不变 D . 以上几种情况都可能发生 3. （2分）(2017·黑龙江模拟) 关于如图所示的屋檐下的冰锥的形成，下列说法正确的是（） A . 空气中的水蒸气凝华形成的 B . 空气中的水蒸气液化形成水，水凝固形成的 C . 雪熔化成水，水凝固形成的 D . 冰锥是在极其寒冷的冬季形成的 4. （2分）(2016·海拉尔模拟) 利用干冰（固态二氧化碳）进行人工降雨的主要过程是：干冰在高空中直接变成气体，高空中的水蒸气遇冷直接变成冰晶，冰晶下落时变成雨．以下分析错误的是（） A . 干冰直接变成气体是放热过程 B . 干冰直接变成气体是升华过程 C . 水蒸气直接变成冰晶是凝华过程 D . 冰晶下落时变成雨是吸热过程 5. （2分）(2020·德州) 会估测物理量，是学好物理的基本功之一、对于以下估测你认为与实际情况最接近的是（） A . 健康人的正常体温约为
B . 人正常步行时的速度约为 C . 一只鸡的质量约为 D . 初中生的身高约为 6. （2分）下列数据最接近实际的是（） A . 中考考场的室温约为50℃ B . 物理课本长度约为26cm C . 教室里日光灯正常工作时电流约为0.5A D . 一块橡皮的质量约为200g 7. （2分）(2020·鸡西) 下列估计值最接近实际的是（） A . 我国家庭电路电压是36V B . 人步行的速度约为1.1m/s C . 一支水性笔的长度约为15dm D . 人体正常的体温约为40℃ 8. （2分）下列过程中，通过热传递改变物体内能的是（） A . 钻木取火 B . 锯木头时，锯片发热 C . 卫星进入大气层时外壳发热 D . 热水中放入冰块，水温下降 9. （2分） (2017九上·巴中月考) A、B两物体质量相等，温度均为10℃；甲、乙两杯水质量相等，温度均为50℃．现将A放入甲杯，B放入乙杯，热平衡后甲杯水温降低了4℃，乙杯水温降低了8℃，不考虑热量的损耗，则A、B两物体的比热容之比为（） A . 4：9 B . 3：5 C . 2：3 D . 1：2 10. （2分）关于温度、比热容、热量、内能，以下说法正确的是（） A . 一块0℃的冰没有内能，它的分子不会运动 B . 一个物体吸收了热量，它的温度一定会升高 C . 一个物体温度升高了，它的内能可能增加 D . 用水作为汽车发动机散热器的冷却剂，其主要原因是水的比热容较小 11. （2分） (2018九上·大庆月考) 水的比热容比煤油的大，如图所示，用规格相同的两试管分别装上质量相同的煤油和水，隔着石棉网同时对两试管加热．图中的哪一个图象能反映实验情况（）
人教版九年级单词 Until 1.textbook /?tekstb?k/ n. 教科书；课本I took out my textbook before the teacher came in. 2.conversation /?k?nv??se??n/ n. 交谈；谈话The teacher had a conversation with my mom. 3.aloud /??la?d/ adv. 大声地；出声地We read the textbook aloud in class. The TV is too loud. Don’t speak loudly when your father is working in the room. 4.pronunciation / pr??n?nsi?e??n/ n. 发音；读音I hope to improve my pronunciation. 5.sentence / 'sent?ns/ n. 句子Can you read this sentence for me? 6.patient / 'pe??nt/ adj. 有耐心的n. 病人As a patient, you should be patient. 7.expression /?k'spre?n/ n. 表达（方式）；表示There was a worried expression on her face. be worried about 8.discover / d?'sk?v?(r)/ v. 发现；发觉Who discovered America? 9.secret / 'si:kr?t/ n. 秘密；秘诀adj. 秘密的；保密的I have a secret to tell you. 10.look up （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看I looked up the flight in the timetable. look at________look for_____look over_______look forward to doing________ look through________look after_______ look back__________look about/around_________ look out_________ look into_________ look down________ 11.grammar /?gr?m?(r)/ n. 语法I hate grammar. hate to do sth.______________ 12.repeat / r?'pi:t/ v. 重复；重做All the students repeat after the teacher. 13.note / n??t/ n. 笔记；记录v. 注意；指出You should take notes in class. 14.pal /p?l/n. 朋友；伙伴They talk like old pals. pen pal___________ 15.physics /?f?z?ks/ n. 物理；物理学 16.chemistry / 'kem?str?/ n. 化学I study physics and chemistry at home. 17.memorize / 'mem?ra?z/ v.记忆；记住I hope I can memorize everything you say. 18.pattern / 'p?tn/ n. 模式；方式I have a regular sleeping pattern. 19.pronounce / pr?'na?ns/ v. 发音 20.increase //?n'kri:s/ v. 增加；增长They’ve increased the price by 50%. increase to______________ 21.speed / spi:d/ n. 速度The train travels at a speed of 80 kph. 22.partner / 'pɑ:tn?(r)/ n. 搭档；同伴I have a wonderful partner. 23.born / b?:n/ v.出生adj.天生的 24.be born with 天生具有He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth. 25.ability /?'b?l?t?/ n. 能力；才能She has many different abilities. 26.creat / kr?'e?t / v.创造；创建He created a website for his daughter. 27.brain / bre?n/ n. 大脑Milk is good for your brain. be good at=do well in__________ be good/bad for_________________be good with__________ 28.active /??kt?v/ adj. 活跃的；积极的She is very active in class. 29.attention /??ten?n/ n. 注意；关注Please pay attention to what I am going to say. 30.pay attention to 注意；关注 31.connect / k?'nekt/ v.（使）连接；与??有联系You should connect the computer with the printer. 32.connect … with把??和??连接或联系起来 33.overnight /???v?'na?t/ adv. 一夜之间；在夜间over+night oversleep___________ 34.review / r?'vju:/ v. & n. 回顾；复习We review what we learn at home. 35.knowledge /?n?l?d?/ n. 知识；学问The door to knowledge is study. 36.lifelong /?la?fl?? / adj.终身的；毕生的I believe English will become my lifelong friend. 37.wisely / wa?zl?/ adv. 明智地；聪明地Please use what you have wisely. 第 1 页共1 页
Unit 1How can we become good learners? 1 2 单元话题 Talk about how to study, in this unit, students learn to talk 3 about how to study for a test and give advice to those who have difficulties 4 in studying. 5 单元语法By ＋ sth./doing sth. 6 教学目标 7 1.语言目标：理解重点句子，掌握学习英语的方法。介词by引导的方式状语8 的合理运用。 9 2.技能目标：正确运用动名词谈论学习中的问题。 10 3.情感目标：通过开展角色表演等活动，培养学生阅读兴趣。通过本单元的阅11 读，培养学生的文化意识，陶冶思想情操，让学生树立终身学习的道德素养。 12 13 14 第一课时Section A(1a～2d) 15 自主学习案 16 翻译下列词组。 17 1．通过制作生词卡 ________________________________ 18 2．通过听录音带___________________________________ 19 3．向某人寻求帮助__________________________________ 20 4 大声读来练习发音___________________________________ 21
5．小组合作学习___________________________________ 22 6．和朋友练习对话___________________________________ 23 7．逐个单词___________________________________ 24 8．作报告___________________________________ 25 9．意群___________________________________ 26 10．慢慢来___________________________________ 27 11．口语技能___________________________________ 28 12 英语口语___________________________________ 29 §课堂导学案 30 Step 1 准备与热身(Preparation) 31 Lead-in with a free talk(自由对话导入新课)(2分钟) 32 Greeting with the students：Hello, everyone.Welcome back to school.I'm 33 very happy to see you again.Most of you got good grades last term ! Of 34 course, don't lose your heart if you didn't get good grades. 35 OK.Today, let's talk about how to study for a test and how to learn 36 English well. 37 T: How do you study English? Do you study English by the following ways? 38 (Show some pictures and present the important phrases.) 39 T: How do you study English? 40 S: I study English by ________. 41
初三物理总复习 二 声的世界 一、 声音的产生与传播： 声音的产生：物体的振动； 声音的传播：需要介质（固体、液体、气体），真空不能传声。 在空气中的传播速度为340m/s 。 二、 乐音与噪声 1、 区别：动听悦耳的、有规律的声音称为乐音； 难听刺耳的、没有规律的声音称为噪声。 与情景有关，如动听音乐在扰人清梦时就是噪声。 2、 声音的三大特性：响度、音调、音色。 响度：人耳感觉到的声音的强弱；与 离声源的距离、振幅、传播的集中程度 有 关。 音调：声音的高低；与 声源振动的快慢（频率）有关， 即长短、粗细、松紧有关。（前者音调低，后者音调高） 例：热水瓶充水时的音调会越来越高（声源的长度越来越短） 音色：声音的特色（不同物体发出的声音都不一样）。能认出是哪个人说话或哪种 乐器就是因为音色。 3、 噪声的防治：在声源处、在传播过程中、在人耳处； 三、 超声与次声 1、 可听声：频率在20Hz —20000Hz 之间的声音；（人可以听见） 超声：频率在20000Hz 以上的声音；（人听不见） 次声：频率在20Hz 以下的声音；（人听不见） 2、 超声的特点及其应用 （1） 超声的方向性强：声纳、雷达、探测鱼群、暗礁等 （2） 超声的穿透能力强：超声波诊断仪（B 超） （3） 超声的破碎能力强：超声波清洗仪、提高种子发芽率 四、 与速度公式联合，解题时应依物理情景画出草图。 例：远处开来列车，通过钢轨传到人耳的声音比空气传来的声音早２s ，求火车离此人 多远？（此时声音在钢轨中的传播速度是５２００m/s ） 解1：设火车离此人的距离为S ，则 340S —5200 S =2 解得S=727.6m 解2：设声音通过钢轨传播的时间为t,则通过空气传播的时间为t+2,则依题意有： 340（t+2）=5200t 解得t=0.14s 则火车离此人的距离为S=vt=5200m/s ?0.14s=727.6m 初三物理总复习 三 多彩的光 1、 光的直线传播：光在同种均匀介质中沿直线传播。 例：日食、月食、手影、小孔成像（树下的光斑）等 光在真空中的传播速度为3?108m/s ，
Unit 11 Sad movies make me sad. Section A（1a-1c）说课稿 各位老师好： 今天我说课的内容是人教版新目标英语九年级全一册册第十一单元Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.的第一课时Section A 1a-1c的教学内容。我说课的流程依次是：说教材、说学情、说教法、说学法、说教学过程、说板书设计. 一．说教材 （一）教材的内容,地位和作用 本单元围绕“Sad movies make me sad”为中心话题，学习和运用make作为使役动词的make sb +do 和make sb + adj的语言结构.让学生能够描述和谈论不同事物对自己情绪的影响. 要学习的内容与学生们的生活息息相关.其实在初一和初二时对make的结构已经提到过, 本单元是对make 这一结构第一次全面详尽系统的讲授,故学生对本单元没有太大的陌生感.在今天说课的第一课时section (1a-1c)里, 包括三个板块.其中1a 呈现了两幅关于风格迥异的两家餐馆的主题图片,要求学生观察图片,用所学语言知识谈谈餐馆给自己的感觉.活动1b通过听力需要学生听辨出用于描述事物和表达情感的形容词, 用听得形式再次熟悉make这一功能句.1c提供了简短的对话示范,要求学生结合主题图和听力内容完成对本课词汇和功能句的语言输出。这些教学板块将帮助学生充分熟悉,训练并掌握本课的教学内容. （二）说教学目标 教学是为了让学生学到知识，学到能力，培养多方面的情感，让学生在原有的基础上有所提高，有所发展，因此根据新课程标准提出的“三维目标”，为了实现学生的全面发展，注重学生在品德、才智、审美等方面的发展，我把本课的教学目标确定为以下三个方面： 1.知识目标：掌握表达情绪和感受的形容词，动词 uncomfortable , nervous, sleepy,cry, relax , 掌握 would rather do 宁愿做..... 这一词组. 掌握 make sb do和 make sb adj 这一功能句。 .. 2.能力目标：能够进一步用所学的目标语言进行口头交际及分角色表演对话，提高学 生语言表达能力。 通过听力训练提高学生听的能力. 3.情感目标：提高学生参与集体活动的积极性和主动性，培养学生的主体参与意识 和合作交流能力。 二、教学重难点分析 通过对教材和教学大纲的研读,确立了以下重难点. 教学重点:掌握重点词汇和make sb do 和make sb adj这一功能句的结构和用法。 教学难点：让学生能正确熟练的运用make sb do 和 make sb adj自己的情绪. 三、说学情 授课的学生是九年级的学生, 通过两年的英语学习,他们已经有了一定的英语英语基 础和听说能力,基本语法知识已构建完成,对知识已经具备一定的分析,总结,归纳的能力,
初中物理九年级上学期期末考试知识点全汇总 一、内能 1、分子动理论的基本内容 2、比热容：1kg的某种物质，温度上升1℃吸收的热量，叫做这种物质的比热容。用符号c表示。 （1）比热容是表示吸热能力的物理量。 （2）比热容是物质的一种特性，它只和物体的种类和 状态有关。 （3）比热容的单位：焦/（千克·摄氏度），符号：J/(kg·℃)。 （4）利用水的比热容大，可用水做冷却剂和取暖剂调 节气候等。 3、热量计算公式。 （1）吸热公式：Q吸=cm(t-t0) 其中c表示这种物质的比热容，t表示末温，t0表示初温，t-t0表示物体升高的温度，用△t表示t-t0，则Q吸=cm△t 。 （2）放热公式：Q放=cm(t0-t) 其中t0-t表示物体降低的温度，用△t表示t0-t， 则Q放=cm△t 。 二、改变世界的热机 （1）内燃机在汽缸内燃烧汽油或柴油。大多数汽车里
的内燃机是燃烧汽油的，也叫汽油机。 （2）汽油机的构造：排气门、进气门、火花塞、汽缸、活塞、连杠、曲轴。 （3）汽油机的工作原理：活塞从汽缸的一端运动到另 一端的过程，叫做一个冲程。 汽油机有吸气、压缩、做功、排气四个冲程、吸气冲程：进气门打开，排气门关闭，活塞向外运动， 汽油和空气的混合物进入气缸。 压缩冲程：进气门和排气门都关闭，活塞向内运动，燃 料混合物被压缩。 做功冲程：在压缩冲程结束时，火花塞产生电火花，使 燃料猛烈燃烧，产生高温高压的气体。高温高压的气体推动 活塞向外运动，带动曲轴转动，对外做功。 排气冲程：进气门关闭，排气门打开，活塞向内运动， 把废气排出汽缸。 四冲程内燃机的一个循环包括四个冲程，活塞往复两 次，曲轴转两圈，飞轮转两四圈,做功一次。 （4）汽油机和柴油机的区别： ①柴油机与汽油机的相同点：都是内燃机（都是燃料 在汽缸中燃烧，将内能转化为机械能的机器）；汽油机的火花塞与柴油机的喷油嘴的工作时刻都是在压缩冲程末；一个 工作循环都要经历四个冲程（曲轴和飞轮转两周，对外做功
2020年春人教新目标英语九年级英语 Unit1 How can we become good learners? 短语归纳 1.work with friends和朋友一起学习 2.listen to tapes听磁带 3.ask the teacher for help向老师求助 4. have conversations with与…交谈/会话 5. study for a test备考 6.read aloud大声读 7. word by word一字一字地，逐字地8. at first起初，起先9.the secret to……的秘诀 10.speaking skills口语技巧11.spoken English英语口语12.a little有点儿13.give a report作报告14.so…that…如此…以至于…15.so that以便，为了16.fall in love with爱上…17.as well也18.something interesting有趣的事情19.instead of代替，而不是20. because of因为21.take notes记笔记22.the meaning of……的意思23.how often多久一次24.make mistakes犯错误25.a lot of许多26. get bored感到无聊/厌烦27. think about考虑28.even if即使，尽管29.be afraid of害怕30. look up查阅，抬头看31.each other互相，彼此32.find out找出，查明33. look for寻找34.be born with天生具有35.the ability to do sth做某事的能力36.depend on依靠，依赖，视…而定37.learning habits学习习惯38.be interested in对…感兴趣39.pay attention to注意，关注40.worry about担心，担忧41. be good at(doing)sth擅长(做)某事42. for example例如 43.connect…with…把…和…联系起来44.do exercise做运动45.do exercises做练习 46.at a/the speed of…以…的速度 句型归纳： 1、by doing sth通过做某事例：I learn by doing exercises.我通过做练习学习。 2、finish doing sth完成某事例：Have you finished cooking?你做完饭了吗？ 3、try to do sth尽力做某事例：I try to learn English well.我尽力学好英语。 4、try doing sth尝试做某事例：She try listening to music.她尝试听音乐。 5、help sb(to)do sth帮助某人做某事例：He helped the old man(to) across the road.他帮助这个老人过马路。 6、What about doing sth?=How about doing sth?做某事怎么样？ 例：What about having a rest?=How about having a rest?休息一下怎么样? 7、begin to do sth开始做某事例：She began to smile.她开始微笑。 8、practice doing sth练习做某事例：He is practicing playing the drums.他正在练习打鼓。 9、keep doing sth一直做某事例：They keep laughing all the time.他们一直在大笑。 10. need to do sth需要做某事例：I need to tell you what I know.我需要告诉你我所知道的。 11、It is+adj+for sb+to do sth对某人而言，做某事是…的 例：It is important for him to make money.对他而言，挣钱是很重要的。 12、find it+adj+to do sth发现做某事…例：I find it very interesting to learn Chinese.我发现学语文很有趣。
人教版物理九年级上册知识点汇总 第十三章热和能 第一节分子热运动 1、扩散现象： 定义：不同物质在相互接触时，彼此进入对方的现象。 扩散现象说明：①一切物质的分子都在不停地做无规则的运动；②分子之间有间隙。 固体、液体、气体都可以发生扩散现象，只是扩散的快慢不同，气体间扩散速度最快，固体间扩散速度最慢。 汽化、升华等物态变化过程也属于扩散现象。 扩散速度与温度有关，温度越高，分子无规则运动越剧烈，扩散越快。 由于分子的运动跟温度有关，所以这种无规则运动叫做分子的热运动。 2、分子间的作用力： 分子间相互作用的引力和斥力是同时存在的。 ①当分子间距离等于r0（r0=10-10m）时，分子间引力和斥力相等，合力为0，对外不显 力； ②当分子间距离减小，小于r0时，分子间引力和斥力都增大，但斥力增大得更快，斥 力大于引力，分子间作用力表现为斥力； ③当分子间距离增大，大于r0时，分子间引力和斥力都减小，但斥力减小得更快，引 力大于斥力，分子间作用力表现为引力； ④当分子间距离继续增大，分子间作用力继续减小，当分子间距离大于10 r0时，分子 间作用力就变得十分微弱，可以忽略了。 第二节内能 1、内能： 定义：物体内部所有分子热运动的动能与分子势能的总和，叫做物体的内能。 任何物体在任何情况下都有内能。 内能的单位为焦耳（J）。 内能具有不可测量性。 2、影响物体内能大小的因素： ①温度：在物体的质量、材料、状态相同时，物体的温度升高，内能增大，温度降低，内能减小；反之，物体的内能增大，温度却不一定升高（例如晶体在熔化的过程中要不断吸热，内能增大，而温度却保持不变），内能减小，温度也不一定降低（例如晶体在凝固的过程中要不断放热，内能减小，而温度却保持不变）。 ②质量：在物体的温度、材料、状态相同时，物体的质量越大，物体的内能越大。 ③材料：在温度、质量和状态相同时，物体的材料不同，物体的内能可能不同。 ④存在状态：在物体的温度、材料质量相同时，物体存在的状态不同时，物体的内能也可能不同。 3、改变物体内能的方法：做功和热传递。 ①做功： 做功可以改变内能：对物体做功物体内能会增加（将机械能转化为内能）。 物体对外做功物体内能会减少（将内能转化为机械能）。 做功改变内能的实质：内能和其他形式的能（主要是机械能）的相互转化的过程。
安徽省滁州市定远县英华中学九年级（上）段考物理试卷 一、填空题（每空1分，共计23分） 1．如图所示，将一根塑料绳一端扎紧，把绳尽可能撕成更多的细丝，用手从上向下捋几下，可以看到细丝分开，这是因为． 2．甲、乙、丙、丁四个带电小球，若甲排斥乙，乙吸引丙，丙吸引丁，已知甲带正电，那么丁带电． 3．有A、B、C三个带电小球，如果小球A带正电，小球C吸引小球B，小球B排斥小球A，那么小球B带电；小球C带电．（填“正”或“负”）． 4．取两个相同的验电器A和B，使A带负电，B不带电．可以看到A的金属箔张开，B的金属箔闭合．用带绝缘柄的金属棒将A和B上的两金属球连接起来，则A、B金属箔张角的变化情况是，这一瞬间形成的电流方向是． 5．如图所示是一把既能吹冷风，又能吹热风的电吹风的简化电路，图中A是吹风机，B是电热丝．将插头插入插座，若只闭合开关S l，电吹风吹出的是风；若将开关S l、S2都闭合，电吹风吹出的是风．（热/冷） 6．如图所示，通过灯L1、L2、L3的电流分别为0.1A，0.2A，0.3A，则电流表A1的示数为A，A2的示数为A．
7．如图所示的电路，若要闭合开关S后L1和L2两灯并联，则a表是表，b表是 表． 8．小明按图甲所示的电路进行实验，当闭合开关用电器正常工作时，电压表V1和V2的指针位置完全一样，如图乙所示，则L2两端的电压为V，L1两端的电压为V． 9．将一根镍铬合金丝均匀拉长接入电路，其电阻将；若将这根镍铬合金丝对折后接入电路，其电阻将．（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”） 10．如图所示的是插入式电阻箱的结构示意图．它的最大电阻值是Ω，图中A、B两个接线柱之间的电阻值是Ω． 11．如图所示电路中，电流表A1与A2指针指示的位置均为右图，则电流表A1所使用的量程为，读数是；电流表A2所使用的量程是，读数是，灯L1电流是． 二、选择题（每空3分，共21分） 12．关于如图的电路，下面判断错误的是（） A．要使两灯串联，只闭合S2开关 B．要使两灯并联，只闭合S1、S3开关 C．三个开关全闭合，电路造成短路 D．只闭合S2、S3开关，L1会被短路
第周年月日星期第节 课题Unit1.How can we become good learners?Period 1讲授人喻正方 教学目标知识与技能Be able to pronounce and master the new words and phrases in this unit. 过程与方法Audio-lingual methods. 情感态度价值观 1. Educate the students to learn how to learn and find right ways of learning English. 2. Overcome the difficulties and make great progress. 教学重点Master the new words and phrases. 教学难点To develop the students’ abilities in reading and using the new words.课标要求Talk about how to study 教学准备mufti-media, tape 课时安排1．Section A1 2. Section A2 3. Section A3 4．Section B1 5. Section B2 6.Section B 3 教学过程 备注 教师活动学生活动Step1. Leading in: 1. The teacher and the students greet each other. 2. English song every week. Step2. Presentation: 1.The teacher checks the students’ first preview work. 2.The teacher leads the students to classify the new words in this unit. 3.The teacher offers any help if necessary. Step3. Practice: The teacher gives any help as the students do group works or they present their findings. Step4. Consolidation: Finish off the exercises on PPT. Step5. Homework: 1.All the students sing an English song together. They try to use different ways to show their singing 2.The students read the new words loudly in order to make teacher check their pronunciation. 3.Do groups works to classify the new words in this unit. n. flashcard, vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, mistake, comma, challenge, solution, secret, learner, term, trouble, essay, duty, friendship, disagreement, development, adult, soldier, psychologist. v. memorize, frustrate, add, pronounce, realize, matter, impress, deal, solve, regard, influence, lose, face. adj. specific, frustrating, spoken, afraid, complete, soft, unfair, unimportant. Adv. aloud, differently, quickly, slowly, fast. Phrases make mistakes, later on, it doesn’t matter, be afraid to , laugh at, take notes, look up, make up, deal with,
一、温度 1、定义：温度表示物体的冷热程度。 2、单位： ①国际单位制中采用热力学温度。 ②常用单位是摄氏度（℃）规定：在一个标准大气压下冰水混合物的温度为0度，沸水的温度为100度，它们之间分成100等份，每一等份叫1摄氏度某地气温-3℃读做：零下3摄氏度或负3摄氏度 ③换算关系T=t + 273K 3、测量——温度计（常用液体温度计） 温度计的原理：利用液体的热胀冷缩进行工作。 分类及比较： 分类实验用温度计寒暑表体温计 用途测物体温度测室温测体温 量程-20℃～110℃-30℃～50℃35℃～42℃ 分度值1℃1℃0.1℃ 所用液体水银煤油（红）酒精（红）水银 特殊构造玻璃泡上方有缩口 使用方法使用时不能甩，测物体时不能离开物体读数使用前甩可离开人体读数常用温度计的使用方法： 使用前：观察它的量程，判断是否适合待测物体的温度；并认清温度计的分度值，以便准确读数。使用时：温度计的玻璃泡全部浸入被测液体中，不要碰到容器底或容器壁；温度计玻璃泡浸入被测液体中稍候一会儿，待温度计的示数稳定后再读数；读数时玻璃泡要继续留在被测液体中，视线与温度计中液柱的上表面相平。 二、物态变化 填物态变化的名称及吸热放热情况： 1、熔化和凝固 ①熔化： 定义：物体从固态变成液态叫熔化。 晶体物质：海波、冰、石英水晶、非晶体物质：松香、石蜡玻璃、沥青、蜂蜡食盐、明矾、奈、各种金属 熔化图象： ②凝固： 定义：物质从液态变成固态叫凝固。 凝固图象： 2、汽化和液化： ①汽化： 定义：物质从液态变为气态叫汽化。 定义：液体在任何温度下都能发生的，并且只在液体表面发生的汽化现象叫蒸发。
影响因素：⑴液体的温度；⑵液体的表面积⑶液体表面空气的流动。 作用：蒸发吸热（吸外界或自身的热量），具有制冷作用。 定义：在一定温度下，在液体内部和表面同时发生的剧烈的汽化现象。 沸点：液体沸腾时的温度。 沸腾条件：⑴达到沸点。⑵继续吸热 沸点与气压的关系：一切液体的沸点都是气压减小时降低，气压增大时升高 ②液化：定义：物质从气态变为液态叫液化。 方法：⑴降低温度；⑵压缩体积。 3、升华和凝华： ①升华定义：物质从固态直接变成气态的过程，吸热，易升华的物质有：碘、冰、干冰、樟脑、钨。 ②凝华定义：物质从气态直接变成固态的过程，放热 第五章《电流和电路》复习提纲 一、电流 1、形成：电荷的定向移动形成电流 2、方向的规定:把正电荷移动的方向规定为电流的方向。 3、获得持续电流的条件： 电路中有电源电路为通路 4、电流的三种效应。 (1) 、电流的热效应。(2)、电流的磁效应。(3)、电流的化学效应。 5、单位：(1)、国际单位：A (2)、常用单位：mA 、μA (3)、换算关系：1A=1000mA 1mA=1000μA 6、测量： (1)、仪器：电流表， (2)、方法： ①电流表要串联在电路中； ②电流要从电流表的正接线柱流入，负接线柱流出，否则指针反偏。 ③被测电流不要超过电流表的最大测量值。 ④绝对不允许不经用电器直接把电流表连到电源两极上，原因电流表相当于一根导线。 三、导体和绝缘体： 1、导体：定义：容易导电的物体。 常见材料：金属、石墨、人体、大地、酸碱盐溶液 导电原因：导体中有大量的可自由移动的电荷 2、绝缘体：定义：不容易导电的物体。 常见材料：橡胶、玻璃、陶瓷、塑料、油等。 不易导电的原因：几乎没有自由移动的电荷。 3、导体和绝缘体之间并没有绝对的界限，在一定条件下可相互转化。一定条件下，绝缘体也可变为导体。 四、电路 1、组成：