工学论文
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◇◆ 王子娜、周杏子、曾红胜、夏尔冬◆◇
核桃粕发酵饮料预实验(2)
一、顺利完成核桃粕发酵饮料的基本制作流程,发酵后的核桃乳放冰箱中冷藏,为测定指标待用
二、通过预实验后工艺过程有所修改
核桃粕→筛选→预处理→磨(打)浆→过滤→前调配→杀菌→冷却→接种→发酵→澄清、过滤→后调配→均质→冷却→灌装→成品
操作要点:
1.筛选
2.预处理:
去皮:采用碱液去皮法,在90~100℃,1%的NaOH溶液中烫漂2.5~3分钟后,立即冷却,用清水反复漂洗并手工去皮。
3.磨(打)浆:林业楼117搅拌机 之后 生物楼206高剪切乳化机
4.过滤:将磨浆后的浆液用100目的滤布过滤3至4次,进行浆渣分离,即制得核桃乳。
5.前调配:白砂糖 7%,增加乳酸菌发酵糖源。
6.杀菌:采用巴氏灭菌法,将均质后的核桃乳在水浴锅中60℃~65℃下灭菌3Omin,备用。
7.发酵:杀菌后迅速冷却40℃左右,接种量3%,发酵温度发酵温度为40℃,发酵时间为8h,酸度达到77²8°T时终止发酵。
8.澄清、过滤:核桃粕中的脂肪含量过多,发酵过后脂肪上浮现象严重,也有未添加稳定剂和未均质的原因。用澄清方式(如何操作的?)去除脂肪层,而后再过滤一次
9.后调配:黄原胶0²09%,CMC-Na 0²09%,单甘酯0²20%,蔗糖酯0²10%与核桃乳混合搅拌均匀。
10.均质:于20MPa~30MPa下高压均质两次。由于实验室没有小型均质机,故不要这一步,可以由生物楼206高剪切乳化机代替。
三、 去实验室学习凯氏定氮法测蛋白质含量
四、计划确定基本测定指标后,用预实验样品联系测定法方法,以及分析测定数据。
实验步骤写得很详细,很好!
后面需要检测哪些活性指标,也可以列出来考虑一下。
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◇◆ 苗苗组 ◆◇
1.完成抗氧化实验剩余的部分,并作数据结果分析。(见附录1)
2.设计提取的正交试验(见附录2)
3. 完善论文(更新内容见附录3)
4. 抗血栓实验结果分析 3
附录1 抗氧化实验数据结果
Table 2 The relation of the concentration of Vitamin C/GLA and the
ratio of scavenging DPPH
(Scavenging ratio=(Asample-Ablank)/Ablank*100%)
Concentration of VC
(mg/L) Inhibition ratio
(%) Concentration of GLA
(mg/L) Inhibition ratio (%)
100 13.18 0.1 0.22
200 24.28 1 1.45
400 58.96 10 2.12
600 72.02 100 3.45
800 91.33 1000 4.46
这几个表中的结果值都需要以mean ± SE表示。
一般统计方法中都会说以下类似的话:Measurements were performed in
triplicate 三次或多次and expressed as mean ± SD或± SE,即± standard deviation
或±standard error。
也就是说,试验要重复(严格地说是多个样本分别检测,而不是同一个样本检测多次),结果值须以平均值±标准差或标准误差表示,以表现出统计学意义。
SE相对于SD来说更表现出检测手段的结果精确度(The standard error of a
method of measurement or estimation is the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution associated with the estimation method.)。
Table 3 Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of various concentrations
(Inhibition ratio=[As-Au]/[Au-Am]*100%)
Concentration of
VC
(mg/L) Inhibition ratio
(%) Concentration of GLA
(mg/L) Inhibition ratio
(%)
50 13.84 0.001 4.72
100 23.13 0.01 6.19
200 32.90 0.1 8.47
400 49.67 1 9.45 4 800 63.68 10 9.93
Table 4 lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of various concentrations
(Inhibition ratio = ( Ac-As/Ac) x100%)
Concentration of
VC
(mg/L) Inhibition ratio
(%) Concentration of
GLA
(mg/L) Inhibition ratio (%)
10 23.61 0.001 7.46
50 28.36 0.01 15.13
100 46.05 0.1 24.93
500 68.49 1 36.11
1000 81.73 10 47.67
Fig.4 The inhibition of 10mg/L GLA and 100mg/L VC in different situations
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附录2 单因素实验初筛结果
物料比 (w/v) gla/DB (wt %)
1:8 0.62
1:10 0.65
1:12 0.69
1:15 0.70
1:18 0.72
提取时间 (min) gla/DB (wt %) 溶料比 (w/v)
30 0.65 1:12
60 0.63 1:12
90 0.69 1:12
120 0.70 1:12
150 0.72 1:12
提取温度 (℃) gla/DB (wt %) 物料比 (w/v) 提取时间 (min)
30 0.23 1:12 90
40 0.33 1:12 90
50 0.37 1:12 90
60 0.67 1:12 90
70 0.83 1:12 90
80 0.45 1:12
90
正交设计试验方案
3因素3水平
水平 因素
提取料溶比 提取时间(min) 提取温度(℃)
A B C
1 1:10 60 60
2 1:12 90 70 6 3 1:15 120 80
料液比的间隔不能取成一样吗?
利用正交表)3(49L安排试验
4:正交表列数(最多可安排的因素数)
3:因素的水平数
9:正交表行数(试验次数)
处理号 A B C 空 GLA提取率(%)
1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2 2
3 1 3 3 3
4 2 1 2 3
5 2 2 3 1
6 2 3 1 2
7 3 1 3 2
8 3 2 1 3
9 3 3 2 1
7 附录3 论文intro部分
这一部分改得很好,体现了逻辑思路。结果和讨论部分类似,按照论述逻辑引用恰当的别人结果或论点来比较、支持自己的结果或论点。
具体修改待你们最后论文统一、完善后从头修改。
文中的引用及参考文献列表须严格按照相应杂志要求撰写。
γ--linolenic acid (GLA) is one of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in human
metabolism and a precursor of prostaglandin E1, which is not synthesized by humans but must be
consumed in diet. According to the recent study of Yang-Yi Fan (1998), dietary GLA increased the
content of its elongate products, such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic (AA),
and then converted to one particular type of prostaglandin E1. Such processes are of signification
because all these compounds possess many pharmacological applications. It has been reported that
GLA has a special value for reduction of low-density lipoprotein in hyper-cholesterolemic patients
by Ishikawa in 1989. It also exhibited antiviral action studied by Naidu qr Ziboh in 1992. Besides,
other beneficial medical values such as anti-diabetics (Cameron, et al., 1996), anti-lipid
peroxidation (ZHAO Peng, et al., 2004), anti-thrombus (Kernoff, et al., 1977)) activities have also
been asserted recent years. The traditional sources of GLA are many vegetable seeds such as
evening primrose and borage oil. It also found in considerable quantities in algae (De et al., 1999.)
and Mucorales fungal (Gandhi et al., 1991).
Spirulina platensis (SP) has been well recognized as a healthy food universally for producing
large variety of nutritional compositions, such as phycocyanin, vitamins and minerals.
Particularly , as the only natural autotroph rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (Manabe, 1992), the
γ-linolenic acid (GLA) content in SP is up to 8%-25% of total fatty acid (Cohen, 1993), which is