2015考研英语二阅读真题：Text1

2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解）Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网/all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home？[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”（Line 4，Para 4）most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating新祥旭官网/[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。

2015年英语二text1翻译
（最新版）
目录
1.2015 年英语二 text1 的主要内容概述
2.文章的结构和主题
3.文章的价值观和启示
正文
2015 年英语二 text1 是一篇关于人类行为和心理的翻译文章。

文章主要探讨了人类对于自身行为的认知和理解，以及行为背后所隐藏的心理机制。

文章首先介绍了人类行为的多样性和复杂性，指出人类行为不仅仅是表面上的动作，更是内在心理活动的外在表现。

接着，文章通过实例分析，揭示了人类行为背后的心理机制，包括动机、情绪、认知等多方面因素。

在此基础上，文章进一步探讨了如何理解和解释人类行为，提出了从动机、情绪、认知等多角度进行分析的方法。

在文章的第二部分，作者引入了心理学中的“自我认知”概念，并通
过实验案例，说明了自我认知对人类行为的重要影响。

文章指出，自我认知是人类行为的重要驱动力，同时也是理解和解释人类行为的关键因素。

在此基础上，文章进一步探讨了如何通过自我认知来理解和改变人类行为。

总的来说，2015 年英语二 text1 是一篇深入探讨人类行为和心理的文章，不仅揭示了人类行为背后的心理机制，还提出了理解和解释人类行为的方法。

第1页共1页。

Section II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, dies the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inheritedwealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-healed) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21、According to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span_____.ed to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals正确答案是：C22、Monarchs are kept as head of state in European mostly_____.A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment正确答案是：A23、Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?_____.A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.正确答案是：C24、The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles_____.A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.正确答案是：B25、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____.A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne正确答案是：BText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26、The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.A.search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B.check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.正确答案是：B27、The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_____.A.tolerance.B.indifference.C.disapproval.D.cautiousness.正确答案是：C28、The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to_____.A.getting into one's residence.B.handing one's historical records.C.scanning one's correspondences.D.going through one's wallet.正确答案是：A29、In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_____.A.principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B.the court is giving police less room for action.C.phones are used to store sensitive information.D.citizens’privacy is not effective protected.正确答案是：D30、Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that_____.A.the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.B.New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.C.California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.D.Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.正确答案是：BText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings."Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal," writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:"The creation of the 'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statisticsand data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that_____.A.Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.B.journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C.few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.ck of data analysis is common in research projects.正确答案是：B32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to_____.A.found.B.revised.C.markedD.stored正确答案是：C33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may_____.A.pose a threat to all its peersB.meet with strong oppositionC.increase Science's circulation.D.set an example for other journals正确答案是：D34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now_____.A.adds to researchers’workload.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.正确答案是：C35、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science正确答案是：AText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions". Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market. But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of theastonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms. Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36、According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_____.A.the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.panies' financial loss due to immoral practicesernmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.D.the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.正确答案是：A37、It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.A.Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.B.more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C.Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D.phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.正确答案是：B38、The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence_____.A.revealed a cunning personality.B.centered on trivial issues.C.was hardly convincing.D.was part of a conspiracy.正确答案是：C39、The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows_____.A.generally distorted values.B.unfair wealth distribution.C.a marginalized lifestyle.D.a rigid moral code.正确答案是：A40、Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?_____A.The quality of writings is of primary importance.mon humanity is central to news reporting.C.Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D.Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.正确答案是：CSection II Reading Comprehension Part BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, dies the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-healed) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both anexpensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21、According to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span_____.ed to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals正确答案是：C22、Monarchs are kept as head of state in European mostly_____.A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment正确答案是：A23、Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?_____.A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.正确答案是：C24、The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles_____.A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.正确答案是：B25、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____.A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne正确答案是：BText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passengercar then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26、The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.A.search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B.check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.正确答案是：B27、The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_____.A.tolerance.B.indifference.C.disapproval.D.cautiousness.正确答案是：C28、The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to_____.A.getting into one's residence.B.handing one's historical records.C.scanning one's correspondences.D.going through one's wallet.正确答案是：A29、In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_____.A.principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B.the court is giving police less room for action.C.phones are used to store sensitive information.D.citizens’privacy is not effective protected.正确答案是：D30、Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that_____.A.the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.B.New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.C.California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.D.Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.正确答案是：BText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings."Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal," writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:"The creation of the 'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that_____.A.Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.B.journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C.few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.ck of data analysis is common in research projects.正确答案是：B32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to_____.A.found.B.revised.C.markedD.stored正确答案是：C33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may_____.A.pose a threat to all its peersB.meet with strong oppositionC.increase Science's circulation.D.set an example for other journals正确答案是：D34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now_____.A.adds to researchers’workload.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.正确答案是：C35、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science正确答案是：AText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions". Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market. But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moralpurpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking. As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the。

2015考研英语II真题与答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 undergroundIt's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'II be 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare答案：1. signal2. Much3. plugged4. message5. behind6. misinterpreted7. judged8. unfamiliar9. anxious 10. turn11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact19. since 20. simpleSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge."Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. "it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work," Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they' re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home___________[A]was an un realistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the factthay___________[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____________[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded答案：21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.B childless husbands23.A they are both bread winners and housewives24.C earnings25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievementgap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the'rules of the game，'and takeadvantage of college resou rces," they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges anduniversities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students' like them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original pu rpose[D]depressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[C]are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that--[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question答案：26.C missed its original purpose27.A the problem is solvable28.C are in need of financial support29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，"the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，" said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples."If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were ives，but we didn't talk about energy；we didn't talk about passion."Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very "team"-oriented-and not by coincidence."Let's not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious；it's the idea that I'm a coach，and you're my team，and we're in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win".These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm."You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，"saidKhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The "mommy wars" of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still can'thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundariesbetween the office and the home But ifyour work is your "passion," you'II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，"You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it." In a workplace that's fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become________[A]more e motional[B]more ive[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32."team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to________[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aimsto________[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_________[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept it答案：31.A more emotional32.C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35.C companies find it to be fundamentalText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the referenceweek. If the answer is "yes."they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had nochoice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven' t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare's trouble答案：36.B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs37.C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38.B shows a general tendency of decline39.B employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance40.A employment in the USPart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]You are not alone[B]Experience helps you grow[C]Pave your own unique path[D]Most of your fears are unreal[E]Think about the present moment[F]Don’t fear responsibility for your life[G]There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, romantic relationship or a house .Hard times may hold you down at whatusually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these o ld truths I’ve learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a pr oduct of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42.If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43.Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44.No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining ivity from external sources. This way you devalue youropinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, thinkyour own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.答案：41.D Most of your fears are unreal42.E Think about the resent moment43.G There are many things to be grateful for44.A you are not alone45.C Pave your own unique pathSection Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.参考译文：想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。

Section II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections: Directions: Read Read Read the the the following following following four four four texts. texts. texts. Answer Answer Answer the the the questions questions questions below below below each each each text text text by by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections Euro-elections have have have forced forced forced him him him to to to eat eat eat his his his words words words and and and stand stand stand down. down. down. So, So, So, dies dies dies the the the Spanish Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their their absolutist absolutist absolutist counterparts counterparts counterparts in in in the the the Gulf Gulf Gulf and and and Asia, Asia, Asia, most most most royal royal royal families families families have have have survived survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern modern democratic democratic democratic families families families should should should still still still be be be the the the symbolic symbolic symbolic heart heart heart of of of modern modern modern democratic democratic states. states. The The The most most most successful successful successful monarchies monarchies monarchies strive strive strive to to to abandon abandon abandon or or or hide hide hide their their their old old old aristocratic aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While While Europe's Europe's Europe's monarchies monarchies monarchies will will will no no no doubt doubt doubt be be be smart smart smart enough enough enough to to to strive strive strive for for for some some some time time time to to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if (if well-healed) well-healed) well-healed) granny granny granny style. style. style. The The The danger danger danger will will will come come come with with with Charles, Charles, Charles, who who who has has has both both both an an expensive taste of l ifestyle lifestyle lifestyle and and and a a a pretty hierarchical pretty hierarchical view of the w orld. world. world. He has He has failed failed to to understand understand that that that monarchies monarchies monarchies have have have largely largely largely survived survived survived because because because they they they provide provide provide a a a service service —as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21、According to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span_____.ed to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals正确答案是：C22、Monarchs are kept as head of state in European mostly_____.A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment正确答案是：A23、Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?_____.A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.正确答案是：C24、The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles_____.A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.正确答案是：B25、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____.A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne正确答案是：BText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets upsets the the the old old old assumptions assumptions assumptions that that that authorities authorities authorities may may may search search search through through through the the the possessions possessions possessions of of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The The court court court would would would be be be recklessly recklessly recklessly modest modest modest if if if it it it followed followed followed California's California's California's advice. advice. advice. Enough Enough Enough of of of the the implications implications are are are discernable, discernable, discernable, even even even obvious, obvious, obvious, so so so that that that the the the justice justice justice can can can and and and should should should provide provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent recent correspondence. correspondence. correspondence. The The The development development development of of of "cloud "cloud "cloud computing." computing." computing." meanwhile, meanwhile, meanwhile, has has has made made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26、The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.A.search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B.check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.正确答案是：B27、The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_____.A.tolerance.B.indifference.C.disapproval.D.cautiousness.正确答案是：C28、The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to_____.A.getting into one's residence.B.handing one's historical records.C.scanning one's correspondences.D.going through one's wallet.正确答案是：A29、In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that_____.A.principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B.the court is giving police less room for action.C.phones are used to store sensitive information.D.citizens’privacy is not effective protected.正确答案是：D30、Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that_____.A.the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.B.New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.C.California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.D.Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.正确答案是：BText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief editor-in-chief Marcia Marcia Marcia McNutt McNutt McNutt announced announced announced today. today. today. The The The policy policy policy follows follows follows similar similar similar efforts efforts efforts from from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings."Readers "Readers must must must have have have confidence confidence confidence in in in the the the conclusions conclusions conclusions published published published in in in our our our journal," journal," journal," writes writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:"The creation of the 'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis i n in in scientific research and scientific research and i s part of Science's is part of Science's overall overall drive to drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role." He agreed to to join join join because because because he he he "found "found "found the the the foresight foresight foresight behind behind behind the the the establishment establishment establishment of of of the the the SBoRE SBoRE SBoRE to to to be be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that_____. A.Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.B.journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C.few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.ck of data analysis is common in research projects. 正确答案是：B32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to_____. A.found.B.revised.C.markedD.stored正确答案是：C33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may_____.A.pose a threat to all its peersB.meet with strong oppositionC.increase Science's circulation.D.set an example for other journals正确答案是：D34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now_____.A.adds to researchers’workload.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.正确答案是：C35、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science正确答案是：AText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions". Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market. But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”. Driving Driving her her her point point point home, home, home, she she she continued: continued: continued: "It's "It's "It's increasingly increasingly increasingly apparent apparent apparent that that that the the the absence absence absence of of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the the most most most dangerous dangerous dangerous goals goals goals for for for capitalism capitalism capitalism and and and freedom." freedom." freedom." This This This same same same absence absence absence of of of moral moral purpose purpose was was was wounding wounding wounding companies companies companies such such such as as as News News News International, International, International, she she she thought, thought, thought, making making making it it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As As the the the hacking hacking hacking trial trial trial concludes concludes —finding finding guilty guilty guilty one one one ex-editor ex-editor ex-editor of of of the the the News News News of of of the the the World, World, Andy Andy Coulson, Coulson, Coulson, for for for conspiring conspiring conspiring to to to hack hack hack phones, phones, phones, and and and finding finding finding his his his predecessor, predecessor, predecessor, Rebekah Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread widespread phone phone phone hacking hacking hacking but but but the the the terms terms terms on on on which which which the the the trial trial trial took took took place. place. place. One One One of of of the the astonishing astonishing revelations revelations revelations was was was how how how little little little Rebekah Rebekah Rebekah Brooks Brooks Brooks knew knew knew of of of what what what went went went on on on in in in her her newsroom, newsroom, how how how little little little she she she thought thought thought to to to ask ask ask and and and the the the fact fact fact that that that she she she never never never inquired inquired inquired how how how the the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be be so so so surprised. surprised. surprised. For For For a a a generation, generation, generation, the the the collective collective collective doctrine doctrine doctrine has has has been been been that that that the the the sorting sorting mechanism mechanism of of of society society society should should should be be be profit. profit. profit. The The The words words words that that that have have have mattered mattered mattered are are are efficiency, efficiency, flexibility, flexibility, shareholder shareholder shareholder value, value, value, business-friendly, business-friendly, business-friendly, wealth wealth wealth generation, generation, generation, sales, sales, sales, impact impact impact and, and, and, in in newspapers, newspapers, circulation. circulation. circulation. Words Words degraded degraded to to to the the the margin margin margin have have have been been been justice, justice, justice, fairness, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms. Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions —nor received traceable, recorded answers.36、According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by_____.A.the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.panies' financial loss due to immoral practicesernmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.D.the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.正确答案是：A37、It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.A.Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.B.more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C.Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D.phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.正确答案是：B38、The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence_____.A.revealed a cunning personality.B.centered on trivial issues.C.was hardly convincing.D.was part of a conspiracy.正确答案是：C39、The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows_____.A.generally distorted values.B.unfair wealth distribution.C.a marginalized lifestyle.D.a rigid moral code.正确答案是：A40、Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?_____A.The quality of writings is of primary importance.mon humanity is central to news reporting.C.Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D.Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.正确答案是：CSection II Reading Comprehension Part BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections Euro-elections have have have forced forced forced him him him to to to eat eat eat his his his words words words and and and stand stand stand down. down. down. So, So, So, dies dies dies the the the Spanish Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" politics and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican city and Andorra). But unlike their their absolutist absolutist absolutist counterparts counterparts counterparts in in in the the the Gulf Gulf Gulf and and and Asia, Asia, Asia, most most most royal royal royal families families families have have have survived survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern modern democratic democratic democratic families families families should should should still still still be be be the the the symbolic symbolic symbolic heart heart heart of of of modern modern modern democratic democratic states. states. The The The most most most successful successful successful monarchies monarchies monarchies strive strive strive to to to abandon abandon abandon or or or hide hide hide their their their old old old aristocratic aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While While Europe's Europe's Europe's monarchies monarchies monarchies will will will no no no doubt doubt doubt be be be smart smart smart enough enough enough to to to strive strive strive for for for some some some time time time to to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if (if well-healed) well-healed) well-healed) granny granny granny style. style. style. The The The danger danger danger will will will come come come with with with Charles, Charles, Charles, who who who has has has both both both an an expensive taste of l ifestyle lifestyle lifestyle and and and a a a pretty hierarchical pretty hierarchical view of the w orld. world. world. He has He has failed failed to to understand understand that that that monarchies monarchies monarchies have have have largely largely largely survived survived survived because because because they they they provide provide provide a a a service service —as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21、According to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span_____.ed to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals正确答案是：C22、Monarchs are kept as head of state in European mostly_____.A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment正确答案是：A23、Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?_____.A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.C.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.正确答案是：C24、The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles_____.A.takes a tough line on political issues.B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised.C.takes republicans as his potential allies.D.fails to adapt himself to his future role.正确答案是：B25、Which of the following is the best title of the text?_____.A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne正确答案是：BText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets upsets the the the old old old assumptions assumptions assumptions that that that authorities authorities authorities may may may search search search through through through the the the possessions possessions possessions of of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The The court court court would would would be be be recklessly recklessly recklessly modest modest modest if if if it it it followed followed followed California's California's California's advice. advice. advice. Enough Enough Enough of of of the the implications implications are are are discernable, discernable, discernable, even even even obvious, obvious, obvious, so so so that that that the the the justice justice justice can can can and and and should should should provide provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent recent correspondence. correspondence. correspondence. The The The development development development of of of "cloud "cloud "cloud computing." computing." computing." meanwhile, meanwhile, meanwhile, has has has made made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26、The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.A.search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B.check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C.prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.正确答案是：B27、The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of_____.A.tolerance.B.indifference.C.disapproval.D.cautiousness.正确答案是：C28、The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to_____.A.getting into one's residence.B.handing one's historical records.。

2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at —a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality —our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'l l be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have l ower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty m uch know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives [B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands [D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills [B] energy [C] earnings [D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates [B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose [D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable [B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased [D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities [B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support [D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 co mpanies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new er a of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in th is together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase a llegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional [B] more objective [C] less energetic [D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents [B] gender difference [C] sports culture [D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms [B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation [D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women [B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies [D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it [B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental [D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US [B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid [D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is no t real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a momentfrom the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。

2015年考研英语二阅读真题Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C,or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at were work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home.”Write one of the researchers, Sarah D amaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are stilldoing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who say home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch—up—with—household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing： working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure; Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life—sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all。

2015考研英语二真题：阅读理解2015年考研已经圆满结束了，考研英语频道会第一时间为广大考生更新2015年考研英语二真题，大家可以按Ctrl+D收藏我们的网站，以便第一时间查看自己的成绩!更多考研信息尽在考研频道Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually morestressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which isstress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found ithigher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting convent ional wisdom, we found that women as well asmen have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of theresearchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, shenotes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children andwithout, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside thehome have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work whenthey’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from theoffice. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kickback. For womenwho stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who workoutside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With theblurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace inmaking adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are morestressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know whatthey’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they haveto do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hoursof physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the householdin which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are alot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your homecolleagues- your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to betalked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of allelectronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You neverreally get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are thetasks apparently infinite, the co- workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers[B] Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D] Working fathers23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact thay_______[A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______[A] energy[B] skills[C] earnings[D] nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_______[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those whodo not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates arehigher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firstgenerationstudents, but then watching many of them fail, means that highereducation has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” abachievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of apaper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to thisproblem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-costprogram) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factorsas grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings arebased on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at anunnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financialneed, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parentwith a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- wasbased on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not inpotential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that facemost college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that thisis the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture ofhigher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of collegeresources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’ttalk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students.Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class canaffect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sightabout why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like themcan improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning offexamples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, wewould see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. Therewere goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk aboutenergy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—inmale-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitlyconscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in thistogether. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but mostthink of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khuranapoints out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation ofterminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizationsand religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” saidKhurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivatedamid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But ifyour work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyonemakes fun of it, butmanagers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your lifeand its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to yourwork—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers dcbates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported forJune, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decentpace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least weare now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making animportant distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-timejobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase ininvoluntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntarypart-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by640,000(7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employmentbecause people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people ifthey worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” theyare classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked lessthan 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time orbecause they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workersif they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the mainpurposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople, especially those with serious health conditions of family members withserious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance wasthrough a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 millionpeople to either getinsurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who maypreviously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in orderto cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a linkbetween employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven’t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, __________.A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance.40. The text mainly discusses____________.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare’s trouble点击查看推荐阅读:。

2015考研英语（二）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt。

Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAandmarAA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture，theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlooAingat—astrangerisvirtuall yunbearableEveryonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththe irphones，evenwithouta 1 undergroundIt’sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeing s—becausethere’s2tobegainedfromtalA ingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’t A nowit， 3 intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe 4 ：“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”WhatisitthatmaAesusfeelweneedtohide 5 ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,eGecutivementalcoachW efearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe 6 as“creep,”Wefearwe’IIbe7 We fearwe’IIbedisruptiveStrangersareinherently8 tous，sowearemoreliAelytofeel 9 whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintance sToavoidthisanGiety,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblan Aet，“Wortmannsays.”Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore 11 .”Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tucAoursmartphonesinourpocAetsandlooAup，itdoesn’t12 sobad.Inone20GGeGperiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederasAedcommuter stodotheunthinAable:Starta13 .TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalAtotheirfellow14 ."WhenDr.EpleyandMs.SchroederasAedotherpeopleinthesametrain stationto 15 howtheywouldfeelaftertalAingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir 16 wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorATimessummari zes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'teGpectapositiveeGperience,afterthey 17 withtheeG periment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.”18 ,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththoses anscommunication,whichmaAesabsolutesense, 19 humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:TalAingtostrangersc anmaAeyoufeelconnected.1.[A]ticAet [B]permit [C]signall [D]record2.[A]nothing [B]linA [C]another [D]much3.[A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4.[A]message [B]cede [C]notice [D]sign5.[A]under [B]beyond [C]behind [D]from6.[A]misinterprete [B]misapplied [C]misadjusted [D]mismatched7.[A]fired [B]judged [C]replaced [D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable [B]ungreatful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable [B]anGious [C]confident [D]angry10.[A]attend [B]point [C]taAe [D]turn11.[A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12.[A]hurt [B]resis [C]bend [D]decay13.[A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14.[A]trainees [B]employees [C]researchers [D]passengers15.[A]reveal [B]choose [C]predictl [D]design16.[A]voyage [B]flight [C]walA [D]ride17.[A]wentthrough [B]didaway [C]caughtup[D]putup18.[A]Inturn [B]Inparticular [C]Infact[D]Inconsequence19.[A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20.[A]funny [B]simple [C]Iogical [D]rareSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:TeGt1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.PeopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatworA.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortntlol. WhichisitatstressmarAer.WhiletheywereatworAandwhiletheywereathom eandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenasw ellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworA thanathome,”writesoneoftheres earchers.SarahDamasAe,InfactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratworA.Shenotes.“itismennotwomen.Whoreportbeing bappicrathomethanatworA,”Anot hersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrcnandwitho ut,butmoresofornonparents.ThisiswhypcoplcwhoworAoutsidethehomeh avebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingwor Aw henthey’reathome,whe theritishouseholdworAorworAbroughthomefro mtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworAdayisatimetoAicAbacA.Forwo menwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhowor Aoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasAs.W iththeblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindthewor AplaceinmaAingadjustmentsforworA ingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatw omenaremorestressedathome.Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwor A,peopleprettymuchAnowwhatth ey’resupposedtobedoing:wor Aing,maAingmoney,doingthetasAstheyha vetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinh oursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola .Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therea realotoftasAstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourh omecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedto betalA edintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalof allelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youca nnotfireyourfamily.Yo uneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyaret hetasAsapparentlyinfinite,theco-worAersaremuchhardertomotivate.21.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome___________[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaGation[B]generatedmorestressthantheworAplace[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement[D]offeredgreaterrelaGationthantheworAplace22.AccordingtoDamasAe，whoareliAelytobethehappiestathome?[A]WorAingmothers[B]Childlesshusbands[C]Childlesswives[D]WorAingfathers23TheblurringofworAingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthay___________[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforAicAingbacA[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworAleftbehind[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice24.Theword“moola”(Line4，Para4)mostprobablymeans___________[A]energy[B]sAills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.ThehomefrontdiffersfromtheworAplaceinthat_____________[A]homeishardlyacozierworAingenvironment[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut[C]householdtasAsaregenerallymoremotivating[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewardedTeGt2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-those whodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeof educationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutrates arehigher.ButsincesuchstudentsaremostliAelytoadvanceeconomicallyifth eysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordeca destorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparado G”inthatrecruitingfir st-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighe reducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achie vementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofap aperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiont othisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,neGt-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsar ebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanun namedprivateuniversity．Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparent withafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1per cent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwit hafour-yeardegreeTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlacAingnoti npotentialbutinpracticalAnowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfac emostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatt hisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents”struggletonavigatethemiddle-classc ultureofhighereducation，learnthe‘rulesofthegame，’andta A eadvantageofcollegeresources,”th eywriteAndthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon’ttal Aaboutt heclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecause UScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacAnowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectst udents’educationale Gperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacAsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglingandd onotunderstandhowstudents’li Aethemcanimprove26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[B]narrowedtheachievementgao[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudents27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause[A]theproblemissolvable[B]theirapproachiscostless [qtherecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies [qareinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents[C]maylacAopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areineGperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat——[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlacAofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationaleGperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionTeGt3Evenintraditionaloffices，“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalan dmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago，"saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyAoehnShestartedspinningof feG amples.“IfyouandIparachutedbac AtoFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermsliAeJourney,mission,passion.Th ereweregoals，therewerestrategies，therewereobjectives，butwedidn’ttal Aaboutenergy；wedidn’ttal A aboutpassion.”A oehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team ”-oriented-andnotbycoincidence.“Let’sno tforgetsDorts-inmale-domi natedcorporateAmerica，it’sstillabigdeal.It’snote Gplicitlyconscious；it’stheideathatI’macoach，andyou’remyteam，andwe’reinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcom panies，butmostthinAofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywantto win".ThesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworAwithmeaning-and，asAhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythat historicallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiouso rganizations：TermsliAevision，values，passion，andpurpose，”said AhuranaThisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpAeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverworA-lifebalanceThe“mommywars ”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoda y,promptingargumentsaboutwhywome nstillcan'thaveitallandbooAsliAeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn，whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.TermsliAeunplug，offline，life-hacA，bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome ButifyourworA isyour“passion,”you’IIbemoreli Aelytodevoteyourselfto it，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworAinglongaftertheAidsa reinbedButthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeaA：EveryonemaAesfunofit，butmanagersloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，“Youcangetpeopletothin A it’snonsenseatthesametimethaty oubuyintoi t.”Inawor A placethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeanin gofficespeaAcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourworA-andhowyou rworAdefineswhoyouare31.AccordingtoNancyAoehn,officelanguagehasbecome________[A]moreemotional[B]moreobjective[C]lessenergetic[D]lessenergetic[E]lessstrategic32.“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto________[A]historicalincidents[B]genderdifference[C]sportsculture[D]athleticeGecutives33.Ahuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto________[A]revivehistoricalterms[B]promotecompanyimage[C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn_________[A]voicesforworAingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworAaholics[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployees35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeaA?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]RegularpeoplemocAitbutacceptitTeGt4ManypeopletalAedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporl edforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemploymenttaAeto6Jpercent.atgoo dnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsata decentpace.WestillhavealongwaytogotogetbacAtofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargel yovedooAcd.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvolunta rilyworAingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000（4,4percent）aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeeGplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmaAingani mportantdistinction.ManypeoplewhoworApart-timejobsactuallywantfull -timejobs.TheytaAepart-timeworAbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincrease ininvoluntarypart-timeworAisevidenceofweaAnessinthelabormarAetandi tmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemaAingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirec tionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanb eforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel .WeAnowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeem ploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentas AspeopleiftheyworAedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweeA.Iftheansweri s“yes.”theya reclassifiedasworAingpart-time.ThesurveythenasAswheth ertheyworAedlessthan35hoursinthatweeAbecausetheywantedtoworAles sthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyelassifiedasvolunta rypart-timeworAersiftheytellthesurveytaAertheychosetoworAlessthan35 hoursaweeA.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthe mainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemb erswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsur ancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeitherge tinsurancethroughMedicaidortheeGchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypre viouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordert ocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinA betweenemploymentandinsurance.36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?A.TheprospectofathrivingjobmarAet.B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.37.ManypeopleworApart-timebecausetheyA.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobsB.feelthatisenoughtomaAeendsmeetC.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobsD.haven'tseentheweaAnessofthemarAet38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUSA.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearagoB.showsageneraltendencyofdeclineC.satisfiestherealneedofthejoblessD.islowerthanbeforetherecession39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare, .A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsuranceB.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsuranceC.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembersD.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance40.TheteGtmainlydiscusses .A.employmentintheUSB.part-timerclassificationC.insurancethroughMedicaidD.Obamacare’stroublePartBDirections:InthefollowingteGt,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions4 1-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenu mberedblanA.TherearetwoeGtrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.M arAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Youarenotalone[B]Don’tfea rresponsibilityforyourlife[C]Paveyourownuniquepath[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal[E]ThinAaboutthepresentmoment[F]EGperiencehelpsyougrow[G]TherearemanythingstobegratefulforSomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercorneToucghTimes Uefortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses,WearegoingthroughlifefacingsadeGperiences.Moreover,wearegrievingvariousAindsofloss:afriendship,aron tanticrelatlonshlpofahouse.Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyse emsliAethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon ’tlastforever.Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreat erunderstandingandrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmaAeusmatu reandeventallymoveastowardfutureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappines s.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway.41.Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprote ctusbysignalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,people createinnerbarrierswithahelpofeGaggeratingfears.Myfavoriteactorwillsm ithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisaproductofthoughtsyoucrea te.Donotmisu nderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisachoice.”Idocompletelyagreeth atfearsarejusttheproductofourluGuriantimagination.42.IfyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinAingaboutthepast ,trytofocusonthepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastor anGiousaboutthefuture.Youmayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoni ngthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstancesyoucannotchange.Valuethe presentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.Enjoythebe autyoftheworldaroundandAeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforey ou.Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamind setthatcanbedesignedintothepresent.43..Sometimesitiscasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes .Youcanbeeasilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappre ciatethethingsyouhave.Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifei nsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.44..Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,you shouldalwaysrememberthatyouarenotalone.TrytoAeepinmindthatalmost everyonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomaAeagoodchang einyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearestpeople,Youmayhaveacircleof friendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpandcompanionship.Ifyouha venofriendsorrelatives.Trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullof peoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandcncouragement.45.TodaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseeAbalan cebygainingobjectivityfromeGternalsources.Thiswayyoudevalueyouropin ionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanagingyourofownlife.Whenyouare strugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourselfand besurethatyourdecisionisthebest.YouliveinyoursAin,thinAyourownthoug hts,haveyourownvaluesandmaAeyourownchoices.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingteGtfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslat iononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)ThinA aboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommute toworA,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youAnoweverytwista ndturnliAethebacA ofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytoloseconce ntrationonthedrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconse quenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastaAenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetim eittaAestotravelafamiliarroute.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldo wnawell-A nownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timese emstoflowmorequicAly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinAbacAonit,w ecan’trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchattentiontoi t.Soweassumeitwasshorter.SectionⅣWritingPartA47.Direerions:Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstu dents.Writeanoticeto1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and2)callforvolunteers.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,yourshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.参考答案1.signal2.Much3.plugged4.message5.behind6.misinterpreted7.judged8.unfamiliar9.anGious10.turn11.dangerous 12.hurt 13.Conversation 14.passengers 15.predict 16.ride 17.wentthrough 18.infact 19.since 20.simple21.DofferedgreaterrelaGationthantheworAplace22.Bchildlesshusbands23.Atheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives24.Cearnings25.Bdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut26.Cmisseditsoriginalpurpose27.Atheproblemissolvable28.Careinneedoffinancialsupport29.DareineGperiencedinhandlingissuesatcollege30.Dcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion31.Amoreemotional32.Csportsculture33.Dstrengthenemployeeloyalty34.AvoicesforworAingwomenompaniesfindittobefundamental36.Btheincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobsannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs38.Bshowsageneraltendencyofdecline39.Bemploymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance40.AemploymentintheUS41.DMostofyourfearsareunreal42.EThinAabouttheresentmoment43.GTherearemanythingstobegratefulfor44.Ayouarenotalone45.CPaveyourownuniquepath46参考译文：想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。

2015年考研英语二真题及答案Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re tee nagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks ap parently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have aparent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this become s more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Bus iness School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, the re were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their tea m and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s ar e still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But ifyour work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is aproduct of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuria nt imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, bec ause we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)1、【答案】[C] signal【解析】此题所在的上下文内容的意思是：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，甚至不_______。