人体平衡论文：人体平衡能力检测方法研究及系统实现
【中文摘要】偏瘫患者或老年人由于某些器官受损,使自身调节平衡功能低下,容易跌倒并导致一系列威胁生活质量的问题。在患者康复的过程中,平衡能力的精确检测和评定就显得十分重要。目前临床普遍采用徒手评定,根据一些量表来给患者打分,虽然实用但都要依赖医师的主观判断缺乏客观性；再有利用仪器对平衡能力进行评定,通常的平衡仪器检测患者静止、运动状态下的重心数据,进而对平衡能力进行评定,虽然精确但是患者有准备的检测还是不够客观。本研究主要针对平衡能力的仪器检测中的不足做了如下工作：第一,设计研制了具有三个应变力传感器的检测平台,以及采用ATmega128单片机为主控芯片的嵌入式检测系统,该嵌入式系统包括低通滤波和信号放大等功能的外围电路。利用该系统,实现了准确,实时的采集传感器数据,并用单片机内部程序计算出人体重心的动摇轨迹坐标,通过串口发至上位机处理软件。旨在获得稳定、实时的人体重心数据,客观、准确分析和评价人体平衡能力。第二,在PC机利用Lab VIEW软件开发了具有重心位置实时显示界面,数据保存功能的上位机软件。以及利用Lab VIEW和MATLAB混合编程技术的.mat文件离线自动计算调节时间Ts的处理软件。第三,针对目前平衡能力的仪器检测中的不足,提出了被动的平衡能力检测,把检测平台放置在六自由度并联机器人上,利用六自由度并联机器人来为被测试者提供足底水平面左右方向的移动激励,收集人体调节平衡的反馈数据来判断人体平衡能力的优
劣。将人体在受到激励后的平衡调节曲线拟合为二阶阶跃响应曲线,以阶跃响应调节时间Ts为人体平衡的标准。通过上位机软件编程,从而自动得到调节时间Ts。本装置整合了人体各方面数据,优化了该装置硬件的滤波效果,使电路更加稳定,准确；实时,大量的获得了人体重心数据,并且做出数据病例分析；得到了被动检测中一个正常人的平衡能力标准值。
【英文摘要】The old and the patients with hemiplegia because of the organ damage, whose abilities of self-regulation balance decrease, are easy to fall down and have a series of problems that threat the quality of life.In the process of rehabilitation of the patients, the accurate detections and assessments of the balance ability are quite important. At present, the hand assessments are widely used in clinical, according to some scale to score the patients, it is useful, but relies on the subjective judgments of physician and lacks objectivity; furthermore the use of testing instruments to assess the balance, can obtain the data of gravity center on the static and moving conditions, and then assess the balance ability. The test results on patients are accurate, but are not objective enough. This research did the following work so as to improve the defection of the balance detecting equipment:First, the design has a testing platform with three
sensors, and uses ATmega128 microcontroller as the main chip, which includes the peripheral circuits with the functions of the low-pass filtering and signal amplification. The system can gain accurate, timely sensor data and calculate the shake Track Data of the gravity center of the human body with the help of internal procedures in the microcontroller, then pass them through the serial port to the processing software. The aim is to obtain the stable, timely data of gravity center, to analyses and evaluate the body balance accurately and objectivelySecond, the PC software designed by Lab VIEW has timely display interface with the gravity center and the data storage function. And the use of Lab VIEW and MATLAB programming technology mixed with Mat files automatically calculates the settling time Ts off-line processing software.Third, owing to the deficiency of the instruments for the detection of body, passive detection is proposed. The detection platform placed in the moving platform which can provide the incentive on the horizontal direction movement to foot, then to collect the feedback data of body adjustment to the balance, so that it can estimate the level of human body balance. The response curve for human body in adjusting the balance makes into the second step response curve, considering the step response settling time Ts as the
