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Answers7Part 1 Examination – Paper 1.3June 2006 AnswersManaging People

1All organisations of whatever size need to understand and address the issues of the relationship between various levels ofmanagement, especially the nature, source and limitations of authority, responsibility and delegation. Understanding responsibility,delegation and authority is fundamental to the practice of management. Professional accountants should be able to show anunderstanding of the problems and challenges associated with these concepts of management. Students are not expected toremember definitions verbatim, but they are expected to show an understanding of the inherent logic contained in these concepts,and to demonstrate a clear distinction between the two main concepts of authority and responsibility.

(a)There are many explanations of what managers do. The most widely understood approach is that of Henri Fayol, who saidthat managers perform five duties, to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, co-ordinate and control. Managers areultimately responsible for the efficient use of the organisation’s resources and are accountable to the organisation’s owners.At Flavours Fine Foods, the owners (the Jones brothers) must recognise this reality and allow the managers to manage.

It used to be said that a manager did his or her job by getting others to do theirs. In many ways this sums up the role of thesupervisor. However, management must ensure that supervisors understand organisational objectives and must make clearthe powers and limits of the supervisors’ authority. Supervision is an important and integral part of the task and process ofmanagement.

The role of the supervisor is critical because of direct contact with and responsibility directly for the work of others. Thesupervisor is unique; he or she is the interfacebetween management and the workforce and is the direct link between thetwo, being in direct physical contact with non-managers on a frequent basis. Supervisors are in the front line of managementand see that others fulfil their duties, resolve problems first hand and often quickly, direct the work of others and enforcediscipline. In addition, they often must have direct knowledge of health, safety and employment legislation and have authorityfor negotiation and industrial relations within the department.

(b)(i)RESPONSIBILITYis the liability of a person to be called to account for their actions and results, and is therefore anobligation to take some action to discharge that responsibility. Unlike authority, responsibility cannot be delegated. Thereis however some discussion on the extent to which this statement is true: the idea that responsibility cannot be delegatedis too simplistic. Any task contains an element of responsibility. It is the idea of accountability and the directionofresponsibility that is the relevant concept and is the problem at Flavours Fine Foods; ultimate responsibility resides withthe owners. It is self evident that it is impossible to exercise authority without responsibility because this could lead toproblems of control and therefore undesirable outcomes for the organisation. However, the superior (the owner) is alwaysultimately responsible for the actions of his or her subordinates. The key element here is the recognition of discretion byvirtue of the person’s position. This underlines the doctrine of absolute responsibility; the superior is always ultimatelyaccountable.

(ii)AUTHORITYis the scope and amount of discretion given to a person to make decisions by virtue of the position heldwithin the organisation. The authority and power structure of an organisation defines the part each member of theorganisation is expected to perform and the relationship between the organisation’s members so that its efforts areeffective. The sourceof authority may be top down (as in formal organisations) or bottom up (as in social organisationsand politics). In the scenario, authority is from the top and should be delegated downwards.

(iii)DELEGATIONis giving a subordinate the discretion to make decisions within a certain, defined sphere of influence.Therefore the superior must possess the authority to delegate. The key element here is discretion and the level ofauthority within a specific sphere which is behind the problems at Flavours Fine Foods. Authority should be clearlydelegated as appropriate to the managers and, through them, to the supervisors.

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1_3_双_4_氨基苯氧基_苯合成技术和应用研究进展

1_3_双_4_氨基苯氧基_苯合成技术和应用研究进展

2009年第28卷第6期CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS ·997·化工进展1,3-双(4′-氨基苯氧基)苯合成技术和应用研究进展金宁人1，肖庆军1，刘琛2，刘晓锋2，张建庭1（1浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院，浙江杭州 310032；2浙江鼎龙化工有限公司，浙江杭州 310004 ）摘要：在系统介绍1,3-二（4′-氨基苯氧基）苯（BAPB）合成方法及其应用的基础上，以经济、环保和新型工业化为目标，重点评述了合成方法及各种工艺的特点、研究中的技术进展以及近年来应用于聚酰亚胺方面的发展。

选择以间苯二酚和对硝基氯苯为原料，经缩合成1,3-二（4′-硝基苯氧基）苯（BNPB）后，再加氢还原最后提纯的方法作为合成BAPB产品优先的技术路线。

同时提出了高质量、低成本、清洁化发展聚合级BAPB产品以及制备超级Aurum新材料的研究方向和建议。

关键词：1,3-二（4′-氨基苯氧基）苯；超级Aurum；合成技术中图分类号：TQ 246.3+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2009）06–0997–08Progress in the synthesis and application of1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzeneJIN Ningren1，XIAO Qingjun1，LIU Chen2，LIU Xiaofeng2，ZHANG Jianting1 （1 College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science，Zhejiang University of Technology，Hangzhou 310032，Zhejiang，China；2 Zhejiang Dragon Chemicals Co. Ltd.，Hangzhou 310004，Zhejiang，China）Abstract：Progress in techniques for the synthesis and application of 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (BAPB) are reviewed. A 2-step production is considered to be an efficient and economical method for the preparation of BAPB，including the condensation of resorcinol with 4-nitrochlorobenzene and the reduction of 1,3-bis(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene (BNPB) through hydrogenation. Suggestions are proposedfor the production of BAPB with high-quality，high-purity and lower cost as to meet the requirement for polyimide monomer and for the preparation of super Aurum.Key words：1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene; super Aurum; synthesis techniques日本三井化学公司垄断生产的500吨/年的Aurum[1]是一种热塑性聚酰亚胺工程塑料，化学结构见图1（a）。

EEC新版教材六年级阅读表达A

EEC新版教材六年级阅读表达A

Unit 1No.1I am a Chinese girl. My name is Zhang Li . I’m 11 years old. My English name is Linda. I’m in No. 1 Middle School. At school I have a good friend, Mary. She is 12 years old. We are in Class 8, Grade 1. Miss Li is our English teacher. She is a good teacher. Miss Li likes us. We like her, too.The country Zhang Li is from ______1______Her age _____2_____ years oldHer school _____3_____ Middle SchoolMary’s age One year ____4______ than Zhang LiMiss Li ____5_____ English teacher1.__________2. _________3._________4. ________5. ___________ No. 2Hello, I’m Li Ming. Look at the picture on the wall, please. There’re five people in it. They’re my grandparents, my parents and I . my grandpa’s name is Li Hua. He’s fifty-eight. He is a worker. He likes walking. My grandma is a teacher. She likes reading. My father’s name is Li Lei. He is thirty-five years old. He’s a good doctor. He likes reading, too. My mother is a nurse. I’m a student of No. 2 Middle School. I’m eleven years old. I like watching TV. They all love me and I love them, too.Li Hua Grandpa Worker 58____4_____Li Lei _____1_____ D octor ____3____ readingLi Ming / Student 11 ___5____ TVGrandma ____2______ reading__________ 2. _________ 3._________ 4. ________ 5. ___________No. 3At 7:40 on Monday, Mike goes to school in his father’s car. He has Chinese for the first class. He has math, English and history (历史). He likes English better. After school he likes to practice tennis at school. His arms are very strong from tennis. He goes home in school bus. He says he really likes school.After SchoolAt _____1_______- Mike goes to schoolWhat he likes _____2_______After ____3______ He likes to practice tennisHis arms are very _____4_____ From tennisHe goes home In school ____5_____1.__________2. _________3._________4. ________5. ___________Unit 1答案：No. 1 1.China 2. 11 3. No. 1 4. older 5. TheirNo.2 1.Father 2. Teacher 3. 35 4. Walking 5. WatchingNo.3 1. 7:40 2. English 3. school 4. strong 5. busUnit 2No. 1Ann likes Chinese very much. She works hard. She reads Chinese every morning. She likes speaking Chinese. She often listens to music. She likes watching TV. But she only watches it o Saturday evening. She doesn’t like dancing. But she likes singing. She sings very well. She likes driving a car, too. Her parents like her. And all the teachers like her, too.根据短文内容完成下列表格，每空一词。

高效液相色谱法测定磺胺嘧啶银乳膏的含量

高效液相色谱法测定磺胺嘧啶银乳膏的含量

高效液相色谱法测定磺胺嘧啶银乳膏的含量康丽红,钟慧敏(江门市恒健药业有限公司 1.科研开发部; 2.质量监督部,广东江门529000)摘要:目的建立用高效液相色谱法测定磺胺嘧啶银乳膏的含量。

方法色谱柱:A ichr om C 18柱(250mm ×4.6mm,5μm );柱温:30℃;流动相:0.1%(ρ)磷酸溶液2乙腈(体积比92∶8);流速:1.0mL /m in;检测波长:254nm 。

结果磺胺嘧啶银在20～300mg/L 浓度范围内线性关系良好,r =0.9999;回收率为99.6%,RSD 为1.06(n =5)。

结论本法操作简便,灵敏,准确,可用于磺胺嘧啶银乳膏的含量测定。

关键词:高效液相色谱法;磺胺嘧啶银乳膏;含量测定中图分类号:R 927　文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-8783(2006)03-0287-02HPLC a ss ay for silver sulfad i a z i n e i n silver sulfad i a z i n e creamK ANG L i 2hong,Z HONG Hui 2m in (J iangm en Hengjian Phar m aceutical Co .,L td .,J iangm en 529000,China )Abstract:O bjecti ve To establish a method f or content deter m inati on of silver sulfadiazine in silver sulfadiazine crea m.M ethods HP LC analysis was perf or med on an A ichr om C 18colu mn (250mm ×4.6mm,5μm ).The mobile phase consisted 0.1%phos phoric acid 2acet onitrile (92:8)and the fl ow rate was 1.0mL /m in .The detective wavelength was at 254n m and colu mn te mperature 30℃.Results The calibrati on curve showed a good linear relati onshi p in the range of 20-300mg/L (r =0.9999)f or silver sulfadiazine .The average recovery of silver sulfadiazine was 99.6%(RSD =1.06,n =5).Conclusi on The method is si m p le,sensitive,rep r oducible and suitable for quality contr ol of the crea m.Key words:HP LC;silver sulfadiazine crea m;silver sulfadiazine 磺胺嘧啶银乳膏为磺胺类抗菌药,是常用于预防和治疗轻度烧伤继发创面感染的外用药,具有较强的抗菌作用及良好的制痂和创面保护效果。

2006年度NCC学术期刊论文发表统计

2006年度NCC学术期刊论文发表统计

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