八年级上学期英语词语解释与延伸Unit1 Section A(2)1. about .大约关于（1）They waited for me about an hour yesterday .昨天他们等了我大约一个小时（2）It’s about half past three ,We’d better go out to play games.现在大约三点半，我们最好出去做玩游。
2．junk废弃的旧物，破烂物 junk food 垃圾食品（1）He always likes to buy some junk in the shop. 他总是喜欢在商店买废品。
（2）There are so many junk food in some western restaurants but children them a lot.西方的有些饭店有那么多的垃圾食品，但是孩子们非常喜欢吃。
（3）I don’t like junk food ,such as hamburgers ,hot dogs and so on..我不喜欢吃垃圾食品，象汉堡包，热狗等等。
3．milk牛奶（1）Drinking milk is good for our health..喝牛奶对我们的身体有益。
（2 ）.There isn’t my milk in the glass. _ There is no milk in the glass.杯里没有牛奶。
4．coffee咖啡(1) _Would you like smoothing to drink ? 你想要些喝的吗？_Yes , I’d like a cup of coffee and a bottle of orange juice想我想喝一杯咖啡和一瓶桔汁。
(2)Drinking too much coffee is bad for us .喝太多的咖啡对我们有害。
5。
chip 薄片My favorite food is chips . I often go to the chip shop nearby.我最喜欢吃的是署条，我常去附近暑条店去买署条。
2024-2025学年度第一学期高一英语期中考试卷试卷满分：100分第一部分阅读理解(共20 小题;每小题2.5 分，满分50 分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AHere are some pet-friendly universities in the UK and US.University of IllinoisStudents are allowed up to two pets in each apartment, as well as a fish tank of no more than 50 gallons.To keep a pet, you will need to get approval from the Family & Graduate housing department at the University of Illinois. You will have to provide proof that your pet is up to date with its vaccinations(疫苗), and pay a monthly US$30 pet fee, which is non-refundable(不可退款的).Your pet can’t be left for extended periods of time, and if there’s evidence that you’ve left it alone due to vacation or illness, the university may remove it.Harvard UniversityWith as many as 12 pet-friendly apartments, Harvard is a very pet-friendly university. It allows students to have fish in a tank of no more than 50 gallons, except for Harvard’s Cronkhite Graduate Center.In Harvard’s pet-friendly apartments, you’re allowed: one cat or one dog, which can’t be over 40 pounds when fully grown. At most, two pet birds.University of British Columbia Students can take advantage of the university’s B．A．R. K program, which uses the calming power of therapy dogs to help them.B．A．R. K started at the University of British Columbia, after an assistant professor called Dr. John-Tyler Binfet noticed that he couldn’t walk across campus without students running over to play with his dog, Frances. The students told him they were homesick and missed their pets, which encouraged Binfet to establish B．A．R. K as a way of fighting their loneliness.University of OxfordThe University of Oxford is famous for its resident pets, who happily wander around college grounds. Many Oxford colleges have their own tortoise and take part in the annual Corpus Christi tortoise race.Although you are not allowed to keep your own pet as a student, several Oxford colleges hold dog petting and walking therapy sessions.1．What is one of the rules for keeping pets at the University of Illinois?A．Pet keepers should pay a monthly US$ 30 pet fee which will be returned.B．Pets can’t be left alone in the apartments due to vacation or illness.C．Students have to keep fish in a fish tank of no more than 20 gallons.D．The cat or dog can’t be over 40 pounds when fully grown.2．Why did Dr. John-Tyler Binfet start B．A．R. K?A．To help students to fight against homesickness.B．To do research on dogs and train them to be pets.C．To help more professors to do exercise on campus.D．To give assistance to the pet dogs by offering them foods.3．Which university doesn’t allow students to keep pets?A．Harvard University. B．University of Oxford.C．University of Illinois. D．University of British Columbia.BA survey by the American Psychological Association shows that one in ten adults reads online news at least once an hour. A lot has been written about the mental health influence from news addiction, and in particular from reading negative reports. Just like junk food, “junk” news can be bad for our health.In recent years, things have been getting increasingly more negative. A study of the content of New Zealand’s largest newspaper showed that while in 1973 the average number of stories about death on the front page was 0.75, by 2013 it was 4.1(and no, there weren’t five times more people dying).What’s more, online news, and the stories we read on mobile phones in particular, tend to be even more negative than print. A 2019 study of 50 U.S. newspapers showed that mobile versions of newspapers report three times more stories about disasters and accidents than paper ones.Such negative reports lead people to believe that things are worse than they really are. They can lead to stress, worry and lower spirits.Experiments also suggest that loneliness and poor relationships have been connected with reading negative reports. After reading negative reports, people are less likely to help others. Even worse, when we check news on smart phones, we may “phub” our loved ones, which leads to lower relationship satisfaction.Negative reports attract our attention far more than positive ones. That’s a global happening. I hope, however, that if we realize that negative news is spoiling our moods, we might all be more willing to change. 4．Why is “junk food” mentioned in the first paragraph?A．To entertain readers.B．To introduce the topic.C．To make an advertisement.D．To keep readers away from it.5．What can we learn about the study in Paragraph 2?A．The death rate in New Zealand is very high.B．Print newspapers have become less popular.C．Stories about death have become less popular.D．Negative reporting has been increasing over years. 6．What may negative reports lead people to do?A．Live a hopeful life.B．Become more careful.C．Become less likely to help others.D．Pay more attention to their physical health.7．What does the underlined word “phub” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Ignore B．Hate C．Laugh at D．Care about8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．A Survey on News Reading Habits B．Negative Effects of Mobile PhonesC．Is Online News Better Than Print?D．Is Junk News a Danger to Health?CThere was once a boy called Mario who loved to have lots of friends at school. However, he wasn’t sure whether or not his classmates were his true friends, so he asked his grandpa. The old man answered, “I have just exactly what you need; it’s in the attic (阁楼). Wait here for a minute.”Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand, but Mario could see nothing there. “Take it. It’s a very special chair. Because it’s invisible (无形的) it’s rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you’ll be able to tell who your true friends are.”Mario took the strange invisible chair and went to school. At break time he asked everyone to form a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. “Nobody move. You’re about to see something amazing,” Mario said.Then Mario tried sitting on the chair. He missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone had a pretty good laugh. Mario wouldn’t be beaten. He kept trying to sit on the magic chair, and kept falling to theground... until, suddenly, he tried again and didn’t fall. This time he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana — three of his best friends — holding him up, so he wouldn’t fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall.Leaving with his three friends, Mario explained to them how his grandpa had so cleverly thought of such a good idea. Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.9．What did Mario’s grandpa take from the attic?A．An invisible chair.B．An old chair.C．A real chair.D．Nothing.10．Why did Mario’s grandpa give him the invisible chair?A．To see whether Mario could sit on it. B．To test who were Mario’s true friends.C．To let Mario have fun with his classmates.D．To test whether Mario was popular at school. 11．How was Mario able to hover in mid-air?A．He saw the invisible chair suddenly. B．He managed to sit on the chair finally.C．His friends held him up with their hands. D．His classmates gave him a chair to sit on.12．What does the story tell us?A．Never laugh at our friends. B．True friends can help us do magic.C．True friends are those who care for us. D．Having too many good friends isn’t a good thing.DSure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues (问题).Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.However if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially if you fulfill (履行) your basic responsibilities as a student.Here are some of those responsibilities (责任)：Attend class ready to learn.Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments (作业).Listen when your teacher is talking.Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test.13．According to the passage, what will happen to you when getting along well with your teachers ?A．We will have no problems with studyB．We will get a better seat in the classroomC．We will get the best scores in the examsD．We will have more pleasant time in the classroom14．What does the underlined word “that” refers to in the fourth paragraph?A．The happy time you have in the classroomB．Getting along very well with classmatesC．A better relationship between you and your teacherD．The disappearance of personality differences15．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．The importance of friendship in schools.B．The importance of a good relationship with your teachers.C．Studying skills for students.D．Useful skills to get along well with your teachers.16．As a student, what will you do if you don’t like a certain teacher ?A．You fulfill (履行) your basic responsibilities as a studentB．You are thought of as a good studentC．You know some basic social skillsD．You are easygoing and helpful第二节七选五(每小题1分，共5分，根据短文内容，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
新北师大版高中英语选择性必修三单词表Unit7Topic Talklawyer n.律师assistant n.助手，助理，副手physician n.医生architect n.建筑师，建筑设计师receptionist n.接待员dentist n.牙科医生chef n.厨师，主厨butcher n.肉铺老板，肉贩chemist n.化学家consultant n.顾问librarian n.图书馆管理员operator n.操作员；电话接线员clerk n.接待员；办事员，文员；（商店的）售货员，店员salesman n.男推销员，男售货员saleswoman n.女推销员，女售货员*fascinated adj.被迷住的，被吸引住的；极感兴趣的department n.(医院、大学、公司、政府的）科，系，处，部；（大商场的）部institution n.机构，团体；制度economy n.经济，经济制度administration n.管理，行政；执行，实施management n.经营，管理reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的persuade vt.说服，劝服client n.客户，顾客credit n.学分；赊购，信贷brilliant adj.极好的，优秀的；明亮的，灿烂的*CV n.简历，履历*bachelor's degree n.学士学位*master's degree n.硕士学位impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，令人钦佩的Lesson 1intelligence n.智力，智慧，理解力employ vt.&n.雇佣determine vt.决定，直接影响；测定，确定intelligent adj.机智的，有才智的；有智慧的，聪明的*quotient n.(质量、情感等的）指数，程度predict vt.预言，预料，预测deserve vt.应得，应受到（奖赏或惩罚）lower adj.(数字或数量）较小的；较低级的；下面的association n.联系；协会，社团internal adj.内心；内部的；国内的adjust vi.&vt.适应，（使）习惯；调整，调节announce vt.宣布，宣告，公布disability n.伤残，残障，障碍willing adj.乐意、愿意（做某事）的disabled adj.残障的，残疾的，有学习障碍的altogether adv.总而言之，总的说来；完全，全部react vi.(作出）反应Lesson 2trend n.趋势，趋向，倾向financial adj.财政的，金融的；财务的logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的comprehension n.理解（力）；阅读理解测试bio-technology/ n.生物技术guarantee vt.保证，担保；n.保修单AI(artificial intelligence) n.人工智能motivated adj.积极的，主动的Lesson 3footstep n.脚步声follow in one's footsteps 继承某人的事业，步某人的后尘profession n.专业，行业workshop n.车间，工厂prospect n.可能性，希望retirement n.退休，退职relevant adj.有关的，切题的*lottery n.抽彩给奖法；碰运气的事decent adj.相当好的，像样的，可接受的salary n.薪金，工资recipe n.烹饪法，食谱innovator n.革新者，创新者specialist n.专家occupation n.工作，职业pace n.速度，进度*outsource vt.外包，外办retrain vt.(为从事新工作）接受再培训，对···..·再训练qualify vi.&v.(使）有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准likelihood n.可能，可能性multiple adj.多的，多种的，涉及多个人（物，事等）的essential adj.极其重要的；最基本的security n.保障，保护；保安措施，安全工作employer n.雇佣者，雇主Writing Workshoppart-time adj.部分时间的，兼职的photographer n.摄影者column n.(报纸或杂志）专栏；支柱，圆柱applicant n.申请人*enclose vt.随信附上；将······围起来journalist n.新闻工作者，新闻记者elderly adj.年老的，渐老的district n.地区，区域Reading Club 1vision n.视野；视力respectfully adv.有礼貌地，恭敬地Reading Club 2option n.选择；（计算机的）选项，选择telescope n.望远镜Unit8Topic Talkfiction n.小说；虚构的事poetry n.诗，诗歌；诗情，诗意*fable n.寓言drama n.戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧性事件*genre n.(艺术、写作、音乐等的）类型，体裁adventure n.历险，奇遇romance n.爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情detective n.侦探，警探fantasy n.幻想作品；幻想，想象；空想folk adj.民间的，民俗的stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人深刻印象的；巨大而突然的；表演的，戏剧的subjective adj.主观的；主语的*logic n.逻辑；道理，合理的想法mystery n.难以理解的事物，谜；悬疑故事recite vi.&vt.背诵；朗诵contradictory adj.矛盾的；抵触的riddle n.迷，谜语；谜团literary adj.文学的rhyme n.押韵structure n.结构，构造；建筑物，结构体tone n.(说话的）语气，口气，强调；（尤指乐器或说话的）音调，音色，音质setting n.(书、影片等中情节发生的）背景；环境historical adj.历史的era n.时代，年代shelf n.搁板，架子submit vt.呈送，提交，呈递registration n.登记，注册*scan vt.(用电磁波等）扫描Lesson 1unseen adj.未受注意的；未被看见的*pneumonia n.肺炎icy adj.极冷的；被冰覆盖的stare vi.凝视，盯着看blank adj.空白的n.(纸张上的）空白处，空格blanket n.毯子，毛毯aside adv.到旁边，在旁边backwards /adv.往回，往前面；向后，朝后*ivy n.常春藤*vine n.葡萄属植物；葡萄藤*nonsense n.胡说，废话；荒谬的想法（看法）sail vi.&vt.(乘船）航行fetch vt.(去）拿来；（去）请来；（去）找来slip vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒disbelief n.不信，怀疑curtain n.窗帘；门帘；帘子crime n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动fellow n.男人；家伙*janitor/'d3ænitə/n.(学校或大楼的）看门人，门房，管理员clothing n.服装，衣服inch n.英寸Lesson 2*queer adj.奇怪的，难以解释的frozen adj.(河、湖等）结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的*harness/'ha:nəs/n.(马的）挽具，马具sweep vt.&vi.扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走*downy adj.被绒毛覆盖的；充满绒毛的*fake n.小薄片*daffodil n.水仙（花），黄水仙wander vi.&vt.徘徊，闲逛；漫步于*vale n.谷；山谷*flutter vi.&vt.（在空中）飘扬，飘动；振（翼），拍打（翅膀）*breeze n.微风，和风continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的*twinkle vi.闪烁，闪耀stretch vi.&vt.延伸，绵延；（使）变大；（使）变松；拉长*margin n.(尤指地域或水域的）边缘，边隅；页边的空白，页边bay n.湾，海湾*glance/ n.一瞥，很快的一看vi.一瞥，看一眼*toss vi.&vt.甩头；扔，掷，抛*sprightly adj.活跃的，充满活力的wave n.海浪，波涛；（行为、活动或感情的）一阵，风潮vi.&vt.挥动，摆动；挥手*sparkling adj.闪亮的，闪光的*glee n.高兴，兴奋；幸灾乐祸poet n.诗人*gay adj.快乐的，兴奋的*jocund adj.快活的；高兴的*gaze vi.&n.凝视，盯着看；注视*oft adv.经常，时常*couch n.长沙发*vacant adj.空的，未被占用的*pensive adj.沉思的；郁郁不乐的*inward adj.内心的，精神的*bliss n.极乐，无上幸福，福佑，至福*solitude n.独处，独居Lesson 3league n.里格（旧时长度单位，相当于3英里或3海里）；体育运动联合会，联赛；联盟同盟*violent adj.强烈的；暴力的，强暴的*recollection n.想起，记起desperation n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切sink vi.&vt.下沉，沉没ease n.轻易，毫不费劲grab vt.攫取，抓住nevertheless adv.然而，不过；尽管如此preservation n.维护；保护；保持，维持；保存*drown vi.&vt.(使）淹死，（使）溺毙strike vi.&vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；n.罢工；打击chest n.胸部，胸膛*unconscious adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的being n.生物（尤指人）；诞生；出现；存在whale n.鲸weapon n.武器，兵器；凶器bounce vi.&vt.(使）弹起，（使）反弹steel n.钢，钢铁evidently adv.明显地，显然solid adj.固体的；坚硬的polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的construction n.建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑daybreak n.黎明，破晓*utter vt.(尤指吃力地）发出（声音）Writing Workshop continuation n.延续，继续部分aboard prep.&adv.在（船，飞机，火车）上；上（船，飞机，火车）seaman n.水手，海员；水兵comfort vt.安慰，抚慰n.舒适感，满足感take...for granted 视······为理所当然（而对其不重视）Reading Club 1emotional adj.情绪的，情感的；敏感的；情绪激动的scholar n.有学问的人；学者Reading Club 2poison n.毒药，毒素，毒物；vt.毒害，毒杀forgive vi.&vt.原谅，宽恕，饶恕fence n.栅栏，围栏，篱笆handkerchief n.手帕noble adj.高尚的，崇高的；贵族的Unit9Topic Talkbiology n.生物学capability n.(完成困难事情的）能力，才能marathon n.马拉松赛跑justify vt.证明······有道理，为·····辩护infer vt.推断，推定calculate vt.计算，核算*physicist n.物理学家*athletics n.田径运动会innovate vi.&vt.革新，创新，改革betterment n.(个人社会和经地位的）改良，改善，提高*vaccine n.疫苗*resilience n.恢复力，复原力，适应力participant n.参加者，参与者*doping n.使用违禁药物（以提高体育比赛的成绩）Lesson 1clone vt.克隆，使无性繁殖n.克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体edit/'edit/vi.&vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接*gene n.基因artificially adv.人为地，虚假地barrier n.障碍，壁垒identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的twin n.双胞胎中的一个*mammal n.哺乳动物camel n.骆驼cattle n.牛goat n.山羊forever adv.永远；长久地*primate n.灵长目动物*ape n.猿comparison n.比较reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的wholly adv.完全地clue n.线索，提示accurate adj.准确的，正确的treatment n.诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式*provoke vt.激起，引起emotion n.强烈的情感，激情crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的bound adj.很有可能，肯定会*ethical adj.关于伦理的；合乎道德的mere adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的*inferior adj.低级别的，下级的；差的，次的abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待n.滥用；虐待blessing n.福气，幸运*curse n.祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语Lesson 2*atom n.原子*nerve n.神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛organ n.器官*impulse n.(神经）冲动，（电）脉冲locate vi.& vt.找出··.··的准确位置crossword n.纵横字谜，纵横填字游戏zone n.地区，地带junk food n.(高脂肪、高糖份等的）不利健康的食品，垃圾食品intake n.摄入量，摄取量*omega n.奥米伽（希腊字母表的最后一个字母，即Ω,ω)Lesson 3*epidemic n.传染病，流行病virus n.病毒variation n.变化物，变体；差异，变动factor n.因素，要素*bacteria n.细菌officially adv.官方地，正式地classify vt.将······分类；把······归入一类rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的（baseline n.(医学或科学中的）基线，准线opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的classification n.归类，分类，分级*parallel n.(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的）联系，相似adj.平行的depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的sample n.样本，样品vt.品尝，尝试；对······做抽样调查CE 公元（用于日期后）estimate vt.&n.估计，估算visible adj.看得见的*symptom n.症状；征兆，症候bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏pose vt.造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等）；n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态lung n.肺*steadily adv.稳定的outbreak n.(战争或疾病）爆发;突然发生trial n.试验；审判，审理actual adj.实际的，真实的underline vt.强调，使突出；在···.··之下划线thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的globe n.地球，世界；地球仪Writing Workshop paragraph n.(文章的）段，段落corresponding adj.相应的；对应的differ vi.不同，不一样；有异意identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别Reading Club 1symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地phenomenon n.现象mineral n.矿物质；矿产needle n.针Reading Club 2database n.数据库，资料库suspect n.(犯罪）嫌疑人，可疑分子victim n.(袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的）受害者astronomer n.天文学家。
