高级英语修辞总结

S i m i l e 1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughtsand feelings.2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of theearth.3.…like clouds of flies.4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls…5.And really it was like watching a …armed men;flowingpeacefully up the road;while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction;glittering like scraps of paper.6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo; as precise as achemist’s scales; as penetrating as a scalpel.7.Same age;… but dumb as an ox.8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy…9.It was like digging a tunnel.10.I leaped to my feet; bellowing like a bull.11.Grandmother Macleod; her delicately featured face as rigidas a cameo…12.…the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarletlanterns on the thin hairy stems.13.At night the lake was like black glass…14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder…metaphor1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks;or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feeling.3.It was on such …suddenly the alchemy of conversation …was a focus.4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.6.The conversation was on wings.7.As we listen… to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense.9.Even with the most educated and the most literate;the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.10.When writes of -the sinister corridor of our age;we sit up at the vividness of the phrase;the force and even terror in the image.11.They rise out of the earth; they sweat and starve for a few years;…are gone.12.Down the centre…a little river of urine.13.…in the past;… by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.16.… we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective; to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…17.… yet both… stays the hand of mankind’s final war.18.And if a beached of cooperation may push…19.The energy; the faith…will light our…and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.20.… unfettered the informal… children.21.There follows… frontier.22.Read; then; the following… demonstrate that logic…23.“In other words; if you were out the picture; the field would be open.24.First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window.25.I fought off a wave of despair.26.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind; a fewembers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.27.The first man has poisoned the well before…28.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could…29.Frantically I thought back the tide of panic…30.The rat31.… through the filigree of the spruce trees…32.…. and my new awareness that Piquette sprang from the people of…33.… with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.mixed metaphor1.The charm of conversation is…it will go as it meandersor leaps and sparkles or just glows.2.My brain; that precision instrument; slipped into highgear.metonymy 转喻;借代1.Is the phrase in Shakespeare2.… but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.3. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.4.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.5.…those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons fromour neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home.synecdoche提喻1.Other people may…in which the great minds are supposed…2.Still; a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.3.… actually has… a white skin.4.…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadlyatom…5.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.6.The damn bone’s flared up again.alliteration1.Even with the most educated and the most literate;theKing’s English slips and slides in conversation.2.They rise out of the earth; they sweat and starve for a few years;…are gone.3.She accepted her…as a beast of burden.4.Let the word go forth from this time and place;to friendand foe alike…5.…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadlyatom…6.…but a call to bear the burden of a long…7.… the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…antithesis 对比1.We observe today …symbolizing an end as well as abeginning; signifying renewal as well as change.2.For man holds… human poverty and …human life.3.United;there is little we cannot do in a host ofco-operative ventures.Divided;there is little we can do;for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.4.Let us never negotiate out of fear ; but let us never fearto negotiate.5.... not as a call to bear… but a call to …6.It is; after all; easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smartthan to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.7.Back and forth his head swiveled; desire waxing;resolution waning.8.If there is an irresistible force; there can be noimmovable object. If there is an immovable object; there can be no irresistible force.9.Look at me --- a brilliant student; a tremendousintellectual; a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--- a knothead; a jitterbug; a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.parallelism1.Let every nation know;whether it wishes us well or ill;thatwe shall pay any price;bear any burden;meet anyhardship;suppor any friend;oppose any foe ;to assure the survival and the success of liberty.repetition 反复1.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can webe certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.personification1．The gazelle I was feeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind…not like me.2．The two grey squirrels were still there; gossiping at us…3．The water was always icy; for the lake was fed by springs…transferred epithet 移就1. A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoriclathe;turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2.Instantly; from…there was a frenzied rush ofJews...cigarette.3.I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.4.… meticulously turning it round and round in his smalland curious hands.5.Piquette looked at me from her large dark unsmiling eyes.6.…I was ashamed; ashamed of my own timidity; thefrightened tendency to look the other way.7.Her defiant face; momentarily; became unguarded andunmasked…exaggeration/ hyperbole 夸张1.Perhaps it because of my upbringing in English pubs…itsown.2.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo; as precise as achemist’s scales; as penetrating as a scalpel.3.It is not often that one so young has such a giantintellect.4.… he just … with mad lust…5.You are the whole world to me; and the moon and the starsand the constellations of outer space.6.... dresses that were always miles too long.7.…those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons fromour neat world…Elliptical sentence1.The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys;nowomen—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels;wailing a short chant over and over again.2.No gravestone; no name; no identifying mark of any kind.3.Not hostile; not contemptuous; not sullen; not eveninquisitive.4.Emotional type. Unstable. Impression. Worst of all; afaddist.5.‘I n the library;’…6.Peter; why ....7.“Anything ” I asked; looking at him narrowly.8.Beautiful she was.9.One more chance…10.But just one more.11.Hasty Generalization12.Ad Misericordiam13.After he promised; after he made a deal; after he shookmy handRhetorical questions1.Are they really the same flesh as …or coral insectsOnomatopoetic1.As the storks …winding up the road with a clumping of bootsand a clatter of iron wheels.Understatement1.I am not commenting; merely pointing to a fact.2.This looked as a project of a small dimensions;…Sarcasm1.Anyone can be sorry…owing to some kind of accident of oreven… of sticks.Contrast1.As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marchingsouthward…Inverted sentence1.In your hands; my fellow citizens;…2.Cool was I and logical.3.One more chance…4.Five grueling nights this took;…Double negation1.It was not be thought that I was without love for this girl.Analogy1.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfected woman hr hadfashioned; so I loved mine.2.I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps theyhad gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place; and had simply died out; having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.Allusion1.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfected woman hr hadfashioned; so I loved mine.2.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein…。

高级英语1------常考修辞手法总结1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比，这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。

标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

1. Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

高级英语2修辞总结Lesson 1: XXXPub Talk has a Charm of its OwnGrowing up in English pubs。

I have come to XXX。

It maybe due to my upbringing that I find it XXX meanders。

leaps。

sparkles。

and glows。

No one knows where it will go。

Suddenly。

XXX。

and the XXX.XXXXXX。

we often make ns to history。

We reference the musketeers of Dumas。

the descendants of convicts。

Saxon churls。

and XXX.XXXXXX for effect。

For example。

getting out of bed on the wrong side is not a XXX。

we may say it to add humor or emphasize a point.XXXXXX。

They help us express complex ideas in a simple way。

For instance。

we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes ofthe XXX and way of life。

Another example is the XXX ideas spread like seeds。

XXX.Avoiding Slip-XXXWhile pub talk has its charm。

it is XXX in our language。

Itis essential to XXX.5.The n een ns can e n and mistrust。

英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。

明喻的表达方法是：A像B。

2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。

喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。

暗喻又叫隐喻。

例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。

（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。

4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。

就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。

5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。

夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。

转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。

转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。

10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。

U n i t1M i d d l e E a s t e r n B a z a a r 1. Onomatopoeia拟声法: is the formation of words in imitation or the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1 Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells threadtheir way among the throngs of people Para. 12 the squeaking and rumbling Para. 92. Metaphor隐喻: is the use of a word or phrase which describes onee.g. 1 the heat and glare of a big open square Para. 12…until you rounded a corner and see a fairlyland of dancing flashes….3…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar Para. 73. alliteration头韵: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1 …thread their way among the throngs of people Para. 1 2…the sellers; on the other hand; make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole夸张: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big; small; loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger; smaller; louder; etc.e.g.or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and…Para. 7quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil Para. 95．Antithesis对偶: is the setting; often in parallel structure; of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.e.g. 1 …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a hugeleather bellows…Para. 52 …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camelsand their stone wheels. Para. 96. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objectsare endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …Para.57. Assonance尾韵e.g. 1… the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding wheels….Unit 21.Metaphor: 暗喻A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another; thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一种修辞;通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物;从而暗示二者之间的相似之处..1. And secondly; because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sadthoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.2. …I was again crushed by the thought…Page 13; Para. 4; Line 13. …At last the intermezzo came to an end and…Page 13; Para. 4; Line 14. ...when the meaning of these last words sank in;jolting me (15)P. 7; Lines 1~32. alliteration头韵: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1the fast train in the world slipped to a stop….2I feel sick;; and ever since then they have been testing and treating me….3. rhetorical question 反诘句e.g. 1 Was I not at the scene of the crime4. Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole a hand for sailor ; the whole for a part as the law for police officer ; the specific for the general as cutthroat for assassin ; the general for the specific as thief for pickpocket ; or the material for the thing from which it is made as steel for sword .举隅法;提喻法：一种修辞方法;以局部代表整体如用手代表水手 ;以整体代表局部如用法律代表警官 ;以特殊代表一般如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者 ;以一般代表特殊如用贼代表扒手 ;或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西如用钢代表剑e.g.1 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Para. 7l ittle old Japan: traditional Japanese houses2 There were fresh bows; and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .synecdoche5. Metonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; as in the use of “Washington” for “the United States government” or of“the sword” for “military power”.换喻;转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法;如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. Para. 7the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture6. Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：正话反说或反话正说以达到幽默和讽刺的效果..e.g. 1This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. P. 177. Sarcasm讽刺Sarcasm is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt.e.g. 1Hiroshima—the “liveliest” City in Japan2If you want to write this city; do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan; even if…8. Euphemism 委婉语Speak with good words 把话说得好听些;婉转些;使听者感到愉快..e.g. 1Each day that I escape death; each day of suffering that helpsto free me from earthly cares….指尘世的生活现在的痛苦9. Climax: 层进法/渐升A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法e.g. 1No one talks about it any more; and no one wants to; especially the people who were born here or who lived through it. page 15~16;Para. 12; Lines 1~3从没人提它了;到不想提它了;再进为更不想提它了10. Anti-climax: 渐降Anti-climax; as used in the text; states one’s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak; from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors; who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb; but who ironically heard “oysters” in the end.渐降表述概念的方式是使意义强烈的语言按照步步降低的语气顺序排列;语势由强而弱;语气由重到轻;有此达到取笑、讽刺或是喜剧的效果..e.g. 1 seldom has a city gained such world renown提到广岛的名气;首先想到的是原子弹and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima; a town known throughout the world forits—oysters.”p.1511. Simile 明喻is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the words as or likee.g. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them…Unit 3 Ships in the Desert1．Personification拟人e.g. 1 Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship; there was nothing but hot dry sand. Para. 12 With the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky. 2．Hyperbolee.g. the population explosion Para. 53．Metaphor1)another ghostly image Para. 62)What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky Para. 83)A sudden and starting surge in human population.4．Metonymy转喻1)the relationship between the two superpowers Para. 232)…in a small tent pitched on a 12-foot slab厚板 of ice floatingin the frigid Arctic Ocean….5. Analogy 类比1…witness humankind’s assault on the earth…2 The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization ….Para26Unit 5 Speech on Hitler’1. Rhetorical question interrogationInterrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer; butfor the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.E.g. …but can you doubt what our policy will be3. parallel structure1)We will never parleyWe will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gangp.802)we shall fight him by landwe shall fight him by seawe shall fight him in the air. p.803)behind all this glarebehind all this storm I see…p.804)I see the Russian soldiers standing…I see them guarding…I see the ten thousand villages…I see advancing upon…p.795 The past; with its crimes; its follies; and its tragedies; flashes away.6 Pray…for the safety of their loved ones; the return of the bread-winner; of their champion; of their protector.4. InversionA change in normal word order; such as the placement of a verb before its subjecta From this nothing will turn us—nothing P. 805. RepetitionThe repeated use of the same synonymous words; to add force; clearness or balance to a sentenceWe have but one aim and one single; irrevocable purpose. p.78He has so long thrived and prospered. p.81We will never parley; we will never negotiate…p.806. simileA figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared; often in a phrase introduced by like or as; as in “How like the winter hath my absence been” or “So are you to my thoughts as food to life” Shakespeare.明喻：一种修辞手法;把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较;通常在由like 或 as 引导的短1 the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawlinglocusts.p79-802 The Russian danger is therefore our danger; and the danger ofthe USA;just as the cause of any Russian fighting for…..7. metaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another; thus making an implicit comparison.暗喻是一种修辞;通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物;从而暗示二者之间的相似之处..a I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land…threshold refers to the threshold of their nation. p.79b Behind all this glare; behind all this storm; I see that small group of … p.80Glare: a fierce or angry stare; Here it refers to war fire. Storm: strong wind and rain; Here it refers to war or Hitler’s assault on the other countries.c …delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a saferprey the Russian soldiers. p.80d I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. Page 77; Para. 1;the last sentencee We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Naziregime. Page80; Para. 3; Lines 6~8f we have rid the earth of his shadow influence and liberated itspeoples from his yokecontrol. p.808. alliterationThe repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables; as in 头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复..如：1 Hearth and home p.822 I also see the dull; drilled; docil e; brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.p.793Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. p.829. PersonificationA figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human formI see the German bombers and fighters in the sky; still smarting from many a British whipping; delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. p.79-8010. hyperboleA figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effec t; as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法：一种比喻;使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果;比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重中1 If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. Hitler is much eviler than the devil. p.7811. Onomatopoeia拟声1…with its clanking; heel clicking; dandified….12. Antithesis 对偶1Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.13. Collusion典故1 I asked whether for him; the arch anti—communist; this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon14.Syllogism三段论推理Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson2.e.g. 1 Indeed; this nation’s best-loved author was every bit asadventurous; patriotic; romantic; and humorous as anyonehas ever imagined. Para. 12 Tom’s mischievous daring; ingenuity; and the sweetinnocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almostas sure to be studied in American schools today as is theDeclaration of Independence. Para. 153Most American remember M. T. as the father of.... 4 ..a memory that seemed phonographic2. Metaphore.g. 1 …who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. Para. 12 …main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.Para. 3.the epidemic of gold and silver fever...4. Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaTwain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscle s...3. Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a tauntingand bitter manner; and its aim is to disparage; ridiculeand wound the feelings of the subject attacked. It is mostoften restricted to the making of brief; unpleasant remarksthat are motivated by hostility and contempt.e.g. 1…I knew more about retreating than the man that inventedretreating. Para. 62 …one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler manin a night. Para. 134. Alliteration头韵.e.g. It was a splendid population –for all the slow; sleepy;sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost orconsequences”5. Antithesis对偶e.g. 1…of the difference between what people claim to be and whatthey really are. Para. 52…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.3 It was a splengded population—for all the slow; sleepy;sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home…...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...6. euphemisme.g. 1 He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band ofConfiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact withthe enemy.2 he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s finalrelease from earthly struggles3 they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence..7. metonymy转喻e.g. …but for making money; his pen would prove mightier than hispickax.8.personification.The grave world smiles as usually and says….9.Transferred epithet 转移修饰语e.g. He had to leave the city for a while because of some scathingcolumns he wrote.10. Hyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of free dom...Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic c ruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer o f freedom and adventure.SynecdocheKeelboats;...carried the first major commerceUnit 10 The Trial that Rocked the World1. Metaphor:No one;... that may case would snowball into...The oratorical storm that…....our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…2. Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...3. Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines; the books; the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below. 4. Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldHis reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.overstatement5. Ridicule丑化Bryan; ageing and paunchy; was assisted ...….and it is a mighty strong combinationBryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Resolutely he strode to the stand; carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.6. Sarcasm讽刺:There is some doubt about that.And it is a mighty strong combination.In one hand he brandished a biology text text as he denounced the scientists who had come to Dayton to testify for the defence.7. Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court.8. AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.9. Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...10. Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...11. synecdoche提喻1 the case had erupted round my head12. oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a ; “victorious defeat”p of a rope; the hiss of sudden spray.13 .Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：正话反说或反话正说以达到幽默和讽刺的效果..e.g. Until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16thcentury.14. Pun 双关Darwin Is Right—inside15.synaesthesia 通感“Mama”Wangero said sweet as a bird…..。

高级英语2第十课修辞总结摘要：一、引言二、高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述1.比喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问三、修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用1.比喻1.明喻2.隐喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问四、修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用五、结论正文：【引言】高级英语2 第十课主要介绍了修辞学中的几种重要手法，包括比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。

这些修辞手法在英语写作中有着广泛的应用，能够有效地提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。

【高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述】修辞学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究如何运用各种语言手段来增强语言表达的效果。

在第十课中，我们主要学习了以下四种修辞手法：1.比喻：通过将两种本质上不同的事物进行类比，以形象生动的方式表达抽象的概念。

比喻可以分为明喻和隐喻两种。

2.拟人：将无生命的事物赋予生命和人的特征，使其具有感情、动作等。

3.夸张：对某一事物的特点进行夸大描述，以突出表现其特性。

4.反问：提出一个问题，但实际上并不需要对方回答，其目的是为了加强语气，表达说话者的观点。

【修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。

以下是一些实例：1.比喻：例如，“时间是金钱”，通过将时间和金钱进行类比，形象地表达了时间的宝贵。

2.拟人：例如，“月亮羞涩地躲在云朵后面”，将月亮赋予了人的情感和动作。

3.夸张：例如，“他饿得能吃下一头牛”，夸张地描述了他的饥饿程度。

4.反问：例如，“这难道不是一件很明显的事情吗？”通过反问加强语气，表达说话者的观点。

【修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用】修辞手法的运用可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强读者的阅读兴趣。

同时，修辞手法还能够有效地传达作者的情感和观点，使文章更具说服力。

因此，学习和掌握修辞手法对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。

【结论】总之，高级英语2 第十课为我们介绍了四种重要的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。

在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。

一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物Examples:I wandered lonely as a cloud. (W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird. ―C an I have these old quilts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.④The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. (William Shakespeare)整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。