现在完成时态的讲解和练习题(6月5日)

1 语法的讲解和练习题

现在完成时态

一、 构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词+其他

否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。

疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

二、 用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在

（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态

常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：

※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .

②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“…曾经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？

④before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.

⑤yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.

⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.

⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.

（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

①for＋表示一段时间的词语 I have taught English for 19 years。

②since＋表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this schoolsince 1986.

③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.

④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

2 三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。

Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?

常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:

1、borrow / lend→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish / end→be over,

4、begin / start→be on 5、open→be open 6、 close→be closed, 7、die→be dead

8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,

9、leave→be away（from） 10、go to school→be in school / be a student,

11、get up→be up, 12、fall asleep→be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill

14、get to know→know, 15、lose→be lost 16、become→be 17、begin to study→study,

18、return / come back / get back→be back 19、join→be in / be a…member,

20、join the army→be in the army /be a soldier

21、receive / get a letter→have a letter 22、 catch / get a cold→have a cold

Eg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:

He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.

Hehas been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.

四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题

1. have been to和have gone to的区别

have been to强调“曾经去过…”，现已不在那里，已经回来了

have gone to主要强调的是“去了…”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。

2. have been to和have been in的区别

have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。

have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语

五．练习题

1. — Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new? —No, I ____ it for two years.

A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought

2. His grandfather _____ for over two years.

A. has died B. has been dead C. has dead D. died 3 3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _____ England for 5 years.

A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in

4. Where is Mr. Zhang?—He _____ London.

A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to

5. _____ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.

A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go

6. I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday.A. for B. since C. from D. on

7. John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please!

—OK, Mum.

A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play

8.I won’t go to the concert because I _____ my ticket.

A. lost B. don’t lose C. have lost D. will lost

9、He has ___ a computer engineer for over ten years .

A. become B. been C. got D. gone

10.I’v never seen such a fine painting ______. A. before B.ago ter D.soon

二〃句型转换

1.I have been to Hainan Islang.( 改为一般疑问句) ______you_______ to Hainan Islang？

2〃Has Mary returned the dictionary yet?(做否定回答) ____________,she________

3.The film began half an hour ago .(改为同义句)

The film _____ _________ _____ for half an hour .

4.They have been to that beach twice .（对划线部分提问）

_______ ______ _______ ________they been to that beach ?

5.They have already read this novel.(改为否定句)

They ________ ______ _____this novel_______?

三〃根据汉语完成句子

1、吉姆离开图书馆已经10分钟了。Jim _________________________________.

2.你曾经去过动物园吗？______________________________________

3.玛丽的朋友从未去过水上公园。_________________________________

期末复习

一．根据句意写出单词或短语的正确形式。 4 1. I think there will be more________(机器人) in the future.

2. ___________(每件事情) will be getting better and better.

3. Could you please give me some pieces of ____________(纸).

4. My time will be ______ and ________(少).

5. We should try our best to reduce _________(污染).

6. Environment has been __________(污染) seriously.

7. There are many _________(树) on this street.