高考英语语法词汇专项突破：11非谓语动词易错考点变式对比与解析(含高考真题)

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：非谓语动词易错考点变式对比与解析

养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

考情速递 非谓语动词一直是历年高考英语的热点和难点，本文结合相关高考真题对部分非谓语动词的考查热点通过对比的方式进行解读。

Group 1

(1) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house

during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. (XXXX新课标全国卷II语法填空题)

(2) When

a lake cools, the (cool) water at the surface flows to the bottom because of its greater density.

(3) The motor is allowed to start up only

when the water (cool) tank has been full of water.

【参考答案】(1) to cool (2) cooled (3) cooling

【考点设置】①不定式的固定结构；①动名词作定语；①过去分词作定语

【思路点拨】题(1)根据enough看出是enough+to do结构。现在分词作结果状语表示符合逻辑的结果，不定式表示结果常与only连用表示出乎意料的结果，或者用于too..to…, enough to…, so…as to等结构中。题(2)由前面的状语看出水已经被cool，所以用过去分词作前置定语，句意是：当湖泊降温时，湖面的冷水，由于密度较大而流向湖底。题(3)根据full of water看出cool是tank的用途，用动名词作定语，句意是：电动机只有在冷却水箱中充满水后才允许起动。

【考例】（2023▪全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to

more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)

system of ring roads.

答案与解析：built。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。

这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。

Group 2

(1) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for

people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (XXXX新课标全国卷I语法填空题)

(2) Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were (live) there, she wouldn’t be

able to see her parents very often. (改编自XXX2安徽卷31)

(3) According to the literary review, Shakespeare makes his charities (live) live through their language in

his plays. (改编自XXXX福建卷35)

【参考答案】(1) living (2) to live (3) live

【考点设置】①现在分词作定语；①be to结构；①不定式作宾补省掉to的情况

【思路点拨】题(1)分词作定语，live是不及物动词，且与被修饰词people之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作定语。题(2)根据were和wouldn’t看出是虚拟语气，根据句意看出表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句谓语动词用were to do结构。“be to +动词原形”中的be to用作情态习语, 这时的be to do表示 “计划”、“安排”、“义务”、“应该”、“可能”、“命运”等。在if从句虚拟语气中用were to+动词不定式表示与将来事实相反的情况。题(3)从make看出用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，由于不及物动词live不能用被动，而且make的宾补也不用doing，所以用不定式，但是其跟不定式作宾语在主动语态中to要省掉。使役动词let, have, make跟不定式作宾补在主动语态要省掉to，如果用于被动语态则要带上to，尤其以make最常用。而使役动词get, force跟不定式作宾语需要带to。注意make不跟现在分词作宾补，而send sb.doing sth.表示“使某人做某事”，catch

sb. doing sth.表示“撞见某人做某事”。

【考例】（2017•浙江）But something made her look close, and she noticed a ______________ (shine) object.

shining

答案与解析：shining。考查非谓语动词的现在分词作定语。根据不定冠词a和名词object，可以看出所给的动词shine要用可以作定语的形式，根据shine与object之间的主动关系可以理解为The object is shining，因此用其现在非常形式shining作定语修饰object, 与object 为主动关系，故用现在分词shining。

Group3

(1) Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be

flexible as well as strong. （XXXX辽宁卷 填空题）

(2) —Is Anne coming tomorrow?

—I don’t think so. If she were to come, she (call) me. (改编自XXXX山东卷8)

(3) We (call) a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home. (改编自XXXX天津卷15)

(4) (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. (改编自XXXX全国大纲卷33)

(5) I'll be out for some time. In case anything important happens, ______(call) me up immediately. (改编自XXXX四川卷8)

(6) I’ve got into the habit of (call) in on my grandparents on my way home from school. (改编自XXXX江西卷24)

(7) Listen! Do you hear someone __________(call) for help? (改编自XXXX湖南卷21)

(8)—Have you read book_______ (call) Waiting for Anya?

—Who wrote it? （改编自XXXX北京卷22）

(9) －Did you tell Julia about the result?

－Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ (call) her now. (改编自2005全国卷)

【参考答案】(1) is called (2) would have called (3) would have called (4) Call (5) call (6) calling

(7) calling (8) called (9) will call

【考点设置】①虚拟语气的谓语动词；①时态和语态；①现在分词作宾补；①过去分词作定语；①祈使句构成形式

【思路点拨】题(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (9)根据句子的结构判定用谓语动词构成句子。题(1)陈述事实，用一般现在时，主谓之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态；题(2)根据“我认为她不会来”推出“要是她来，就给我打过电话了”，主句表示与过去事实相反，用would have done结构；题(3)同题(2)；题(4)是“祈使句+and+陈述句”；题(5) In case引导状语从句，所以主句动词原形构成祈使句；题(9)表示临时决定，用will do形式。题(6)介词后跟宾语，用动名词。题(7)根据Listen!看出表示正在进行的事情，由hear看出是hear sb. doing sth.结构，用现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行。题(8)非谓语动词作定语，book与call是动宾关系，被动意义，用过去分词。题(9)根据句意看出是表示临时做出的决定，用will do形式。

【考例】（2019·江苏改）China's image is improving steadily, with more countries __________ (recognize) its

role in international affairs.

答案与解析：recognizing。考查非谓语动词现在非常作宾语补足语。根据介词with和名词more countries。

结合做给的动词recognize看出是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，即with+复合宾语结构。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。

Group 4

(1) While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and

require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （XXXX新课标I 语法填空）amazing