高英课件Lesson 3 At War with the Planet

Gully Erosion (沟状侵蚀)
• a severe form of soil erosion,
• greatly accelerated by human activities such as urbanization, deforestation, overgrazing of cattle, etc. as they remove the remaining soil.
• Why is the image of the earth misleading?
• Can you name some other harmful effects that human exert on the environment?
Paras. 1-2
• exempt a. relieve, free 免除的 • breach v. to break a law, promise, agreement or
• Paras. 17-21: the issue should be understood in
terms of their interplay
• Paras. 22-23: how to solve the conflict between
the two worlds
Questions for Paras. 1-4
• Depletion of underground water caused by deforestation
Deforestation
• Widespread deforestation are caused by human activities, such as commercial logging, agriculture, mining, and oil exploration, etc.

第9页，共10页。
How does the author illustrate the closed cyclical processes in the ecosphere?
The author again uses the fish as an example. He tries to show that in the closed circular system, everything produced in one part of the cycle goes somewhere and is used in the later step. So there is no such thing as “waste”.
第10页，共10页。
There is
no such
thing
as a free lunch
第2页，共10页。
Para. 10
The second law of ecosphere Everything has to go somewhere
第3页，共10页。
Key words
respire[rɪ'spaɪə]
v. to breathe in and out
第5页，共10页。
mold[məʊld] n. any of various fungi that often cause disintegration of organic matter（能引起 有机物质分解的真菌） e.g. Throw that bread away. It has been kept for so many days, and there is mold on it .
Part IV (10--11) The closed cyclical process of ecosphere and the linear process of technosphere

• Commoner was born in Brooklyn. He received his bachelor’s degree in zoology from Columbia University (1937) and his master’s and doctoral degrees from Harvard University (1938, 1941). After serving as a lieutenant in the United States Navy during WWII.
Dust storm in Beijing
Dust storm(April,17, 2006)
The Author
The Author on the Magazine
About the Author
[美] 巴里·康芒纳（Barry Commoner）
《封闭的循环》 （THE CLOSING CIRCLE ） ——自然、人和技术
• During the late 1950s, Commoner became a well-known protester against nuclear testing. He went on to write several books about the negative ecological effects of above-ground nuclear testing. In 1970 he received the International Humanist Award from the
• Primitive forests are seriously damaged
• People don’t have Safe drinking water

• Part V. (pp. 12-14) The consistent and harmonious nature of ecosphere as contrasted to the rapid change and variation of the techno-sphere.
• Part VI. (pp. 15-16) The consequences of failure of the ecosphere and the techno-sphere.
At War with the Planet
Barry Commoner
• Commoner's activist career can be defined as an attempt to weave together a larger vision of social justice. Since the 1960s, he has called attention to parallels between the environmental, civil rights, labor, and peace movements, and connected environmental decline with poverty, injustice, exploitation, and war, arguing that the root cause of environmental problems was the American economic system and its manifestations.
Outline of the essay (eight parts)
• Part Ⅰ (pp. 1) • Introduction: people live in 2 worlds, natural