不规则动词的过去式及过去分词

初中英语知识点归纳不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式的用法区别初中英语知识点归纳: 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式的用法区别在初中英语学习中，我们经常会遇到不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式。

与规则动词不同，不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式并没有固定的规则可循，需要通过记忆和熟悉来掌握。

本文将对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式的用法区别进行归纳总结。

一、不规则动词的过去式用法1. 动词的过去式通常用来表示过去发生的动作、状态或事件。

例如：- go（去）的过去式是went。

- I went to the park yesterday.（昨天我去了公园。

）2. 动词的过去式还可以用来表示过去的习惯性动作。

例如：- He always came to school early.（他总是早早地来上学。

）3. 动词的过去式还可以表示过去的愿望、建议或假设。

例如：- If I were you, I would tell her the truth.（如果我是你，我会告诉她真相。

）4. 动词的过去式也可以与时间状语连用，表示过去的具体时间点。

例如：- He left for London last week.（他上周去伦敦了。

）二、不规则动词的过去分词用法1. 动词的过去分词通常用来构成完成时态和被动语态。

例如：- have/has gone（去过）- I have gone to the supermarket.（我去过超市。

）2. 过去分词也可以用作形容词，修饰名词或代词。

例如：- The broken cup needs to be replaced.（这个破碗杯需要更换。

）3. 过去分词也可以作为独立主语或宾语补足语。

例如：- The job finished, we went home.（工作完成了，我们回家了。

）三、过去式和过去分词形式的用法区别不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式有时可以相同，有时则不同。

动词过去式不规则变化总结英语不规则动词变化总结：一、AAA型（原形→过去式→过去分词）这个型别的动词在过去式和过去分词时都保持原形不变。

例如，read的过去式和过去分词都是read，意思是“读”。

二、ABA型（原形→过去式→过去分词）这个型别的动词在过去式和原形之间变化，过去分词与原形相同。

例如，e的过去式是became，意思是“成为”。

三、ABC型1.ow→ew→own这个型别的动词在过去式和原形之间变化，过去分词以“-n”结尾。

例如，blow的过去式是blew，过去分词是blown，意思是“吹”。

2.i→a→u这个型别的动词在过去式和原形之间变化，过去分词没有规律。

例如，begin的过去式是XXX，过去分词是begun，意思是“开始”。

3.原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n这个型别的动词在过去式和过去分词之间加上“-n”。

例如，wear的过去式是wore，过去分词是worn，意思是“穿”。

4.原形→过去式→原形+(e)n这个型别的动词在过去式和过去分词之间加上“-en”。

例如，eat的过去式是ate，过去分词是eaten，意思是“吃”。

5.无规律这些动词的过去式和过去分词没有规律。

例如，begin的过去式是XXX，过去分词是begun，意思是“开始”。

四、ABB型1.原形→XXX→XXX这个型别的动词在过去式和过去分词中都加上“-t”。

例如，bring的过去式是brought，过去分词是brought，意思是“带来”。

2.原形→XXX→aught这个型别的动词在过去式和过去分词中都加上“-t”。

例如，catch的过去式是caught，过去分词是caught，意思是“捕捉”。

3.变其中一个元音字母这个型别的动词在过去式和过去分词中都变化一个元音字母。

例如，sing的过去式是sang，过去分词是sung，意思是“唱”。

Meet。

get。

hold。

babysit。

sit。

win。

and find are all irregular verbs in English。

不规则动词过去式和过去分词的构成动词的基本形式：1）动词的五种基本形式及其构成2）巧记ABB型不规则动词3）巧记ABC型一些常用的非持续性动词与之对应的持续性动词borro w－keep（借入）bu y－have （买回）com e－be here（来）go-be there（去）di e－be dead（死）ope n－be open（开）close-be closed（关）fall asleep –be asleep（入睡）put o n－wear（穿）get up –be up（起床）get to know－know（认识）leave-be away（离开）come bac k－be back（回来）begin / star t－be on（开始）end / finish – be over（结束，完成）wake u p－be awake（醒来）marr y/get married－be married（结婚）catch a col d－have a cold（感冒）start to stud y－study（学习）fall aslee p－be asleep（入睡）los e－not have（失去，丢失）fall ill-be ill（生病）join-be in / be a member of（加入）reach / arrive / get to-be here / there （到达）常用的同音词our-------hour dear-----deer meat--------meet father----farther hair----hare(野兔) no----know right--------write hear-----here son------sun whether—weather sea----see their---there wait-----weight latter----letter where----wear wood------would way----weigh one---won too----two----to ate-----eight be--------bee new------knew blue----blew(吹) peace------piece red------read(过去式) four-----for war-----wore its-----it’spear------pair week----weak threw-----through nose----knows past----passed whose------who’s hole----whole buy-----bye----by I------eye hi-----high his-----he’s常见的不规则名词复数foot-----feet tooth-----teeth goose------geese mouse-----mice man----men woman-----women policewoman------policewomen Englishman-----Englishmen Englishwoman----Englishwomen Frenchman----Frenchmen Frenchwoman----Frenchwomen German----Germans sheep-----sheep deer----deer fish----fish ox---oxen Chinese----Chinese Japanese-----Japanese child----children tomato----tomatoes potato----potatoes hero----heroes Negro----Negroes woman teacher------women teachers反义词come---go left---right up---down in front of----behind clean---dirty new---old quiet---noisy big---small beautiful---ugly interesting---boring east---west south---north like---dislike dangerous---safe summer---winter autumn---spring hot---cold cool---warm humid---dry out of---into great---terrible short---long short---tall thin---heavy thin---fat curly---straight countable---uncountable large---small regular---irregular present---past happy---unhappy fair---unfair old---young fantastic---awful friendly---unfriendly expensive---cheap cry---laugh outside---inside in class---after class yes---no white---black this---that father---mother boy---girl grand father---grandmother aunt---uncle sister---brother borrow—lend son---daughter these---those question---answer he---she get up---go to bed full---empty full---hungry above---below on------under lost---found open---close give---get first---last write--right clever---foolish bring-take sell---buy woman---man busy---free crowded---uncrowded remember---forget safety---danger old—new weak—strong high—low。

不规则动词过去式、过去分词变化表种类汉语原形过去式过去分词能can could /AB 型将要；会；⋯好shall should / 将要；会；愿意；要will would /可以；也；可能may might /（多少）；花cost cost cost切；剪；削；割cut cut cut打；撞；中hit hit hit害；受；人感情hurt hurt hurtlet let let AAA 型必；当；必定是must must must 放；put put put放；部署set set set关上；封 / 禁；合shut shut shut延伸；张开spread spread spread；朗read read read /red/ AAB 型敲打；打；打beat beat beaten 得；成become became become ABA 型来；抵达come came come 跑/ 奔跑；（色）褪色run ran run拿来；来；取来bring brought broughtbuy bought bought 想；；考think thought thought接/ 捉住 ;追上 ;染上（疾病）catch caught caught教；教teach taught taught建筑；建立build built built借（出）；把⋯借lend lent lent打；派遗；送；寄send sent sentABB 型度；花（ / ）spend spent spent 失去；失lose lost lost 粘住；住；持stick stuck stuck 挖（洞、沟等）；掘dig dug dug 挂；吊着；把⋯吊起hang hung hung 感；得；摸；触feel felt felt 保持；保存；不断keep kept kept 睡sleep slept slept嗅；到；出（气味）smell smelt smelt 拼写spell spelt spelt溢出；出；洒出spill spilt spilt 放；lay laid laid 付；⋯ 酬pay paid paid ；say said said；售sell sold sold 告；述；叮嘱tell told told坐sit sat sat吐痰；吐唾沫spit spat spat 站；立；起立；stand stood stood 坐落；受；长远懂得；理解；理解understand understood understood 燃 / 着火；使焦 / 晒黑burn burnt burntABB 型学；学；学会learn learnt learnt 意思是；意指mean meant meant 糟蹋；坏；溺spoil spoilt spoilt 梦；梦想dream dreamt dreamt 喂（养）；（养）feed fed fed 遇；到meet met met ；lead led led 成；获取；拥有；达到get got got 光；照耀；优异；擦亮shine shone shone ；得win won won 有；吃 / 喝；行 / 受have / has had had 制造；做；使得make made made 听；听；得知hear heard heard 打架 / 仗；与⋯打仗fight fought fought 找到；；感觉find found found 拿/ 抱；握住 ;行hold held held 是be was/were been 开始；着手begin began begun 喝；drink drank drunkABC 型（ / ）响；打ring rang rung 唱；唱歌sing sang sung下沉；吞没sink sank sunk吹；刮；吹气blow blew blown（ / 机）；（人乘机）fly flew flown 行；（旌旗）生；育；种植；得grow grew grown知道；认识；；懂得know knew known投；；扔throw threw thrown画；制；拉；拖；提取draw drew drawn （金）⋯看；出示；示show showed shown打破；坏；打开break broke broken；偷取steal stole stolenchoose chose chosen 忘；忘掉forget forgot forgotten冰freeze froze frozen；；；言speak spoke spoken醒；醒来；叫醒wake woke woken；开（）；赶drive drove driven ABC 型吃eat ate eaten 落（下）；降落 ; 倒fall fell fallen；；付出；予give gave given把⋯藏起来；藏hide hid hidden（ / 自行）；乘ride rode ridden上升；上rise rose risen拿；拿走；做；take took taken 服（）；乘坐；花弄mistake mistook mistaken（使）；震shake shook shaken写；写；写作；著述write wrote written是am / is was been是are were been做；干do did done去；走；得；通往go went gone躺；卧；平放；位于lie lay lain看 / 到；会；拜会see saw seen穿；戴wear wore worn短文改错答题技巧（一）短文改错考点1.名词：单复数用错，可数名词跟不可以数名词混用2.数词 :基数词和序数词混用3.形容词 :最高等前少 the, 单音节前加 more, 或比较级前加 more4.冠词： an, a, the5.代词：性别用错，单复数用错6.连词： but, and, so, because混用7. 固定搭配：带有介词的短语，介词用错，如：talk about---talk for/in/at8.固定用法： keep doing sth, be interested in doing sth/sth9.时态 :一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时10. 语态：主动和被动混用被动：be +过去分词（二）改错技巧1.看到 an,改为 a, 也许 the2.ing 改为 ed 结尾3.单数变复数，也许复数变单数4.主动改被动，或被动改主动5.but 改 and, 或 and 改 but, so 改 because, because改 so,6.看到 but 就删掉7.形容词 +ly/er/est。

不规那么动词过去式和过去分词大表Infinitive原形Simple Past过去式Past Participle过去分词中文Aarise [ ?'raiz] arose arisen awake [ ?'weik] awoke/ awakened awokenBbe was / were beenbear [b ε ?] bore born / borne beat [bi:t] beat beaten / beat become became become befall [bi'f ? :l] befell befallen begin began begun behold [bi'h ?uld] beheld beheld bend [bend] bent bentbet bet / betted bet / betted bid bid bidbind bound boundbite [bait] bit bittenbleed bled bledblow [bl ?u] blew blownbreak broke broken breed [bri:d] bred bredbring brought brought broadcastbroadcast broadcast ['br ? :dk ɑ:st,]browbeatbrowbeat browbeat ['braubi:t]build [bild] built builtburn [b ?:n] burnt/ burned burnt/burned burst [b ?:st] burst burstbust [b ?st] busted/ bust busted/ bust buy [bai] bought boughtCcast [k ɑ:s, k?st] cast castcatch [k?t ? ] caught caught choose [t ? u:z] chose chosen cling [kli ? ] clung clungcome came comecost [k ? st] cost costcreep [kri:p] crept creptcut [k ?t] cut cutD 出现；上升；起立唤醒；使觉醒忍受打；打败变得；变成降临；发生开始看；注视使弯曲；使屈服打赌投标；出价绑；约束；装订咬流血风吹打破，弄破；中断繁殖；饲养带来；促使；引起播送，播放恫吓，吓唬；欺侮建立；建筑燃烧；烧毁爆发，突发；爆炸破产；爆裂购置投，抛赶上；抓住选择，决定坚持花费；使付出爬行；蔓延切割deal [di:l] dealt dealtdig dug dugdive ['di:vei, daiv] dived diveddive ['di:vei, daiv] dove diveddo did donedraw [dr ? :] drew drawndream [dri:m] dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed drink [dri ? k] drank drunkdrive [draiv] drove drivendwell [dwel] dwelt/ dwelled dwelt/ dwelledEeat ate eatenFfall [f ? :l] fell fallenfeed [fi:d] fed fedfeel ['fi:l] felt feltfight ['fait] fought foughtfind [faind] found foundfit (to be rightfit fitsize)fit (to tailor,fit/ fitted fit/ fitted change size)flee [fli:] fled fledfling [fli ? ] flung flungfly [flai] flew flownforbid [f ?'bid] forbade forbidden forecast ['f ? :k ɑ:st] forecast forecastforego [f ? :, ɡ?u] forewent foregone foresee [f ? :'si:] foresaw foreseen foretell [f ? :'tel] foretold foretoldforget [f ?'g ? t] forgot forgotten forgive [f ?' ɡiv] forgave forgiven forsake [f ? 'seik] forsook forsakenfreeze [fri:z] froze frozenGget got gotten/ got give gave givengo went gonegrind [ ɡraind] ground groundgrow [ɡr?u] grew grownHhang ['h? ? ] hung hunghave had hadhear [hi ?] heard heardhide hid hidden理；予挖掘潜水跳水画；拉梦想；做梦喝，开居住落下；来喂养；供感；；触摸打架；与⋯打仗；；感到适合身逃跑；消失，抛；嘲笑；禁止；阻碍，阻止，；示放弃；居先；知言；示；告忘；忽略原；免除〔、〕放弃；断念；冷去磨碎；折磨展；生；种植挂；死听；听藏；hit [hit] hit hithold [h ?uld] held heldhurt [h ?:t] hurt hurtIinput ['input] input inputinset ['inset, ,in'set] inset inset interbreedinterbred interbred[int ?'bri:d]interweaveinterwove interwoven [,int ?'wi:v]Kkeep kept keptkneel [ni:l] knelt/ kneeled knelt/ kneeled knit [nit] knit/ knitted knit/ knitted know [n ?u] knew knownLlay [lei] laid laidlead [[li:d], [led]] led ledlean [li:n] leaned/ leant leaned/ leant leap [li:p] leapt/ leaped leapt/ leaped learn [l ?:n] learned/ learnt learned/ learnt leave [li:v] left leftlend [lend] lent lentlet let letlie [lai] lay lainlight ['lait] lit / lighted lit / lighted lose [lu:z] lost lostMmake made mademean [mi:n] meant meantmeet [mi:t] met metmishear [,mis'hi ?] misheard misheard mislay [,mis'lei] mislaid mislaid mislead [,mis'li:d] misled misled misread [,mis'ri:d] misread misreadmisspell [,mis'spel] misspelled/misspelled/ misspelt misspeltmistake [mi'steik] mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow[mau] mowed mowed/ mow Ooutbid [,aut'bid] outbid outbidoutdo [,aut'du] outdid outdone outgrow [,aut' ɡr?u] outgrew outgrown outrun outran outrun 打；打持有；有；支持使受；害；使疼痛入；将⋯入嵌入；插入异种交配；混种；交〔使〕交；；〔使〕混跪下，跪；合知道；；了解躺下；卵；放；引；指斜；倚靠；向；依跳，跳学；得知；到开；留下款；把⋯⋯借躺；；位于照亮；点燃；着火失；浪；使迷路意味；想要相遇；接触听放；失；解；看；拼弄；解解；会割草；收割庄稼在开价上；出价高于超；大而不适于；出生超；跑得比⋯快；从⋯逃outsell [,aut'sel] overcast [' ?uv?kɑ:st] overcome [, ?uv?'k ?m] overdo [, ?uv?'du:] overdraw [, ?uv?'dr ? :] overeat [, ?uv?'ri:t] overhang[, ?uv?'h? ? ? ] overhear [, ?uv?'hi ?] overlay [, ?uv?'lei] overlie [, ?uv?'lai] overpay [, ?uv?'pei] override [, ?uv?'raid] overrun [, ?uv?'r ?n] oversee [, ?uv?'si:] oversell [, ?uv?'sell] overshoot[, ?uv?' ? u:t] oversleep[, ?uv?'sli:p] overtake[, ?uv?'teik] overthrow[, ?uv?' θr?u]Ppartake[p ɑ:'teik]pay [pei]plead [pli:d]pre-set[pri:set] proofread['pru:f,ri:d]prove [pru:v]putQquit[kwit]Rread [ri:d]rebind [,ri:'baind] rebuild[,ri:'bild,'ri:,bild]recast [,ri:'kɑ:st] redo [ri:'du:] re-lay [,ri:'lei] remake [,ri:'meik] repay [ri:'pei,]脱outsold outsold 得比⋯多overcast overcast 使沮；遮蔽overcame overcome 克服；overdid overdone 做得分；表演火overdrew overdrawn 透支；夸overate overeaten 吃得多overhung overhung 垂；逼近overheard overheard 无意中听到；听overlaid overlaid 在外表上一薄，overlay overlain 躺在⋯上面；覆在⋯上面overpaid overpaid 多付；多酬overrode overridden 推翻；不overran overrun 泛；超；蹂oversaw overseen 督；；俯瞰oversold oversold 空；售多overshot overshot 超越；打；滑出跑道overslept overslept 睡overtook overtaken 超；赶上；倒overthrew overthrown 推翻；打倒；覆partook partaken 分担；分享paid paid 付款；pled/ pleaded pled/ pleaded 求；pre-set pre-set 置；proofread proofread 校，校勘proved proven/ proved 明put put 放quit / quitted quit /quitted 离开；辞；放弃read [red] read [red]rebound rebound 重捆；重新装rebuilt rebuilt 重建；改造recast recast 重；底改redid redone 重做re-laid re-laid 再安置；再remade remade 再制rerun [ri:'r ?n] reran rerunresell [,ri:'sel] resold resoldreset [,ri:'set] reset resetrethink [ri:' θi? k,rethought'ri: θi? k]rethoughtrewind [ri:'waind] rewound rewound rewrite [,ri:'rait,rewrote rewritten'ri:rait]rid [rid] rid ridride [raid] rode riddenring [ri ? ] rang rungrise [raiz, rais] rose risenrun ran runSsay said saidsee saw seenseek [si:k] sought soughtsell [sel] sold soldsend [send] sent sentset set setsew [s ?u] sewed sewn/ sewed shake [ ? eik] shook shakenshear [ ? i ?] sheared shorn/ sheared shed [ ? ed] shed shedshine [ ? ain] shined / shone shined / shone shit [ ? it] shit/ shat shit/ shat shoot [ ? u:t] shot shotshow [ ? ?u] showed shown / showed shrink [ ? ri ? k] shrank / shrunk shrunkshut [ ? ?t] shut shutsing [si ? ] sang sungsit sat satslay [slei] slew slainsleep [sli:p] slept sleptslide [slaid] slid slidsling [sli ? ] slung slungslit [slit] slit slitsmell [smel] smelled/ smelt smelled/ smelt speak [spi:k] spoke spokenspeed [spi:d] sped / speeded sped / speeded spell [spel] spelled/ spelt spelled/ spelt spend [spend] spent spentspin [spin] spun spunspit [spit] spit / spat spit / spat split split split 再运行；再度上演转售；转卖；再卖重置；清零；重启重新考虑；再想倒回；重绕改写；重写使摆脱；使去掉骑马；乘车按铃；敲钟上升；增强寻求；寻找；探索卖；销售派人；寄信；发送树立； ( 日, 月 ) 落沉缝合，缝上；缝纫动摇；摇动；震动剪；修剪流出；脱落；散布照耀；显露；出众欺骗；拉屎射击；发芽显示；说明；展出；演出收缩；畏缩关闭；停业唱歌；歌颂坐；位于杀死，杀害；残杀睡觉滑动；滑落吊起撕裂嗅，闻说话；演讲超速，加速拼，拼写花钱；用尽；度过旋转；纺纱；吐丝吐，吐出；发出；发射离开；别离spoil[sp ? il]spoon-feed['spu:nfi:d]spread [spred] spring [spri ? ] stand [st?nd]steal [sti:l]stick [stik]sting [sti ? ]stink [sti ? k] strew [stru:]stride [straid]strive [straiv]strike [straik]strike [straik] (hit) string [stri ? ] strive [straiv] swear [swε ?] sweep [swi:p]swell [swel]swim [swim]swing [swi ? ]Ttaketeachtear [t ? ?,ti ?]tell [tel]think [ θi? k] throw [ θr?u]thrust [ θr?st]tread [tred]Uunbind [, ?n'baind] underlie [, ?nd?'lai] understand[, ?nd?'st?nd] undertake [, ?nd?'teik] underwrite[' ?nd?rait]undo [, ?n'du:] unwind [, ?n'waind uphold [ ?p'h ?uld] upset [ ?p'set, ' ?pset]Wwake [weik] spoiled/ spoilt spoiled/ spoiltspoon-fed spoon-fedspreadspreadsprang / sprung sprungstoodstoodstolestolenstuckstuckstungstungstank / stunk stunkstrewedstrewn/ strewedstrodestriddenstrovestrivenstruckstrickenstruckstruck/ strickenstrungstrungstrove/ strived striven/ strivedsworeswornsweptsweptswelledswollen, swelledswamswumswungswungtooktakentaughttaughttoretorntoldtoldthoughtthoughtthrewthrownthrustthrusttrodtrodden, trodunboundunboundunderlayunderlainunderstoodunderstoodundertookundertakenunderwroteunderwrittenundidundoneunwoundunwoundupheldupheldupsetupsetwoke / waked woken / waked掠；坏；溺用匙喂；溺；填式教育播；伸展生；涌出；出站立；位于；忍受；窃取；剽窃持；伸出；粘住；刺刺；使；使⋯苦；出臭味；招人散播；撒跨；跨；大步行走努力；斗；抗争工打，打扎，；串起努力；斗；抗争誓；咒打；席卷膨；；隆起游泳；漂浮撕掉；流泪；辨；告想；投；抛；插；插入；推踏；解开；解放成⋯的基；位于⋯之下理解；懂得承当，保；从事...保；承支付撤消；解开；破坏；乱放松；解开；松开支撑；鼓励；成；起使心；覆；乱醒来；醒；警wear [wε?] wore worn weave [wi:v] wove wovenwed [wed] wed/ wedded wed/ wedded weep [wi:p] wept weptwet [wet] wet/ wetted wet/ wetted win [win] won wonwind [wind] wound wound withdraw [wie'dr ? :] withdrew withdrawn wring [ri ? ] wrung wrungwrite [rait] wrote written 穿著 , 用旧 , 耗损编织；迂回行进结婚哭泣；哀悼；悲叹弄湿赢；获胜缠绕；上发条；使弯曲；撤退；离开拧；绞；扭动；折磨写。

不规则动词表不定式过去式过去分词1 am, is was been2 are were been3 bear bore born4 beat beat beaten5 become became become6 begin began begun7 blow blew blown8 break broke broken9 bring brought brought10 build built built11 burn burnt(burned) burnt(burned)12 buy bought bought13 can could14 catch caught caught15 choose chose chosen16 come came come17 cost cost cost18 cut cut cut19 dig dug dug20 do did done21 draw drew drawn22 drink drank drunk23 drive drove driven24 eat ate eaten25 fall fell fallen26 feel felt felt27 fight fought fought28 find found found29 fly flew flown30 forget forgot Forgot(forgotten)31 freeze froze frozen32 get got got33 give gave given34 go went gone35 grow grew grown36 hang hung(hanged) hung(hanged)37 have, has had had38 hear heard heard39 hide hid hidden40 hold held held41 keep kept kept42 know knew known43 lay laid laid44 learn Learnt(learned) Learnt (learned)45 leave left left46 lend lent lent47 let let let48 lie lay(lied) lain(lied)49 lose lost lost50 make made made51 may might52 mean meant meant53 meet met met54 pay paid paid55 put put put56 read read read57 ride rode ridden58 ring rang rung59 rise rose risen60 run ran run61 say said said62 see saw seen63 sell sold sold64 send sent sent65 set set set66 shake shook shaken67 shall should68 show showed shown (showed)69 sing sang sung70 sit sat sat71 sleep slept slept72 smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled)73 speak spoke spoken74 spend spent spent75 stand stood stood76 steal stole stolen77 strike struck struck (stricken)78 swim swam swum79 take took taken80 teach taught taught81 tell told told82 think thought thought83 throw threw thrown84 understand understood understood85 wake waked (woke) waked (woken)86 wear wore worn87 will would88 write wrote written。