mini-test for chap.1-4

1 《Cytotechnology/细胞工程技术Mini-test for chap.1-4

I. Explain the following terms.

1. Totipotent cell; 2. Callus; 3. protoplast; 4. Habituation; 5. Haploid; 6. Heterokaryon;

7. Homokaryon; 8. Somatic embryogenesis; 9. Cytoplasmic hybrids or heteroplasts;

10.Auxin; 11.Cytokinin.

II. Blank filling questions.

1. The first person to attempt to cultivate isolated plant cells in vitro on an artificial

medium was , he was given credit for the idea of .

2. 1934, White's success in culturing tomato roots in vitro can be attributed to his

discovery of an importance nutrition required by almost all plant cells: .

3. 1939, Nobecourt and Gautheret discovered the hormone: , and its addition to

the culture medium was essential to the success of the carrot cultures.

4. 1950s, Skoog et al. found the hormone from coconut milk and later

reported that shoot growth in tobacco callus could be controlled by the ratio of

auxin to .

5. In paper-raft nurse technique, growing ‘nurse’ culture provided the isolated cells not

only with from the medium via the older culture, but also with

synthesized by the nurse tissue.

6. Sterilization using oven requires a minimum of hours at a temperature of

to kill all organisms including the spore formers.

7. Sterilization using autoclave requires a minimum of min at a temperature

of to kill all organisms including the spore formers.

8. Prolonged autoclaving must be avoided because it results in the degradation of 5%

sucrose in a liquid medium into and during autoclaving.

9. The pore diameter of a filter should measure at least µm for the complete

removal of all bacteria, yeasts, and molds.

III. Choice questions.

1. Among the following plant growth regulators, are classified into

auxin, are classified into cytokinin.

① kinetin; ② IAA; ③ 6-BA; ④ -NAA; ⑤ IBA; ⑥ zeatin;

⑦ 2,4-D; ⑧ Picloram; ⑨ Thidiazuron; ⑩ Adenine .

2. When use of UV, UV lamp should be switched on for min prior to

culture time and in this process may be accumulated in a confined space

and creates a hazard. 2 ① several hours or overnight; ② 15-30 min; ③ toxic ozone; ④ oxgen

3. Considering the effectiveness and easy manipulation, the following items are

usually sterilized by wet heat sterilization , dry heat

sterilization , Microfiltration sterilization , NaOCl or

Ca[OCl]2 .

① glassware; ② stainless instruments; ③ iron instruments; ④ paper and

cotton cloth；⑤ liquids; ⑥ agar media; ⑦ plant material surface; ⑧ zeatin.

-NAA, 2,4-D, kinetin; ⑨ IAA; ⑩ thiamine (VB1) added not for activity

analysis.

4. Components of a plant tissue culture medium usually include .

① macronutrients; ②FeSO4 ; ③ micronutrients; ④ vitamins; ⑤ plant

growth regulators; ⑥ sucrose; ⑦ activate Charcoal; ⑧ agar; ⑨ glycine;

⑩ NaCl; (11) FeCl3.

IV. Short answer questions.

1. How did the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in the medium regulate the shoot and root

initiation in cultured callus?

2. How did plant tissue technique provide us complete evidence for the question of

totipotency?

3. Can you think of ways of avoiding contamination that were not mentioned in this

chapter?

4. What are the most important hazards to your safety as a worker using plant tissue

culture techniques?

5. Why is it important to identify the contaminating microorganisms?

6. Can you think of some reasons why antibiotics are not used more commonly in plant

tissue cultures?

7. In what cases, the plant medium does not solidify successfully.

8. What are some sources of inorganic and organic contaminants that are unwittingly

added to our cultures?

9. What evidence indicates that cultured plant tissues can experience changes in certain

biochemical pathways over time?

V. Essay questions (Q&A).

1. How to prepare the MS medium? (Page 32-34)