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Bioprocess membrane technology

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JournalofMembraneScience297(2007)

16–50

Review

Bioprocessmembranetechnology

RobertvanReis∗,AndrewZydney

Genentech,Inc.,1DNAWay,SouthSanFrancisco,CA94080,UnitedStates

Received5October2006;receivedinrevisedform23January2007;accepted13February2007Availableonline1March2007

Abstract

Membraneprocessesplayacriticalroleinthepurificationofbiotechnologyproducts.Earlymembranesystemswereadoptedfromtechnologyoriginallydevelopedforotherindustrialapplications.Duringthelast2decades,newmembranesandmoduleshavebeendevelopedspecificallytomeettherequirementsofthebiotechnologyindustry.Thisincludesapplicationsofmembranesforsterilefiltration,clarification,initialharvest,virusremoval,proteinconcentration,bufferexchange,andproteinpurification.Thismanuscriptprovidesanoverviewofrecentdevelopmentsinmembranetechnology,focusingonthespecialcharacteristicsofthemembranesystemsthatarenowusedforthecommercialproductionandpurificationofrecombinantproteinproducts.Futuredevelopmentsinmembranetechnologyarealsodiscussedthatmaybeabletomeetthegrowingneedsforhigherproductivity,lowercostofproduction,andincreaseddevelopmentspeedinthebiotechnologyindustry.©2007ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:Biotechnology;RecombinantDNA;Protein;Microfiltration;Ultrafiltration

Contents

1.Introduction—membraneapplicationsoverview.............................................................................181.1.Definitionsofmembraneprocesses..................................................................................181.2.Keymembranephenomena.........................................................................................192.Overviewofbioprocessing................................................................................................202.1.Propertiesofbiomolecules..........................................................................................202.2.Feedstockcharacteristics............................................................................................202.3.Overviewofprocessingapplications.................................................................................202.4.Requirementsforthebiotechnologyindustry..........................................................................213.Sterilefiltration..........................................................................................................213.1.Principles.........................................................................................................213.1.1.Classicalfoulingmodels....................................................................................213.1.2.Poreblockage—cakefiltrationmodel........................................................................223.1.3.VmaxandPmaxanalysis......................................................................................223.2.Membranes........................................................................................................233.2.1.Isotropicmembranes.......................................................................................233.2.2.Anisotropicmembranes.....................................................................................233.2.3.Compositemembranes.....................................................................................243.2.4.Multi-layermembranes.....................................................................................243.3.Modules..........................................................................................................243.3.1.Code7cartridges..........................................................................................243.3.2.Othercartridgetypes.......................................................................................243.3.3.Pleatingtechnology........................................................................................24

∗Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+16502251522;fax:+16502254049.E-mailaddress:rvr@gene.com(R.vanReis).

0376-7388/$–seefrontmatter©2007ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.045R.vanReis,A.Zydney/JournalofMembraneScience297(2007)16–5017

3.4.Equipment........................................................................................................243.4.1.Stainlesssteelhousings.....................................................................................243.4.2.Capsules..................................................................................................253.5.Processes..........................................................................................................254.Tangentialflowmicro-filtration............................................................................................264.1.Principles.........................................................................................................264.1.1.Shear-induceddiffusion.....................................................................................264.1.2.Inertiallift.................................................................................................264.1.3.Criticalfluxanalysis........................................................................................264.2.Membranes........................................................................................................274.2.1.Hollowfiber...............................................................................................274.2.2.Flatsheet..................................................................................................274.3.Modules..........................................................................................................274.3.1.Nonsteam-in-place(SIP)...................................................................................274.3.2.Steam-in-place.............................................................................................284.4.Processes..........................................................................................................284.4.1.Mediumexchangeandperfusion.............................................................................284.4.2.Harvest...................................................................................................285.Depthfiltration...........................................................................................................285.1.Principles.........................................................................................................285.2.Filtermedia.......................................................................................................295.3.Equipment........................................................................................................295.4.Processes..........................................................................................................306.Virusfiltration...........................................................................................................306.1.Principles.........................................................................................................306.1.1.Virusretention.............................................................................................306.1.2.Foulingphenomena........................................................................................306.2.Membranes........................................................................................................306.2.1.Flatsheet..................................................................................................306.2.2.Hollowfiber...............................................................................................316.3.Modules..........................................................................................................316.3.1.Tangentialflowmodules....................................................................................316.3.2.NormalflowVFmodules...................................................................................316.4.Equipment........................................................................................................316.5.Processes..........................................................................................................316.5.1.Proteincapacitystudies.....................................................................................316.5.2.Virusfiltrationvalidationstudies.............................................................................316.5.3.Industrialscaleprocesses...................................................................................327.Membranechromatography...............................................................................................327.1.Principles.........................................................................................................327.1.1.General...................................................................................................327.1.2.Convectionanddiffusion...................................................................................327.1.3.Exclusionphenomena......................................................................................327.2.Membranes........................................................................................................327.3.Modules..........................................................................................................327.3.1.Stackedsheet..............................................................................................327.3.2.Pleated....................................................................................................327.4.Equipment........................................................................................................337.5.Processes..........................................................................................................337.5.1.Flowthroughapplications...................................................................................337.5.2.Bindandeluteapplications..................................................................................338.Ultrafiltration............................................................................................................348.1.Principles.........................................................................................................348.1.1.Permeability...............................................................................................348.1.2.Sizeexclusion.............................................................................................348.1.3.Electrostaticexclusion......................................................................................348.1.4.Masstransfer..............................................................................................348.2.Membranes........................................................................................................368.2.1.Flatsheet..................................................................................................368.2.2.Hollowfiber...............................................................................................368.3.Modules..........................................................................................................368.3.1.Linearscalecassettes.......................................................................................36

合集下载

列举生物膜法具体工艺

列举生物膜法具体工艺

列举生物膜法具体工艺

生物膜法

生物膜法是利用微生物生长和代谢产生的聚合物覆盖在废水表面形成膜状生物膜，将水中的有机物降解为无机物，从而实现废水净化的一种方法。

工艺特点

1. 不需高耗能的机械设备

2. 可扩展性强，容易调节

3. 去除污染物效果好

4. 可以适用于多种污染物的处理

工艺步骤

1. 准备活性污泥

– 从污水处理厂中取一定量污泥，通过增殖和调节培养出适合处理目标废水的活性污泥

2. 生物膜反应器之前的预处理

– 通过前处理设备去除废水中的大颗粒物、油脂等，防止堵塞反应器

3. 生物膜反应器处理

– 废水流经生物膜反应器内壁的聚合生物膜，微生物在膜上生长代谢，将废水中的有机物降解为无机物

4. 滤池处理

– 将流出的废水通入滤池，去除生物膜反应器中没被降解的大分子有机物和浮游菌

5. 排放或回用

– 处理完的水可直接排放或通过再生回用等方式再次利用 工艺优缺点

优点

1. 去除有机污染物效果好，处理效率高

2. 设备成本低，操作维护费用也较低

3. 投资成本低，具有很好的经济效益

缺点

1. 生物膜的生长速度慢，处理污水需要一定时间

2. 对温度、pH值、废水中杂质的适应性较差，需要经常调节

3. 受水质波动的影响较大，稳定性差

工艺应用

生物膜法可以广泛应用于各种工业废水、市政污水、污泥浓缩等领域。

工业废水领域

生物膜法可以处理高浓度的、难降解的工业废水，例如：制药、印染、造纸、电镀等行业的废水。

市政污水处理

生物膜法适用于城市污水处理厂处理市政污水，具有废水出水水质高、设备占地小、投资成本低等优点。

污泥浓缩

生物膜法可以将废水中的有机物转化为大分子聚合物，降低污泥浓度，便于后续的处理与回收。

工艺发展

生物膜法在全球范围内得到了广泛的应用和推广，在未来的发展中，生物膜法将会更加强调对碳、氮、磷等污染物的综合性处理。

此外，还将注重优化反应器结构，研究新型生物材料，提高反应器的稳定性和降解效率。 总结

膜生物反应器污水处理技术

膜生物反应器污水处理技术

收稿日期:2009-01-22作者简介:胡政波(1953-),男,高级工程师,主要从事环境工程设计与评价1膜生物反应器污水处理技术胡政波(中冶东方工程技术有限公司,内蒙古　014010)摘要:饮用水水源的污染日益严重,对人类的健康带来了极大的危害,对净水技术提出了新的挑战。常规水处理工艺对城市生活污水、化工污水的净化很难达到排放标准,膜生物反应器污水处理技术能很好地实现对污水的彻底处理,出水水质稳定安全,完全可达日益严格的排放标准。本文对膜分离生物反应器(MS2BR)、膜曝气生物反应器(MABR)和萃取膜生物反应器(EMBR)的特点、工艺及优点进行了介绍和分析。关键词:膜生物反应器;工艺;特点中图分类号:X70311文献标识码:A文章编号:1007-0370(2010)01-0052-03

MEMBRANEBIOREACTORFORWASTEWATERTREATMENTTECHNOLOGYHUZhengbo(BERISEngineeringandResearchCorporation,InnerMongolia　014010) Abstract:Pollutionofdrinkingwatersourcesbecomesincreasinglyseriousandhasdonegreatharmtohuman’shealthy.Newchallen2gesarecarriedouttowaterpurificationtechnologies.Conventionalwatertreatmentprocessesofmunicipalwastewaterandchemicalwastewateraredifficulttoachieveemissionstandards.Membranebioreactor(MBR)technologyiswelltoachieveacompletetreatmentofsewageandthequalityofoutputwaterisstableandsecuritywhichcanbeuptoincreasinglystringentemissionstandards.Inthisarticle,thecharacteristics,processandbenefitsofmembraneseparationbioreactor(MSBR),membraneaerationbioreactor(MABR)andextractionmembranebioreac2tor(EMBR)areintroducedandanalyzed.Keywords:Membranebioreactor;Processes;Characteristics前言膜生物反应器(Membranebioreactor,MBR)是由膜分离技术和生物反应器相结合形成的生物化学反应系统,该系统在废水处理中的应用及其研究正备受人们的关注[1]。膜生物反应器由微滤(MF)或超滤(UF)膜过滤取代传统生化处理技术中的二次沉淀池,其优点有系统运行稳定,流程简单,处理效率高,出水水质好,设备占地面积少,系统操作管理简便,易于实现自动化控制等等[2]。将MBR技术用于废水处理系统,提高了泥水分离效率,

浸没式膜_生物反应器SMBR系列产品手册

浸没式膜_生物反应器SMBR系列产品手册

浸没式膜-生物反应器（SMBR）系列产品

设计指导手册

凯宏膜技术

第一节膜-生物反应器（SMBR）技术介绍 第二节 聚丙烯（PP）中空纤维膜

第三节 SMBR系列膜组件

第四节 SMBR系统设计

第五节 SMBR膜片的运行和清洗

第一节膜-生物反应器（SMBR）技术介绍

膜-生物反应器（MembraneBioreactor,MBR）技术，是一种新型髙效的污水处理工艺，它用膜组件代替传统活性污泥法中的二沉池，大大提高了系统固液分离的能力。MBR技术是膜分离技术与生物技术有机结合的新型废水处理技术。它利用膜分离组件将生化反应池中的活性污泥和大分子有机物截留住，省掉二沉池。因此，活性污泥浓度可以大大提髙，水力停留时间（HRT）和污泥停留时间（SRT）可以分别控制，而难降解的物质在反应器中不断反应和降解。因此，膜-生物反应器工艺通过膜的分离技术大大强化了生物反应器的功能。

膜-生物反应器在优化生化作用的优越性：

1对污染物的去除率髙，抵抗污泥膨胀能力强，出水水质稳定可靠，出水中没有悬浮物；

2膜生物反应器实现了反应器污泥龄SRT和水力停留时间HRT的

彻底分离，设计、操作大大简化；

3膜的机械截流作用避免了微生物的流失，生物反应器可保持髙的污泥浓度，从而能提髙体积负荷，降低污泥负荷，且MBR工艺略去了二沉池，大大减少占地面积；

4由于SRT很长，生物反应器又起到了“污泥硝化池”的作用，

从而显著减少污泥产量，剩余污泥产量低，污泥处理费用低；

5由于膜的截流作用使SRT延长，营造了有利于增殖缓慢的微生

物。如硝化细菌生长的环境，可以提髙系统的硝化能力，同时有利于提髙难降解大分子有机物的处理效率和促使其彻底的分解；

6 SMBR曝气池的活性污泥不因产水而损失，在运行过程中，活

性污泥会因进入有机物浓度的变化而变化，并达到一种动态平衡，这使系统出水稳定并有耐冲击负荷的特点；

7 较大的水力循环导致了污水的均匀混合，因而使活性污泥有很好的分散性，大大提髙活性污泥的比表面积°MBR系统中活性污泥的高度分散是提高水处理的效果的又一个原因。这是普通生化法水处理技术形成较大的菌胶团所难以相比的；

Natrix Q 蛋白质膜产品说明书

Natrix Q 蛋白质膜产品说明书

Figure 1. The Natrix® Q chromatography membrane family offers scalable polishing from R&D to clinical to commercial manufacturing.Data Sheet

Key Benefits• Best-in-class HCP, DNA, endotoxin and virus removal• Salt and pH tolerance even in phosphate buffer• High capacity final polishing with high mAb throughput (>10 kg/L)• Simple, low-cost purification in a single-use format

Innovative Membrane TechnologyThe unique Natrix® Q membrane is a porous polyacrylamide hydrogel containing a high density of pendant quaternary ammonium (Q) binding groups physically reinforced by an inert fiber web (see Figure 2). The interconnected pore structure (nominal pore size, 0.4 μm) and high ligand density provides a large surface area for protein binding, high permeability and enables fast flow rates with high throughput to extremely high loads (> 10 kg per liter of membrane for some mAbs) while maintaining excellent impurity clearance at these extreme operating conditions. In combination with the well-established Q ligand chemistry, these features make the Natrix® chromatography membrane an excellent choice for reliable purification in commercial scale.Natrix® Q Chromatography Membrane