多粘类芽孢杆菌对小麦赤霉病田间防治效果研究_孙光忠
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园艺学报,2015,42 (10):1879–1888.Acta Horticulturae Sinicadoi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0243;http://www. ahs. ac. cn 1879地衣芽孢杆菌W10及其抗菌蛋白对桃褐腐病的抑制作用纪兆林1,贺惠文1,周慧娟2,韩峰1,童蕴慧1,叶正文2,徐敬友1,*(1扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州 225009;2上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海 201403)摘 要:地衣芽孢杆菌菌株W10菌液及其产生的抗菌蛋白对贮藏期桃褐腐病都有较好的抑制作用,高浓度(1 × 1010 cfu · mL-1菌液,3.0 mg · mL-1抗菌蛋白)效果更好。
在较低温度(4 ℃)和湿度(RH 70% ~ 75%)条件下,高浓度菌液和抗菌蛋白在病菌定殖前处理桃果能收到较好的防病效果。
钙离子[0.1%Ca(NO3)2]能提高W10菌液及抗菌蛋白对桃果实褐腐病的防治效果,能明显推迟始病时间。
W10菌液和抗菌蛋白浸果处理能显著降低贮藏期的自然腐烂率,与多菌灵效果类似;通过对果肉色差L*值、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、失重率等品质指标参数的测定,发现菌液和抗菌蛋白处理均不会影响果实品质。
关键词:桃;地衣芽孢杆菌;抗菌蛋白;桃褐腐病菌;生物防治;果实品质中图分类号:S 662.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0513-353X(2015)10-1879-10 Preservative Effects of Bacillus licheniformis W10 and Its Antifungal Protein on Storage Peach FruitsJI Zhao-lin1,HE Hui-wen1,ZHOU Hui-juan2,HAN Feng1,TONG Yun-hui1,YE Zheng-wen2,and XU Jing-you1,*(1College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;2Forestry and Fruit Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)Abstract:The biocontrol effects of Bacillus licheniformis W10 bacterial suspension and its antifungal protein on peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola in storage peach fruits and the effects on fruit quality were investigated. The results showed that the fruit disease suppression of B. licheniformis W10 bacterial suspension and antifungal protein were significantly higher than that of the control. Inoculation of bacterial suspension and antifungal protein prior to M. fructicola gave a better biocontrol effect,and the higher concentrations of bacterial(1 × 1010 cfu · mL-1)and antifungal protein(3.0 mg · mL-1)performed better control effects. The environmental conditions,such as temperature and humidity,affected biocontrol effects of W10 bacterial suspension and antifungal protein. The influence of environment conditions on the activity of antifungal protein was less than that on bacterial suspension. Moreover,lower temperature(4 ℃)and relative humidity(RH 70%–75%)were favorable to prevent peach brown rot by W10 bacterial suspension and its antifungal protein. The W10 bacterial suspension and antifungal protein amended with收稿日期:2015–06–09;修回日期:2015–09–23基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-31-2-02);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(14)2015,CX(15)1020];扬州大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(5018/137010407)* 通信作者Author for correspondence(E-mail:jyxu@)Ji Zhao-lin,He Hui-wen,Zhou Hui-juan,Han Feng,Tong Yun-hui,Ye Zheng-wen,Xu Jing-you.Preservative effects of Bacillus licheniformis W10 and its antifungal protein on storage peach fruits. 1880Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2015,42 (10):1879–1888. calcium[0.1% Ca(NO3)2] could enhance the biocontrol effects,and obviously put off the occurrence of peach brown rot. In addition,the bacterial suspension and antifungal protein significantly reduced the natural decay rates of peach fruits during storage,and the effects were equal to carbendazim. Moreover,both W10 bacterial suspension and antifungal protein treatments did not have effects on external and internal fruit appearance,such as chromatic aberration parameter L* of flesh,flesh firmness,soluble solids content and weight loss. Therefore,the B. licheniformis W10 is a potential biocontrol factor for peach brown rot.Key words:peach;Bacillus licheniformis;antifungal protein;Monilinia fructicola;biological control;fruit quality褐腐病又称菌核病、果腐病等,是记载最早的果品采后病害(Ogawa et al.,1995)。
农业工程技术·综合版 2021年4月刊20科 研 试 验DOI:10.16815/ki.11-5436/s.2021.11.011药剂防治小麦赤霉病田间药效试验沈 雨(安徽省蚌埠市淮上区农业综合服务站,安徽 蚌埠 233002)摘要:为试验不同药剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果进行了小麦田间药效试验,对几种药剂进行防效对比。
试验结果表明,30%丙硫菌唑OD,50%戊唑·百菌清SC,纳米农药,200 g/L 氟唑菌酰羟胺SC+250 g/L 丙环唑EC,15%丙唑·戊唑醇SC,48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC 等对小麦赤霉病具有较好防效。
关键词:小麦;赤霉病;药剂;防效;田间试验沈 雨. 药剂防治小麦赤霉病田间药效试验[J]. 农业工程技术,2021,41(11):20~21.近年来,随着小麦栽培方式的变化,如播种量增加造成高密度栽培、不抗病品种的推广应用以及秸秆多年连续还田等,小麦赤霉病已由过去在长江流域流行逐渐向北扩展至淮北地区。
淮上区位于淮河北岸,小麦常年种植2万hm 2,小麦赤霉病已成为该区小麦生产危害最严重病害,不仅严重影响小麦产量,造成小麦不完善粒超标,且小麦赤霉病菌分泌产生的DON 毒素,对人畜都有较大危害[1]。
目前,在小麦抽穗扬花阶段使用化学农药开展预防仍是小麦赤霉病防控的重要措施。
因此对目前市场上登记的小麦赤霉病防治药剂进行了田间药效试验,以期为当地小麦赤霉病防控提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法1.1 试验材料200 g/L 氟唑菌酰羟胺SC,250 g/L 丙环唑EC(先正达作物保护有限公司);30%丙硫菌唑OD(安徽久易农业股份有限公司);48%氰烯•戊唑醇SC(江苏省农药研究所股份有限公司);50%戊唑•百菌清SC(江苏邦盛生物科技有限责任公司);15%丙唑•戊唑醇SC(贵州道元生物技术有限公司);36%丙环•咪鲜胺SC(扬州市苏灵农药化工有限公司);纳米农药(南京善思生物科技有限公司)。
河南农业2022年第19 期(三)施药时间和方法1.施药时间。
药剂处理区于2021年4月14日下午 1:20 — 3:10,在小麦扬花初期第1次用药,4月27日下午2:20 — 4:10进行第2次用药。
2.施药方法。
一是各个小区每667 m 2按上述药剂用量,使用电动喷雾器(喷液量20 kg)进行均匀喷雾。
二是空白对照区不作任何处理,田间管理同试验区。
四、调查和记录(一)气象及土壤资料1.土壤资料。
土壤类型为黄棕壤土,pH 为6.4,有机质含量1.29%,前茬作物花生。
2.气象资料。
记录施药前7 d 至施药后30 d 的气温、做好标记,取回后分别单独晾干、称取质量,然后脱粒,据此测算出每个处理小区的小麦产量。
处理1:每平方米产量885 g,折合每公顷产量8850 kg;处理2:每平方米产量896 g,折合每公顷产量8960 kg;处理3:每平方米产量846 g,折合每公顷产量8640 kg;处理4:每平方米产量628 g,折合每公顷产量6280 kg(见下页表4)。
五、结论与评价通过本次试验,我们可以看到,每公顷施用40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂450 mL,对赤霉病的防效为91.9%;每公顷施用40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂600 mL,对赤霉病的防效为94.5%;每公顷施用40%咪鲜胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂450 mL,对赤霉病的防效达到62.0%。
上述药剂对小麦条锈病都有很好的兼治作用,且对作物安全,成熟时落黄好,并有提质增产的效果,可以大面积推广应用。
2340.130.130.0740%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂 40%咪鲜胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂 空白对照(不施药)600450-600450-ZHIWU BAOHU植物保护河南农业2022年第19期ⅡⅢ平均I ⅡⅢ平均I ⅡⅢ平均I ⅡⅢ平均2.22.02.12.32.12.12.172.11.91.81.931.61.71.51.643.944.244.0743.644.144.243.9744.344.544.644.4741.241.441.841.4735.535.135.335.535.835.635.6334.834.434.334.530.530.229.830.1745.245.645.445.745.445.345.4744.744.244.144.3340.340.139.940.189829 019.59 004.590189 139.59 088.590828 785.58 626.586018671645663936 337.56 395.540.942.737.6885089608640628040%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂450 mL·hm-240%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂600 mL·hm -240%咪鲜胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂 450 mL·hm -2清水处理1234(责任编辑 刘素芳)。
丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇对小麦白粉病田间防效及其产量的影响张志伟1魏秀华1*于海涛1宋顺1刘亚男1张桂珍1张国栋2王文华2王开周2(1潍坊市农业科学院,山东潍坊261071;2重庆市开州区农业发展服务中心,重庆405499)摘要为进一步明确40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂田间防效,为合理使用提供科学依据,以济麦229为试验材料,通过设置不同用药量和不同用药次数的小麦田间试验,研究其对小麦白粉病田间防效和产量的影响。
结果表明,使用该药剂450、675、900mL/hm 2(制剂用药量)于扬花末期喷施1次,对小麦白粉病田间防效依次为37.06%、47.25%和50.00%;于扬花初期、末期间隔8d 喷施2次,对小麦白粉病防效依次为61.27%、72.60%和84.84%。
喷施该杀菌剂能够显著提高小麦千粒重和产量,与不喷施对照相比,喷施1次增产比例分别为18.54%、21.49%和22.13%,喷施2次增产比例分别为23.77%、25.05%和28.43%。
防治小麦白粉病可根据发病程度,使用40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇悬浮剂在扬花初期和末期连喷2次,增产效果明显。
关键词小麦;丙硫菌唑;戊唑醇;白粉病;田间防效;产量中图分类号S435.121文献标识码A文章编号1007-5739(2023)17-0093-04DOI :10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2023.17.024开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID ):Effect of Prothioconazole ·Tebuconazole on Field Control Efficacy ofWheat Powdery Mildew and YieldZHANG Zhiwei 1WEI Xiuhua 1*YU Haitao 1SONG Shun 1LIU Yanan 1ZHANG Guizhen 1ZHANG Guodong 2WANG Wenhua 2WANG Kaizhou 2(1Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weifang Shandong 261071;2Kaizhou District Agricultural Development Service Center of Chongqing City,Chongqing 405499)AbstractIn order to further clarify the field control efficacy of 40%prothioconazole ·tebuconazole suspensionagent and provide scientific basis for rational use,taking Jimai 229as the test material,this paper set a test of different doses and different application times in wheat field,and studied the effects on the field control efficacy of wheat powdery mildew and yield.The results showed that field control efficacy of wheat powdery mildew were 37.06%,47.25%and 50.00%,respectively,when 450,675and 900mL/hm 2(dosage of preparation)were sprayed at the late flowering stage;spraying twice at the early and late flowering stages,the control efficacy of wheat powdery mildew were 61.27%,72.60%and 84.84%,respectively.Spraying the fungicide could significantly increase the 1000-grain weight and yield of pared with no spraying control,the proportion of increasing yield of spraying once was 18.54%,21.49%and 22.13%respectively,and the proportion of increasing yield of spraying twice was 23.77%,25.05%and 28.43%respectively.According to the degree of disease,40%prothioconazole ·tebuconazole suspension agent can be applied twice at earlyand late flowering stages to control wheat powdery mildew,and the yield increase effect is obvious.Keywordswheat;prothioconazole;tebuconazole;powdery mildew;field control efficacy;yield小麦作为我国三大粮食作物之一,常年播种面积在2000万hm 2以上,多年来一直都是我国人民的重要口粮,但小麦的生育期较长,易发生多种病害。