虚拟语气总结

1 虚拟语气概述 英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如： He is honest. 他很诚实。 （________语气） Don„t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （________语气） If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （________语气）

I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （________语气）

虚 拟 语 气

知 识 框 架 1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句 wish（would rather）+宾语从句 suggest（„）+宾语从句 2. 主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do 表 语 从句S+is that +s + (should) +do 同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do

3. 固定句型 It is (high) time that + S + did/should do sth 用过去式表现在情况 1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去 两种形式 用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内 容 详 述 I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语) ①If I were you ,I would/could/should/might do that. ②If I had know that yesterday,I would/could/should/might have told you . If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. ③If you came tomorrow, we would/could/might have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

虚拟语气

三大板块

名词性从句

宾语从句 2

时 间 条件状语从句 主 句 与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did(were)„ S+would/should/could/might+do„ 与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done„ S+would/should/could/might+have done„ 与将来事实相反的假设 did„ If+S should do were to do S+would/should/could/might+do„

注意事项： 1． 倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。 ⑴ If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. = Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. ⑵If I had attended the meeting, I would have been here.= Had I attended the meeting, I would have been here. 把下列省略句改写为完整的句子. ①Were I you, I would go with him to the party. ____________________________________________________. ②Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.

2．错综（混合）条件句。 若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 ① If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） ②If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 3.含蓄条件句 If it hadn‟t been for your help ，we wouldn‟t have succeeded. =But for your help，we wouldn‟t have succeeded. =Without your help ，we wouldn‟t have succeeded. ①If there weren't/had not been +„=without„ ②If it were not for„/ If it hadn't been for„= but for„ ③otherwise+虚拟语气的句子 虚拟语气的句子， I should study harder,otherwise I would have kept up with the most outstanding sutdent in my class in last exam ④but+ 陈述事实的句子 Your mother would go with you,but she has to take care of your younger brother ⑤or/or else 3

II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb. did „(希望现在用过去式) 1. wish+that sb. had done„（希望过去用过去完成式）

2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。 例：I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去） I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来） I‟d rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在) 时 间 从 句 虚拟现在 were, did (动词一般过去式) 虚拟过去 had done 虚拟将来 did (动词一般过去式)

3. suggest+（that）S+should+do„ 表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should ＋动词原形，should常常省略。 这类词有：demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。 注意 suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气 Her expression suggested that she was angry．她的表情显示出她生气了。 Are you suggesting that he is too old for the job I suggested that she（should）leave early for the airport． 判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill. （对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。 高考备考：insist用法 I. 表示“坚持说；坚决认为(多与别人的观点不同)”，接that从句(从句的动作多为已发生之事)，从句使用陈述语气。如： She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。 I insisted to everyone that he was wrong．我对每个人坚持说他错了。 The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel． II. 表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句(从句的动作为将要发生之事)，谓语多为 should型的虚拟语气，即：主语+ should(可省略)+动词原形。如： He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。 Jane insisted that he be present. 简坚持要他出席。 还可用于“insist on / upon + 名词或代词或 动词-ing形式”结构中。如： He insisted on / upon my going with him. 他坚持要我跟他一起去。(= He insisted that I [should] go with him.) I insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。(= I insist that I see it.)