New High-Energy Nanofiber Anode Materials

NanostructuredElectrodeMaterials󰀃forLithium

-IonBatteries

A.ManthiramandT.Muraliganth

AbstractElectrochemicalenergystoragesystemsarebecomingincreasingly

importantwithrespecttotheiruseinportableelectronicdevices,medicalimplant

devices,hybridelectricandelectricvehicles,andstorageofsolarandwindener-

gies.Lithium-ionbatteriesareappealingfortheseneedsbecauseoftheirhigh

energydensity,widerangeofoperatingtemperatures,andlongshelfandcyclelife.

However,furtherbreakthroughsinelectrodematerialsorimprovementsinexisting

electrodematerialsarecriticaltorealizethefullpotentialofthelithium-iontech-

nology.Nanostructuredmaterialspresentanattractiveopportunityinthisregard

astheycouldofferseveraladvantagessuchasfastreactionkinetics,highpower

density,goodcyclingstabilitywithfacilestrainrelaxationcomparedtotheirbulk

counterparts.Inthischapter,wepresentanoverviewofthelatestprogressonthe

00 Month 2016 | VoL 000 | nAtURE |

1LEttER

doi:10.1038/nature16502

Lithium-ion battery structure that self-heats at low

temperatures

Chao-Yang Wang1,2, Guangsheng Zhang1, Shanhai Ge2, terrence Xu2, Yan Ji2, Xiao-Guang Yang1 & Yongjun Leng1

Lithium-ion batteries suffer severe power loss at temperatures

below zero degrees Celsius, limiting their use in applications such

as electric cars in cold climates and high-altitude drones1,2. The

practical consequences of such power loss are the need for larger,

more expensive battery packs to perform engine cold cranking,

slow charging in cold weather, restricted regenerative braking,

and reduction of vehicle cruise range by as much as 40 per cent3.

Previous attempts to improve the low-temperature performance

of lithium-ion batteries4 have focused on developing additives

DOI: 10.1126/science.1254581, 1153 (2014);345 Science et al.Bernd GludovatzA fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy for cryogenic applications

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OriginalArticle

Synthesisandpropertiesofanovelhigh-temperaturediphenylsulfone-basedphthalonitrilepolymer

XuegangPeng1,HaitongSheng1,HuiGuo1,KimiyoshiNaito2,XiaoyanYu1,HuiliDing1,XiongweiQu1andQingxinZhang1

AbstractAnovelhigh-temperaturediphenylsulfone-basedphthalonitrilepolymerispreparedfrombis-[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-phenyl]sulfone(BDS)monomersynthesizedwithhighyieldbyasimplenucleophilicdisplacementofanitro-substituentfrom4-nitrophthalonitrile(NPN).ThestructureofBDSpolymerisinvestigatedbyFouriertransforminfraredspectro-scopyandwide-angleX-raydiffraction.CuringbehaviorofBDSmonomerwith1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene(APB)isrecordedbydifferentialscanningcalorimetry.ThepropertiesofBDSpolymerareevaluatedbythermogravimetricanal-ysis,dynamicmechanicalanalysis,andtensiletest.TheresultsrevealthattheBDSpolymerexhibitsexcellentthermalandthermo-oxidativestabilities,highglasstemperature(Tg¼337󰀂C),andoutstandingmechanicalproperties(Young’smod-ulus:4.02GPaandtensilestrength:64.16MPa).Additionally,theBDSpolymerexhibitshighflameretardanceandlowwateruptake.KeywordsPhthalonitrilepolymer,highglasstransitiontemperature,thermalstability,mechanicalproperty