视译技巧
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视译单位••视译要基本保持原文语序，就要有切实可行的断句办法，合理断句是视译非常重要的手段，虽然意群是具有相对独立意义的词组或者短语，在不少情况下可以作为划分视译单位的基本依据。
但是在这个句子中完全按照意群来断句，还是很难做到不对意群中的语序进行调整。
••The problem of possible genetic damage to human populations from radiation exposures, //including from the fallout from testing of atomic weapons, //has quite properly claimed much popular attention// in recent years.•第一个意群还是太长，不利于视译••类意群的特征•1) 相对独立的意义概念•2) 在一目可及的范围内•3) 能够通过连接语较为灵活地与前后的视译单位结合••相对独立的意义概念是指一个具有相对独立意义的词组或者短语，可以被独立地翻译出来而不会产生意义上的误会或者不完整。
在这里相对独立的概念是十分重要的，因为它保证了视译的译文可以坚持信的原则。
•在一目所及的范围之内，是指我们一眼扫过而尽收眼底的长度。
有时一个独立的概念过长，没法一眼看完，这时候再按意群来断句是没法做下去的。
视译的原则1. 顺句驱动，断句成章台湾辅仁大学翻译研究所杨承淑（2002）：•要把两种语序不同，差异较大的语言译得语序尽可能一致，一定要从词序一致的部分开始，即先找到能够完全对译的部分；•除了挑出可以先译的成分，可以在已知信息的基础上，构想出一个完整的语义概念并将其译出来，即基于开头部分把整个句子翻译完整。
••The answer to the question //of whether one should continue using the method// depends in part on// what other forms of solutions are available.•笔译：是否应该继续使用这个方法，部分取决于有没有其他的解决方法。
•视译：要知道，是否可以继续使用这个方法，部分取决于还有没有其他方法。
••The US and China on Wednesday agreed to resolve a series of economic disputes in a deal that Bush administration hopes will shrink the trade deficit.•笔译：周三中美两国达成协议，同意解决两国经济纠纷。
布什政府希望通过该协议缩小贸易逆差。
•视译：中美两国周三同意解决诸多经济纠纷，并达成协议。
布什政府希望此举将有助于缩小贸易逆差。
•Poorer nations are especially vulnerable. They have been hit hard by other crises this year: food, energy, the global economy, climate change.•笔译：穷国特别脆弱。
它们已经遭到今年一系列危机的重创：食品危机，能源危机以及全球经济危机和气候变化等。
•视译：穷国特别脆弱。
它们已经深受打击，受到今年其他危机的冲击，包括食品危机、能源危机以及全球经济危机和气候变化。
2. 灵活调整，重组信息•I went to Holiday Inn for a seminar at 10 o’clock yesterday.•顺句驱动：•我去了假日酒店参加一个研讨会在十点钟昨天。
•信息调整：•我去假日酒店参加一个研讨会，时间是昨天早上十点。
••The General Assembly recognized the importance of international cooperation in devising measures effectively to prevent their (terrorist acts) occurrence and of studying their underlying causes with a view to finding just and peaceful solutions as quickly as possible.•笔译：联合国大会认识到在为防止国际恐怖主义行为的发生制定有效措施时开展国际合作是重要的，也认识到研究发生国际恐怖主义行为的根本原因，以便尽快找出公正、和平的解决方法也是重要的。
The moment when the United States took its place as a leader and a permanent actor on the stage of international politics—at the end of the Second World War—coincided with the dawn of the nuclear age.•笔译：第二次世界大战结束之际美国开始作为领导者和长期活跃的角色出现在国际政治的舞台上，而此时恰恰也是核时代的开始。
视译的标准:•不重复•不停顿•不罗嗦•不晦涩• A green-collar worker is a worker who is employed in the environmental sectors of the economy. Environmental green-collar workers (or green jobs) satisfy the demand for green development. Generally, they implement environmentally conscious design, policy, and technology to improve conservation and sustainability.•绿领工人就是受雇于环保经济产业的工人。
环保绿领工人（绿领工作）可以满足绿色发展的需要。
一般来说，他们实行注重环保的设计、政策和技术以加强环境的保护和可持续性。
•Green collar workers include professionals such as environmental consultants, environmental or biological systems engineers, green building architects, solar energy and wind energy engineers and installers, green vehicle engineers, "green business" owners, and so on•绿领工人从事的职业包括环境咨询师，环境或生物系统工程师，绿色建筑师，太阳能和风能工程师及安装师，绿色机动车工程师，“绿色商业”老板，等等。
Excerpts from Lei Feng’s Diary《雷锋日记》节选十一•1961年1月18日•在我们前进的道路上，不可能不遇到一些暂时的困难，这些困难的实质，“纸老虎” 而已。
•问题是我们见虎而逃呢，还是“遇虎而打”？•“ 哪儿有困难就到哪儿去，”——不但“遇虎而打”，而且进一步“找虎而打”，这是崇高的共产主义风格。
•January 18, 1961•On the path of moving forward, it is impossible to avoid some temporary difficulties.The nature of these difficulties are ‘paper tigers’. The problem is... Are we going to run away or fight, when we are facing these ‘paper tigers’?•Go to the place where the difficulties are. Not only, fight with the tigers when we meet them but also search for the tigers ourselves. This is way for the sublime communist.•Translated by Leif Rogers• A US citizen and a foreign customer manager of Jinzhou Commercial Bank•Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening:•On behalf of all of your American-guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparably hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.•总理先生，在座的各位贵宾：•我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。
中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。
我不仅要特别赞扬那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人，而且还要赞扬那些给我们演奏这样美好的音乐的人。
我在外国从来没有听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。
•Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this very moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.•总理先生，我要感谢你的非常盛情和雄辩的讲话。
