高一第一学期期中考试卷
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杭州2024学年第一学期高一年级期中考语文试卷本试卷共150分,考试时间150分钟一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
①诗人、小说家、作曲家和书画家在创造性思维过程的关键时刻,如果受到打扰,思维过程被中断、破坏了兴会,往往再也没有办法接续一篇本来即将诞生的佳作伟构。
这类事情,在文学艺术史的记载中,在实际生活中,都并不罕见。
作为欣赏把玩对象的书法绘画作品,最精致的摹本也赶不上最朴拙的真迹,后者所具有的自然灵气是精工巧匠和先进技术无法复制的,正是因为这种自然灵气的存在,优秀的文学艺术作品使它的知音每一次欣赏都能获得新的乐趣。
②为了合理充分地解释类似现象,需要注意创造性思维中“有意义的空白”。
③在艺术创造、科学研究中,一个新颖而深刻的构思的萌生,一个开创性观点之闪露端倪,常常有着或长或短的将出而又隐的微妙曲折的历程。
在这个过程中,思维的主体感觉到有什么东西在胸中骚动涌起、挣扎折腾,好像只要稍微伸伸手就可以采撷到一颗最硕美的思维之果。
可是,当他热情亢奋、兴高采烈地抬手举足,想要把心之所思确定下来,物化为可视可闻、可传达可交流的实体的时候,忽然又觉得身躯绵软、视界模糊。
他这才发现,自己所看到的,只不过是一个飘渺恍惚、迷离闪烁的影子。
那个影子的存在是如此之真确,正以不可抗拒的强大磁力吸引着他,使他梦魂牵绕、寝食不安。
那个影子的存在又是如此虚幻,他一次又一次地抓握,却总是两手空空。
④这种特殊的心理状态,是主体对其内心状态的一种自我觉知,是找不到确定对象的觉知,是对于“空”、对于“不存在”、对于“缺口”的觉知;同时,又是强烈的具有很大能量的心理之流。
我们把这心理状态称之为有意义的空白。
⑤“有意义的空白”是任何人都可能有的心理现象,但是不同的人对于自己内心“空缺”的感觉的敏锐程度,以及突破“空缺”的愿望的强烈程度,有很大的差别。
而思维的创造性的大小高低正与此相关联。
2024-2025学年度第一学期高一英语期中考试卷试卷满分:100分第一部分阅读理解(共20 小题;每小题2.5 分,满分50 分)第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AHere are some pet-friendly universities in the UK and US.University of IllinoisStudents are allowed up to two pets in each apartment, as well as a fish tank of no more than 50 gallons.To keep a pet, you will need to get approval from the Family & Graduate housing department at the University of Illinois. You will have to provide proof that your pet is up to date with its vaccinations(疫苗), and pay a monthly US$30 pet fee, which is non-refundable(不可退款的).Your pet can’t be left for extended periods of time, and if there’s evidence that you’ve left it alone due to vacation or illness, the university may remove it.Harvard UniversityWith as many as 12 pet-friendly apartments, Harvard is a very pet-friendly university. It allows students to have fish in a tank of no more than 50 gallons, except for Harvard’s Cronkhite Graduate Center.In Harvard’s pet-friendly apartments, you’re allowed: one cat or one dog, which can’t be over 40 pounds when fully grown. At most, two pet birds.University of British Columbia Students can take advantage of the university’s B.A.R. K program, which uses the calming power of therapy dogs to help them.B.A.R. K started at the University of British Columbia, after an assistant professor called Dr. John-Tyler Binfet noticed that he couldn’t walk across campus without students running over to play with his dog, Frances. The students told him they were homesick and missed their pets, which encouraged Binfet to establish B.A.R. K as a way of fighting their loneliness.University of OxfordThe University of Oxford is famous for its resident pets, who happily wander around college grounds. Many Oxford colleges have their own tortoise and take part in the annual Corpus Christi tortoise race.Although you are not allowed to keep your own pet as a student, several Oxford colleges hold dog petting and walking therapy sessions.1.What is one of the rules for keeping pets at the University of Illinois?A.Pet keepers should pay a monthly US$ 30 pet fee which will be returned.B.Pets can’t be left alone in the apartments due to vacation or illness.C.Students have to keep fish in a fish tank of no more than 20 gallons.D.The cat or dog can’t be over 40 pounds when fully grown.2.Why did Dr. John-Tyler Binfet start B.A.R. K?A.To help students to fight against homesickness.B.To do research on dogs and train them to be pets.C.To help more professors to do exercise on campus.D.To give assistance to the pet dogs by offering them foods.3.Which university doesn’t allow students to keep pets?A.Harvard University. B.University of Oxford.C.University of Illinois. D.University of British Columbia.BA survey by the American Psychological Association shows that one in ten adults reads online news at least once an hour. A lot has been written about the mental health influence from news addiction, and in particular from reading negative reports. Just like junk food, “junk” news can be bad for our health.In recent years, things have been getting increasingly more negative. A study of the content of New Zealand’s largest newspaper showed that while in 1973 the average number of stories about death on the front page was 0.75, by 2013 it was 4.1(and no, there weren’t five times more people dying).What’s more, online news, and the stories we read on mobile phones in particular, tend to be even more negative than print. A 2019 study of 50 U.S. newspapers showed that mobile versions of newspapers report three times more stories about disasters and accidents than paper ones.Such negative reports lead people to believe that things are worse than they really are. They can lead to stress, worry and lower spirits.Experiments also suggest that loneliness and poor relationships have been connected with reading negative reports. After reading negative reports, people are less likely to help others. Even worse, when we check news on smart phones, we may “phub” our loved ones, which leads to lower relationship satisfaction.Negative reports attract our attention far more than positive ones. That’s a global happening. I hope, however, that if we realize that negative news is spoiling our moods, we might all be more willing to change. 4.Why is “junk food” mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To entertain readers.B.To introduce the topic.C.To make an advertisement.D.To keep readers away from it.5.What can we learn about the study in Paragraph 2?A.The death rate in New Zealand is very high.B.Print newspapers have become less popular.C.Stories about death have become less popular.D.Negative reporting has been increasing over years. 6.What may negative reports lead people to do?A.Live a hopeful life.B.Become more careful.C.Become less likely to help others.D.Pay more attention to their physical health.7.What does the underlined word “phub” in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Ignore B.Hate C.Laugh at D.Care about8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Survey on News Reading Habits B.Negative Effects of Mobile PhonesC.Is Online News Better Than Print?D.Is Junk News a Danger to Health?CThere was once a boy called Mario who loved to have lots of friends at school. However, he wasn’t sure whether or not his classmates were his true friends, so he asked his grandpa. The old man answered, “I have just exactly what you need; it’s in the attic (阁楼). Wait here for a minute.”Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand, but Mario could see nothing there. “Take it. It’s a very special chair. Because it’s invisible (无形的) it’s rather difficult to sit on, but if you take it to school and you manage to sit on it, you’ll be able to tell who your true friends are.”Mario took the strange invisible chair and went to school. At break time he asked everyone to form a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. “Nobody move. You’re about to see something amazing,” Mario said.Then Mario tried sitting on the chair. He missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone had a pretty good laugh. Mario wouldn’t be beaten. He kept trying to sit on the magic chair, and kept falling to theground... until, suddenly, he tried again and didn’t fall. This time he sat, hovering (悬停) in mid-air.Looking around, Mario saw George, Lucas, and Diana — three of his best friends — holding him up, so he wouldn’t fall. At the same time, many others he had thought of as friends were doing nothing but make fun of him, enjoying each and every fall.Leaving with his three friends, Mario explained to them how his grandpa had so cleverly thought of such a good idea. Now he knows that those who take joy in our misfortunes (不幸) when we are in difficulty are not our true friends.9.What did Mario’s grandpa take from the attic?A.An invisible chair.B.An old chair.C.A real chair.D.Nothing.10.Why did Mario’s grandpa give him the invisible chair?A.To see whether Mario could sit on it. B.To test who were Mario’s true friends.C.To let Mario have fun with his classmates.D.To test whether Mario was popular at school. 11.How was Mario able to hover in mid-air?A.He saw the invisible chair suddenly. B.He managed to sit on the chair finally.C.His friends held him up with their hands. D.His classmates gave him a chair to sit on.12.What does the story tell us?A.Never laugh at our friends. B.True friends can help us do magic.C.True friends are those who care for us. D.Having too many good friends isn’t a good thing.DSure, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.And yes, it’s good to get along well with your teacher because, in general, it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.In fact, kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school issues (问题).Here is a question:What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact, teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn. But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (个性冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By dealing with a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.However if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite, you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially if you fulfill (履行) your basic responsibilities as a student.Here are some of those responsibilities (责任):Attend class ready to learn.Be prepared for class with the right stationery, books, and completed assignments (作业).Listen when your teacher is talking.Do your best, whether it’s a classroom assignment, homework, or a test.13.According to the passage, what will happen to you when getting along well with your teachers ?A.We will have no problems with studyB.We will get a better seat in the classroomC.We will get the best scores in the examsD.We will have more pleasant time in the classroom14.What does the underlined word “that” refers to in the fourth paragraph?A.The happy time you have in the classroomB.Getting along very well with classmatesC.A better relationship between you and your teacherD.The disappearance of personality differences15.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The importance of friendship in schools.B.The importance of a good relationship with your teachers.C.Studying skills for students.D.Useful skills to get along well with your teachers.16.As a student, what will you do if you don’t like a certain teacher ?A.You fulfill (履行) your basic responsibilities as a studentB.You are thought of as a good studentC.You know some basic social skillsD.You are easygoing and helpful第二节七选五(每小题1分,共5分,根据短文内容,选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
江苏省海门中学2024-2025学年度第一学期期中考试试卷高一语文一、现代文阅读(29分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共4小题,13分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。
材料一:古籍历久弥新,靠的是一代代研究者、守护者薪火相传。
无数人将生命的能量注入薄薄的纸页间,从而让文化传承更有厚度。
输入网址、轻点鼠标,飘逸俊秀的汉隶代表作《曹全碑》书法跃然眼前,经典目录学著作《校雠通义》可逐页在线阅览,一批未经整理出版的日记、书札稿抄本首次公之于世……不久前,国家图书馆等收藏单位第七次联合发布古籍数字资源,6700多部(件)古籍在云端与读者见面。
近年来,一批又一批中华古籍借助数字技术加速开放共享,让更多人有机会具象化地了解“典籍里的中国”。
越来越多的古籍向公众开放,得益于古籍数字化的不断推进。
对古籍进行数字化转换,不仅方便学者研究,也能降低普通读者接触古籍的门槛。
在数字技术条件下,开放共享的资源规模更庞大,渠道也更便捷。
比如,在“中华古籍资源库”平台,公众无需注册,就可以直接登录阅览敦煌遗书等珍贵资料。
不只是国内的古籍,那些流布海外、国内缺藏的珍贵汉籍,其数字化回归也令人期待。
扩大古籍资源的开放共享,只是第一步,让古籍里的知识、故事、思想被深刻地理解并传承下去,是更艰巨的任务。
我国古籍浩如烟海,无论是保护修复,还是整理研究,都需要巨大投入。
要善于发挥数字化技术的长处,在保护的基础上做好系统性研究,提高利用效率。
比如,运用人工智能技术进行文字识别和数据分析,不仅能以很高的准确度给古籍加标点,对人名、地名、官职等进行标记,还能对古籍内容进行深度处理和知识提取。
这有助于提升研究效率,为后续利用、传播创造条件。
更好挖掘古籍的时代价值,还要找准它们与当今时代的结合点,让书写在古籍里的文字都活起来。
从各地图书馆依托古籍资源推出文创产品,到《典籍里的中国》等节目热播,从通过古籍考证还原古代服饰,到依据古籍版刻设计艺术字,近年来有许多成功的尝试,让古籍走进更多人的视野。
博罗县2024-2025学年度第一学期高一阶段性教学质量检测第一部分(选择题 共58分)一、填空题(共8题,每题5分,共40分,单项选择题)1.设全集U={-2,-1,1,2},A={-1,1},B={1,2}则=)(B A C u ( )A.{-2}B.{-1,2}C.{1}D.{-1,1,2}2.命题“x x R x >∈∃2,”的否定是( )A.x x R x <∈∃2,B.x x R x ≤∈∀2,C.x x R x ≤∈∃2,D.x x R x <∈∀2,3.函数xx y 24-=的定义域是( ) A.[-2,2] B.(-2,2) C.]2,0()0,2[ - D.]4,0()0,4[ -4.已知函数5)(2+-=mx x x f 在]2,(-∞上单调递减,则m 的取值范围为( )A.),4[+∞B.),2[+∞C.]4,(-∞D.]2,(-∞5.已知关于x 的不等式042≥+-m x mx 的解集为R ,则m 的取值范围是( )A.)2,(-∞B.]2,(-∞C.),2(+∞D.),2[+∞6.不等式0)1(2<++-m x m x 的解集中恰有三个整数,则实数m 的取值范围为( )A.{}53|≤≤-m mB.{}5412|≤<-<≤-m m m 或C.{}5413|<<<<-m m m 或D.{}5423|≤<-<≤-m m m 或7.数学家秦九韶提出了“三斜求积术”,即已知三角形的三条边分别为a,b,c ,三角形的面积S=))()((c p b p a p p ---求得,其中p 为三角形周长的一半,这个公式也被称为海伦-秦九韶公式,现有一个三角形的周长为12,a=4,则次三角形面积最大值为( ) A.4 B.34 C.24 D.548.已知min {a,b }=⎩⎨⎧>≤b a b b a a ,,,max {a ,b }=⎩⎨⎧>≤b a a b a b ,,则下列选项不正确的是( ) A.min {a,b }+max {a,b }=a+b B.2||},min{b a b a b a --+= C.2222})(,)m ax {(b a b a b a +≤-+ D.|}||,max{||}||,max{|b a b a b a ≥-+二、选择题(共3题,每题6分,共18分,多项选择题)9.已知函数a x x f =)(的图象经过点)31,3(,则( ) A.)(x f 的图象经过的点)91,9( B.)(x f 的图象关于y 轴对称 C.)(x f 在定义域上单调递减 D.)(x f 在),0(+∞内的值域为),0(+∞10.下列不等式正确的是( )A.若,0,22>>ab b a 则b a 11>B.若22cb c a >则b a > C.若0,>>>m b a ,则b a m b m a >++ D.若dc b a <>,则d b c a ->- 11.高斯函数是数学中的一个重要函数,在自然科学、社会科学以及工程学等领域都能看到它的身影.设R x ∈,用符号[x]表示不大于x 的最大整数,如[1.6]=1,[-1.6]=2称函数)(x f =[x]叫做高斯函数,下列关于高斯函数)(x f =[x]对的说法正确的有( )A.)3(-f =-3B.若)()(b f a f =,则|a-b|<1C.函数x x f y -=)(的值域是[-1,0)D.函数)(x f x y ⋅=在),1[+∞上单调递增第二部分(非选择题 共92分)三、填空题(共3题,每题5分,共15分,多项选择题)12.设二次不等式012>++bx ax 的解集为}311|{<<-x x ,则ab 的值为_______. 13.已知函数)(x f 是奇函数,且当x<0时,13)(2+-=x x x f ,则)2(f =______.当x>0时,)(x f =______.14.函数)(x f y =的图象关于坐标原点成中心对称的充要条件是函数)(x f y =为奇函数,可以将其推广为:函数)(x f y =的图象关于点P (a,b )成中心对称的充要条件是函数b a x f y -+=)(为奇函数.已知函数x x x f 3)(3-=图象成中心对称. 则:=++⋅⋅⋅++++⋅⋅⋅+-+-)2024()2023()2()1()0()2021()2022(f f f f f f f _______.四、解答题(共8题,其中15题13分,16题与17题15分,18题与19题17分,共77分.)15.已知函数⎩⎨⎧>+-≤+=0,20,3)(2x x x x x x f (1)求())2(-f f 的值.(2)在平面直角坐标系中画出)(x f 的大致图像,并且求出)(x f 的单调区间和值域.16.设集合{}012|22≤-+-=m mx x x A ,{}054|2≤--=x x x B .(1)若m=5,求B A .(2)若“A x ∈”是“B x ∈”的充分不必要条件,求实数m 的取值范围.17.如图,在周长为8的矩形ABCD 中国(其中AB>AD ),现将△ABC 沿AC 折叠△AB`C ,设AB`与CD 交于点E ,设AB=X,B`E=y.(1)求B`EC 的周长.(2)试用x 表示y,并求x 的取值范围.(3)当x 为何值时,△B`EC 的面积S 取得最大值,并求出该最大值.18.已知函数1)(2++=x n mx x f 是定义在[-1,1]上的奇函数,且1)1(=f . (1)求m ,n 的值.(2)用定义法判定)(x f 的单调性.(3)若使0)1()1(2<-+-a f a f 成立的实数a 的取值范围.19.对于集合M ,定义函数⎩⎨⎧∉∈-=Mx M x x f ,1,1)(,对于两个集合M,N ,定义集合}1)()(|{-==∆x f x f x N M N M ,已知}10,8,6,4,2{=A ,}16,8,4,2,1{=B .(1)写出)1(A f 和)1(B f 的值,并用列举法写出集合A △B.(2)用Card (M )表示有限集合M 所含有元素的个数,Card (X △A )+Card (X △B )的最小值.(3)有多少个集合对(P,Q ),满足B A Q P ⊆,,且B A B Q A P ∆=∆∆∆)()(?。
唐山市第一中学2024—2025学年第一学期期中考试高一历史学科试卷(理备)考试时间:60分钟总分:100分一、单选题(本大题共50小题,每题2分)1.考古工作者在河姆渡文化遗存发现了成堆的稻谷、谷壳、稻秆,最厚处达七八十厘米;发掘出的夹碳黑陶则是由掺有碎叶、稻壳的陶土烧制而成;该遗存还发现了成排颇具工艺的卯榫结构的木构建筑。
这些考古发现说明,当时()A.人们生活逐渐稳定B.早期国家已经形成C.稻粟种植开始出现D.阶级分化日益明显2.“王和帝代表着两个不同的历史时期。
黄帝的帝和帝尧、帝舜的帝一样,实际上是中国原始社会部落联盟时期军事首长的称谓;而夏、商、周的王则是奴隶社会的专制君主”。
导致这一变化的制度因素主要是()A.分封制B.宗法制C.王位世袭制D.礼乐制度3.晋国在献公以前,贵族主要依靠分封获取土地,分封的标准不是看功劳大小、能力高低,而是看血缘关系的亲疏远近。
但到了晋文公时分封的原则变成了“尚贤使能”“论功行赏”。
据此可知,晋文公时期()A.官僚政治得以正式确立B.宗法分封制逐渐瓦解C.尚贤标准得到普遍认可D.均田制度已渐趋崩溃4.古人常把一些技艺方法用与食物相关的惯用语来表达。
比如,“治大国如烹小鲜”,将治理国家比作烹饪。
在烹饪“小鲜”的时候,不能随意翻动,否则容易使其破碎。
同样,治理国家也不能随意干预,决策要谨慎,要尊重社会的自然规律和民心民意。
下列与“治大国如烹小鲜”理念相似的是()A.法家的“法治”思想B.墨家的“非攻”思想C.儒家的“仁政”思想D.道家的“无为”思想5.先秦时期,秦国被封于西北,长期与戎狄杂处;楚国地处江汉,周昭王曾三次率诸侯伐楚。
但秦人和楚人都称自己是颛顼(传说为黄帝之孙)的后代,并积极参加中原诸侯的会盟,楚武王甚至宣称楚国的先祖曾率领军队辅佐过文王。
这一现象()A.体现了中华文明同源同向性的特征B.表明统一多民族国家形成C.表明传统华夷观念已退出历史舞台D.反映出华夏认同感的加强6.“华夏国家是依靠封建制而形成的国家形态……但是,随着封建制赖以存在的宗法制日渐败坏……正是在这一背景下,中国必须再次重新寻找制度建构的道路,重新踏上制度建构的征程。
泉州五中2024-2025学年第一学期期中考试卷高一物理一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.“质点”、“匀速直线运动”等概念建立所用研究方法是()A.控制变量法B.等效替代法C.极限法D.理想化物理模型法2.关于速度、加速度和速度变化量的关系,下列说法中正确的是()A.物体的加速度增大时,速度可能反而减小B.物体的速度为零时,加速度一定为零C.物体的加速度很大,则速度变化量一定很大D.物体的加速度不为零且始终不变,则速度也始终不变3.某快递公司推出了用无人机配送快递的方法,某次配送时无人机从地面由静止开始竖直向上飞行,运动的v t 图像如图所示,以竖直向上为正方向,下列说法正确的是()A.无人机在第2s末开始改变速度方向做减速运动B.无人机在2s末至4s末竖直向下做减速运动C.在前6s运动过程中,第6s末无人机离地面最高D.无人机在前3s内的位移大小为3m4.如图所示,将弹性小球以10m/s的速度从距地面2m处的A点竖直向下抛出,小球落地后竖直反弹经过距地面1.5m高的B点时,向上的速度为7m/s,从A到B,小球共用时0.3s,则此过程()A.小球发生的位移的大小为0.5m,方向竖直向上B.小球速度变化量的大小为3m/s,方向竖直向下C.小球平均速度的大小为8.5m/s,方向竖直向下56.7m,方向竖直向上D.小球平均加速度的大小约为25.如图所示,水平桌面上平铺一张宣纸,宣纸的左侧压有一镇纸,写字过程中宣纸保持静止不动,下列说法正确的是( )A .毛笔对宣纸的摩擦力大于桌面对宣纸的摩擦力B .自左向右行笔写一横过程中,镇纸不受摩擦力作用C .自左向右行笔写一横过程中,桌面给宣纸的摩擦力向右D .竖直提起毛笔悬空时,增大握笔的力度可以增大手和笔之间的摩擦力6.一物体做直线运动,0时刻处在坐标原点处,运动过程中的2v x -图像如图所示,一段过程中纵轴的变化量为m ,对应的横轴变化量为n ,且这个过程对应的时间长为t ∆,这段过程的中间时刻与0时刻的时间间隔为2.5t ∆,则0时刻物体的速度为( )A .54n m tt n∆-∆ B .52n m tt n∆-∆ C .nt∆ D .2nt∆ 二、双项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分。
2024-2025学年度鄞州中学高一上语文期中考试卷阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。
弃疾字幼安,齐之历城人。
少师蔡伯坚,与党怀英同学,号辛、党。
始筮①仕,决以蓍②,怀英遇“坎”,因留事金,弃疾得“离”③,遂决意南归。
金主亮死,中原豪杰并起。
耿京聚兵山东,称天平节度使,节制山东、河北忠义军马,弃疾为掌书记④,即劝京决策南向。
僧义端者,喜谈兵,弃疾间与之游。
及在京军中,义端亦聚众千余,说下之,使隶京。
义端一夕窃印以逃,京大怒,欲杀弃疾。
弃疾曰:“丐我三日期,不获,就死未晚。
”揣僧必以虚实奔告金帅,急追获之。
义端曰:“我识君真相乃青兕⑤也力能杀人幸勿杀我。
”弃疾斩其首归报,京益壮之。
绍兴三十二年,京令弃疾奉表归宋,高宗劳师建康,召见,嘉纳之,授承务郎、天平节度掌书记,并以节使印告召京。
会张安国、邵进已杀京降金,弃疾还至海州,与众谋曰:“我缘主帅来归朝,不期事变,何以复命?”乃约统制王世隆及忠义人马全福等径趋金营,安国方与金将酣饮,即众中缚之以归,金将追之不及。
献俘行在⑥,斩安国于市。
仍授前官,改差江阴佥判。
弃疾时年二十三。
乾道四年,通判建康府。
六年,孝宗召对延和殿。
时虞允文当国,帝锐意恢复,弃疾因论南北形势及三国、晋、汉人才,持论劲直,不为迎合。
作《九议》并《应问》三篇、《美芹十论》献于朝,言逆顺之理,消长之势,技之长短,地之要害,甚备。
以讲和方定,议不行。
迁司农寺主簿,出知滁州。
州罹兵烬,井邑凋残,弃疾宽征薄赋,招流散,教民兵,议屯田,乃创奠枕楼,繁雄馆。
辟江东安抚司参议官,留守叶衡雅重之,衡入相,力荐弃疾慷慨有大略。
召见,迁仓部郎官、提点江西刑狱。
平剧盗赖文政有功,加秘阁修撰。
调京西转运判官,差知江陵府,兼湖北安抚。
【注】①筮(shì):占卜。
②蓍(shī):一种草。
古人用来占卜。
③坎、离:均为卦名。
坎在八卦中的方位为北方,离为南方。
④掌书记:节度使的属官,掌管文书笺奏,亦可参议军务。
⑤青兕(sì):传说为太上老君的坐骑。
兰州五十一中2024~2025年度第一学期期中考试试卷高一数学第I 卷(58分)一、单项选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是正确的.请把正确的选项填涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1.设全集,则( )A. B. C. D.2.“”是“”成立的( )条件.A.充分不必要B.必要不充分C.充分必要D.既不充分又不必要3.函数的定义域是( )A. B. C. D.4.命题“”的否定是( )A. B.C. D.5.不等式的解为( )A. B.或C. D.或6.已知函数,且,则( )A.1B.2C.3D.67.已知函数是定义在上的增函数,则满足的的取值范围是()A. B. C. D.8.函数)A. B. C. D.{}{3},0,1,2,3A x x B =∈<=N ∣A B ⋂={}0,1{}1,2{}0,1,2{}0,1,2,34x =3x ≥0(4)y x =-+[)1,∞-+()1,∞-+[)()1,44,∞-⋃+()()1,44,∞-⋃+2000,10x x x ∃∈++<R 2000,10x x x ∃∈++>R 2000,10x x x ∃∈++≥R 2,10x x x ∀∈++>R 2,10x x x ∀∈++≥R 21xx -≥01x <≤0x <1x ≥01x ≤≤0x ≤1x ≥()21,21,237,3x f x x x x x <⎧⎪=-≤<⎨⎪-≥⎩()02f x =0x =()f x [)0,∞+()1213f x f ⎛⎫-< ⎪⎝⎭x 12,33⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦12,33⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭12,23⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭12,23⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭y x =(],2∞-[)2,∞+9,4∞⎛⎤- ⎥⎝⎦9,4∞⎡⎫+⎪⎢⎣⎭二、多项选择题:本大题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对得6分,选对但不全的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9.下列说法中正确的是()A.若,则B.若,则C.若,则D.若,则10.下列命题正确的是( )A.若,且B.已知正数满足,则的最小值为C.若,则的最大值是D.若,则的最小值是911.定义在上的函数满足,当时,,则下列说法正确的是()A.B.为奇函数C.在区间上有最大值D.的解集为第II 卷(92分)三、填空题:本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.已知,则的真子集的个数是__________个.13.已知,则__________.14.若当时,不等式恒成立,则实数的取值范围是__________.四、解答题:本大题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.已知集合或,关于的不等式的解集为.(1)求集合;0,c ac bc >>a b>24,13a b -<<<<822a b -<-<0,0a b m >><m m a b<24,123a b b a -<+<<-<923a b -<-<,a b ∈R 0,ab a b >+≥x y 、1x y +=141x y ++920x >423x x--2-()2,0,0x x y x y =->>2x y +R ()f x ()()()f x f y f x y +=+0x <()0f x >()00f =()f x ()f x [],m n ()f n ()()22120f x f x -+->{31}x x -<<∣{24,}A xx x =-<<∈Z ∣A +⋂Z ()2132f x x x +=-+()f x =1x >1211x m x +≥--m {2A x x =>∣1}x <-x ()22210x a x a a -+++>B B(2)若,求实数的取值范围.16.若正实数满足:.(1)求的最大值;(2)求的最小值;(3)求的最小值.17.已知函数的解析式为(1)画出这个函数的图象,并写出的最大值;(2)解不等式;(3)若直线(为常数)与函数的图象有两个公共点,直接写出的范围.18.已知函数是上的偶函数,当,(1)求函数的解析式;(2)若,求实数的取值范围.19.对于函数,若,则称实数为的“不动点”,若,则称实数为的“稳定点”,函数的“不动点”和“稳定点”组成的集合分别记为和,即,.(1)对于函数,分别求出集合和;(2)设,若,求集合.A B B ⋃=a ,a b 2a b +=ab 14a b+2211a b +()f x ()22,1,126,2x x f x x x x x +≤-⎧⎪=-<≤⎨⎪-+>⎩()f x ()2f x <y k =k ()f x k ()f x R ()20,43x f x x x ≤=-+-()f x ()()211f m f m -<+m ()f x ()f x x =x ()f x ()()f f x x =x ()f x ()f x A B (){}A x f x x ==∣()(){}B x f f x x ==∣()21f x x =-A B ()2f x x ax b =++{}1,3A =-B兰州五十一中2024~2025年度第一学期期中考试试卷高一数学第I卷(58分)题号12345678910答案C A D D A C D C AB BC题号11答案ABD第II卷(92分)三、填空题:本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.713.14.四、解答题:本大题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(1)或16.(1)1(2)(3)217.(1),最大值为4(2)或(3)或18.(1)(2)19.(1)256x x-+(],2∞-{x x a<∣()1};211x a a>+-≤≤92{x x<∣4}x>k<14k<<()2243,043,0x x xf xx x x⎧--->=⎨-+-≤⎩()(),02,∞∞-⋃+{}{}1,1A B==B=-(2){。
2024-2025学年上学期高一物理期中考试卷(广东卷)高一物理考试范围:第一章,第二章;考试时间:75分钟;学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)一、单选题(本题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1.一物体车以25/m s −做匀变速直线运动,那么下列关于该物体运动的描述正确的是 ( ) A .该物体在做匀减速直线运动B .下一秒末与前一秒初的速度变化量大小为5m/sC .下一秒末与前一秒末的速度变化量大小为5m/sD .下一秒的平均速度比前一秒的平均速度小5m/s 【答案】C【详解】A 、物体加速度为25m /s −,如加速度方向与速度方向一致,则物体做匀加速直线运动,故A 错误; B.下一秒末与前一秒初相差2s ,速度变化量大小为10m/s ,故B 错误; C. 下一秒末与前一秒末相差1s ,速度变化量大小为5m/s ,故C 正确;D. 因为物体不一定做减速运动,下一秒的平均速度比前一秒的平均速度不一定小5m/s ,故D 错误. 故选C2.如图所示,甲同学用手拿着一把长50cm 的直尺,并使其处于竖直状态;乙同学把手放在直尺0刻度线位置做抓尺的准备。
某时刻甲同学松开直尺,直尺保持竖直状态下落,乙同学看到后立即用手抓直尺,手抓住直尺位置的刻甲度值为20cm ;重复以上实验,乙同学第二次手抓住直尺乙位置的刻度值为10cm 。
直尺下落过程中始终保持竖直状态。
若从乙同学看到甲同学松开直尺,到他抓住直尺所用时间叫“反应时间”,取重力加速度210m /s g =。
则下列说法中错误的是( )A .乙同学第一次的“反应时间”比第二次长B .乙同学第一次抓住直尺之前的瞬间,直尺的速度约为4m/sC .若某同学“反应时间”大于0.4s ,则用该直尺将无法用上述方法测量他的“反应时间”D .若将尺子上原来长度值改为对应的“反应时间”值,则得到的时间刻度是不均匀的 【答案】B【详解】A .根据自由落体位移公式212h gt =可知第一次直尺下落时间较长,故乙同学第一次的“反应时间”比第二次长,故A 正确,不符合题意; B .由速度位移公式可得,乙同学第一次抓住直尺之前的瞬间,直尺的速度为1/s 2m /s v ===故B 错误,符合题意; C .直尺在0.4s 内下降的距离为23310.8m 0.5m 2h gt ==> 故某同学的“反应时间”大于0.4s ,则用该直尺将无法用上述方法测量他的“反应时间”,故C 正确,不符合题意; D .根据212h gt =可得t 若将尺子上原来的长度值改为对应的“反应时间”值,则得到的时间刻度是不均匀的,故D 正确,不符合题意。
宁波中学2024年度第一学期期中高一数学试卷(满分150分,考试时间120分钟)一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 已知集合{}1,2,4,7M =,{}4,6,7N =,则M N =I ( )A. {}1,2,4,6,7B. {}1,2,6C. {}4,7D. {}2,4【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用集合的交集运算即可得解.【详解】因{}1,2,4,7M =,{}4,6,7N =,所以M N =I {}4,7.故选:C.2. 命题“N n "Î,22Z n n ++Δ的否定为( )A. N n "Î,22Z n n ++Ï B. N n "Ï,22Z n n ++ÏC. N n $Î,22Z n n ++Î D. N n $Î,22Zn n ++Ï【答案】D 【解析】【分析】利用量词命题的否定方法即可得解.【详解】因为量词命题的否定方法为:改量词,否结论,所以命题“N n "Î,22Z n n ++Δ的否定为N n $Î,22Z n n ++Ï.故选:D.3. 已知0.23a =,0.33b =,0.22c =,则( )A. b a c >> B. a b c >>C. b c a >> D. a c b>>【答案】A 【解析】为【分析】利用指数函数的单调性与幂函数的单调性即可判断得解.【详解】因为3x y =为单调递增函数,所以0.30.233>,则b a >,因0.2y x =为增函数,所以0.20.232>,则a c >,综上,b a c >>.故选:A.4. 已知正实数a ,b 满足2a b +=,则312a b+的最小值为( )A.272B. 14C. 15D. 27【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用基本不等式“1”的妙用即可得解.【详解】因正实数a ,b 满足2a b +=,所以31213121312127()15152222b a a b a b a b a b ææöæö+=++=++³+=çç÷ç÷çèøèøè,当且仅当312b a a b=,即24,33a b ==时取等号,所以312a b+的最小值为272.故选:A 5. 函数3(e)x f xx =的图象大致为( )A. B.C. D.【答案】D为【解析】【分析】先利用奇偶函数的定义判断得()f x 的奇偶性排除AB ,再利用指数函数的性质分析得()f x 的正负情况,从而排除C ,由此得解.【详解】对于3()ex xf x =,其定义域为R ,又33()()e ex xx xf x f x ---==-=-,则()f x 是奇函数,排除AB ,当0x >时,30x >,e e 0x x =>,所以()0f x >,排除C ,又选项D 的图象满足上述性质,故D 正确.故选:D.6. 设m ÎR ,“12m <-”是“方程22(3)40m x m x -++=在区间(2,)+¥上有两个不等实根”的( )条件.A. 充分必要B. 充分不必要C. 必要不充分D. 既不充分也不必要【答案】C 【解析】【分析】举反例说明充分性,利用二次方程根的分布说明必要性,从而得解.【详解】当12m <-时,取3m =-,则方程22(3)40m x m x -++=为2940x +=,显然无解,即充分性不成立;当方程22(3)40m x m x -++=在区间(2,)+¥上有两个不等实根时,则()22222Δ344032242(3)40m m m m x m m m ì>ï=+-´>ïïí+=>ïïï-++>î,即0315********m m m m m m ¹ìïï-<<ïïí-<<<<ïïï-ïî或或,则3152m -<<-,此时12m <-成立,即必要性成立;所以前者是后者的必要不充分,故C 正确.故选:C.7. 中国5G 技术领先世界,其数学原理之一便是香农公式:2log 1S C W N æö=+ç÷èø,它表示:在受噪音干扰的信道中,最大信息传递速率C 取决于信道带宽W 、信道内信号的平均功率S 、信道内部的高斯噪声功率N 的大小,其中S N 叫信噪比.按照香农公式,若不改变带宽W ,将信噪比S N从2000提升至10000,则C 大约增加了(lg 20.3010)»( )A 18%B. 21%C. 23%D. 25%【答案】B 【解析】【分析】由已知公式,将信噪比SN看作整体,分别取2000,10000求出相应的C 值,再利用对数运算性质与换底公式变形即可得解.【详解】由题意,将信噪比SN从2000提升至10000,则最大信息传递速率C 从()12log 12000C W =+增加至()22log 110000C W =+,所以2212212210001log log 10001log 20012001log 2001log 2001C C W W C W --==3100011000010lglg lg10.3012001200020.2121%lg 2001lg 2000lg 2lg100.3013-=»==»=++.故选:B.8. 已知函数()f x 为R 上的奇函数,当0x ³时,2()2f x x x =-,若函数()g x 满足(),0()(),0f x xg x f x x ³ì=í-<î,且(())0g f x a -=有8个不同的解,则实数a 的取值范围为( )A. 1a <-B. 10a -<<C. 01a <<D. 1a >【答案】B 【解析】【分析】先利用函数的奇偶性与题设条件得到()f x 与()g x 的解析式,设()t f x =,作出函数()g t 的图.象,数形结合,分类讨论函数1a <-、10a -<<与0a >三种情况,得到对应情况下(())0g f x a -=的解的个数,从而得解.【详解】因为函数()f x 为R 上的奇函数,当0x ³时f (x )=x 2―2x ,令0x <,则0x ->,则()22f x x x -=+,又()()22f x f x x x=--=--所以()222,02,0x x x f x x x x ì-³=í--<î,则()222,02,0x x x g x x x x ì-³=í+<î,设()t f x =,作出函数()g t 的图象,对于A ,当1a <-时,函数()g t a =没有实数根,不满足题意;对于B ,当10a -<<时,函数()g t a =有四个根1234,,,t t t t ,其中1(2,1)t Î--,2(1,0)t Î-,3(0,1)t Î,4(1,2)t Î;作出()f x 与1y t =、2y t =、3y t =与4=y t 的图象,如图,显然几个函数恰有8个交点,则(())0g f x a -=有8个不同的解,故B 正确;对于CD ,当0a >时,函数()g t a =有两个根12,t t ,其中1(,2)t Î-¥-,2(2,)t Î+¥,与选项B 同理可知()f x 与1y t =、2y t =各有一个交点,则(())0g f x a -=只有2个不同的解,不满足题意,故CD 错误.故选:B.【点睛】方法点睛:已知函数有零点(方程有根)求参数值(取值范围)常用的方法:(1)直接法:直接求解方程得到方程的根,再通过解不等式确定参数范围;(2)分离参数法:先将参数分离,转化成求函数的值域问题加以解决;(3)数形结合法:先对解析式变形,进而构造两个函数,然后在同一平面直角坐标系中画出函数的图象,利用数形结合的方法求解.二、多选题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9. 已知a ,b ,c 为实数,且0a b >>,则下列不等式正确的是( )A.11a b< B.11a cb c<--C. ac bc > D.22a b c c >【答案】AD 【解析】【分析】根据不等式的性质,作差逐一判断即可.【详解】因为0a b >>,选项A :110b aa b ab --=<,所以11a b<,故A 说法正确;选项B :()()11b aa cbc a c b c --=----,当a b c >>或c a b >>时,()()0b aa cbc -<--,即11a c b c<--;当a c b >>时,()()0b a a c b c ->--,即11a c b c>--,故B 说法错误;选项C :当0c =时,ac bc =,故C 说法错误;选项D :因为210c >,所以22a b c c >,故D 说法正确;故选:AD10. 已知函数)()lg 1f x x =-+,则下列说法正确的是( )A. ()f x 的值域为RB. (1)f x +关于原点对称C. ()f x 在(1,)+¥上单调递增D. ()f x 在[1,1]x m m Î-+上的最大值、最小值分别为M 、N ,则0M N +=【答案】ABD 【解析】【分析】利用作差法,结合对数函数的性质判断A ,构造函数())lg k x x =,研究()k x 的性质判断B ,利用()k x 的单调性与奇偶性判断CD ,从而得解.【详解】对于A ,()2222110x x x -+--=>,所以()222210x x x -+>-³1x >-,10x -+>恒成立,所以()f x 的定义域为R ,且当x 趋于无穷大时,1y x =-+接近于0,当x 趋于无穷小时,1y x =-+=趋于无穷大,所以()f x 的值域为R ,故A 正确;对于B ,因为))(1)lg (1)1lgf x x x +=++=-,令())lgk x x =,则()(1)f x k x +=,易知()k x 的定义域为R ,又()()))lglglg10k x k x x x -+=++==,所以()k x 为奇函数,关于原点对称,即(1)f x +关于原点对称,故B 正确;对于C ,因为())1gk x x =-=在()0,¥+上递减,而将()k x 的图象向右平移一个单位可得()f x 的图象,所以()f x 在(1,)+¥上单调递减,故C 错误;对于D ,因为()k x 在()0,¥+上递减,且())1gk x x =-为奇函数,则()00k =,())k x x =-\在(),-¥+¥上为减函数,而将()k x 的图象向右平移一个单位可得()f x 的图象,()f x \在(),-¥+¥上为减函数,即()f x 在[1,1]m m -+上单调递减,则()()()()110M N f m f m k m k m +=-++=-+=,故D 正确.故选:ABD.11. 已知函数()f x 满足:对于,x y ÎR ,都有()()()(1)(1)f x y f x f y f x f y -=+++,且(0)(2)f f ¹,则以下选项正确的是( )A. (0)0f = B. (1)0f =C. (1)(1)0f x f x ++-= D. (4)()f x f x +=【答案】BCD 【解析】【分析】利用赋值法,结合条件分析得()()1,0f f 的值,从而判断AB ,利用赋值法,结合AB 中的结论、抽象函数的奇偶性和周期性的判定方法判断CD ,从而得解.【详解】对于B :令0x y ==,则()()()22001,f f f éùéù=+ëûëû令1x y ==,则()()()22012,f f f éùéù=+ëûëû所以()()2202,f f éùéù=ëûëû因为()()02f f ¹,所以()()02f f =-,令1,0x y ==,则()()()()()110210f f f f f =+=,故B 正确;对于A :由选项B 可得()()200f f éù=ëû,所以()00f =或()01f =,若()00f =,则()()()220120f f f éùéù=+=ëûëû,所以()20f =,这与()()02f f ¹矛盾,舍去;若()01f =,则()()()220120f f f éùéù=+=ëûëû,解得()21f =±,因为()()02f f ¹,所以()21f =-,()01f =,故A 错误;对于C :令0x =,则()()()()()011f y f f y f f y -=++,因为f (1)=0,()01f =,所以()()f y f y -=,所以()f x 为偶函数,令1x =,则()()()()()()11211f y f f y f f y f y -=++=-+,即()()11f x f x -=-+,所以(1)(1)0f x f x ++-=,故C 正确;对于D :由选项C 知()()11f x f x -=-+,所以()()2f x f x -=-+,又()f x 为偶函数,所以()()()2f x f x f x =-=-+,即f (x +2)=―f (x ),所以f (x +4)=―f (x +2)=f (x ),故D 正确.故选:BCD.【点睛】方法点睛:抽象函数求值问题,一般是通过赋值法,即在已知等式中让自变量取特殊值求得一些特殊的函数值,解题时注意所要求函数值的变量值与已知的量之间的关系,通过赋值还可能得出函数的奇偶性、周期性,这样对规律性求值起到决定性的作用.三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12. 函数3()log (31)f x x =+的定义域为______.【答案】13x x ìü-íýîþ【解析】【分析】根据对数式的意义即可求解.【详解】要使函数有意义,则13103x x +>Þ>-,所以函数的定义域为13x x ìü-íýîþ.故答案为:13x x ìü-íýîþ.13. 定义()f x x =éùêú(其中éùêúx 表示不小于x 的最小整数)为“向上取整函数”.例如 1.11-=-éùêú,2.13=éùêú,44=éùêú.以下描述正确的是______.(请填写序号)①若()2024f x =,则(2023,2024]x Î,②若27120x x -+£éùéùêúêú,则(2,4]x Î,③()f x x =éùêú是R 上的奇函数,④()f x 在R 上单调递增.【答案】①②【解析】【分析】利用对“向上取整函数”定义的理解,结合定义域与二次不等式的求解可判断①②,举反例,结合函数奇偶性与单调性的定义可判断③④,从而得解.【详解】因为éùêúx 表示不小于x 最小整数,的则有x x ³éùêú且1x x -<éùêú,即1x x x -<éùéùêúê£ú,对于①,()2024f x x ==éùêú,则20232024x <£,即(2023,2024]x Î,故①正确;对于②,令t x =éùêú,则不等式可化为27120t t -+£,解得34t ££,又t x =éùêú为整数,则3t =或4t =,当3t =时,即3x =éùêú,则23x <£;当4t =时,即4x =éùêú,则34x <£,所以24x <£,则(2,4]x Î,故②正确;对于③,因为()f x x =éùêú,则(0.5)1f =,(0.5)0(0.5)f f -=¹-,则()f x x =éùêú不是R 上的奇函数,故③错误;对于④,因为()f x x =éùêú,则(0.5)1f =,(0.6)1f =,即(0.5)(0.6)f f =,所以()f x 在R 上不单调递增,故④错误.故答案为:①②.14. 已知a ,b 满足2221a ab b +-=,则232a ab -的最小值为______【答案】2【解析】【分析】变形给定等式,换元2a b m +=,用m 表示,a b ,再代入,利用基本不等式求出最小值.【详解】由2221a ab b +-=,得(2)()1a b a b +-=,令2a b m +=,则1a b m-=,解得233m a m =+,8322()33m a b a a b m-=+-=+,因此22228116132(32)()()(10(102333399m m a ab a a b m m m m -=-=++=++³+=,当且仅当2216m m=,即24m =时取等号,所以232a ab -的最小值为2.故答案为:2【点睛】关键点点睛:将2221a ab b +-=变形为(2)()1a b a b +-=,令2a b m +=,再表示出,a b 是求出最小值的关键.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15. 求值(110232ln 2024+-(2)()()24525log 5log 0.2log 2log 0.5++【答案】(1)152 (2)14【解析】【分析】(1)根据根式与指数式的互化将根式化为同底的指数式,再结合对数运算性质和指数幂性质即可计算得解.(2)根据对数性质、运算法则和换底公式即可计算求解.【小问1详解】原式()()111125253424211115221222222´´=´+-=-=-=.【小问2详解】原式225511log 5log 0.2log 2log 0.522æöæö=++ç÷ç÷èøèø225525log 5log log 2log log log æ=++=ççè11lg 5lg 2122lg 2lg 54==´=.16. 已知集合{}121A x m x m =+££-,11|288x B x -ìüíýîþ=££.(1)求B ;(2)若A B Í,求实数m 的取值范围.【答案】(1){}|24B x x =-££(2)5,2æù-¥çúèû【解析】【分析】(1)利用指数函数的单调性解不等式,从而化简集合B ;(2)利用集合间的包含关系,分类讨论A =Æ与A ¹Æ两种情况,得到关于m 的不等式(组),解之即可得解.【小问1详解】由11288x -££,得313222x --££,所以313x -£-£,解得24x -££,所以{}|24B x x =-££.【小问2详解】因为A B Í,{}121A x m x m =+££-,当A =Æ时,121m m +>-,得2m <,满足条件;当A ¹Æ时,2m ≥且21214m m -£+ìí-£î,解得522m ££;综上所述,m 的取值范围是5,2æù-¥çúèû.17. 某乡镇响应“绿水青山就是金山银山”的号召,因地制宜的将该镇打造成“生态水果特色小镇”.经调研发现:某珍惜水果树的单株产量W (单位:千克)与使用肥料x (单位:千克)满足如下关系:210(3),02()100100,251x x W x x x ì+££ï=í-<£ï+î,肥料成本投入为11x 元,其他成本投入(如培育管理、施肥等人工费)25x 元.已知这种水果的市场售价为20元/千克,且销路畅通供不应求.记该水果树的单株利润为()f x (单位:元).(1)求()f x 的函数关系式;(2)当使用肥料为多少千克时,该水果树单株利润最大,最大利润是多少?【答案】(1)220036600,02()2000200036,251x x x f x x x x ì-+££ï=í--<£ï+î; (2)当使用肥料为5千克时,该水果树单株利润最大,最大利润是44603元.【解析】【分析】(1)根据单株产量W 与施用肥料x 满足的关系,结合利润的算法,即可求得答案.(2)结合二次函数的最值以及对勾函数求最值,分段计算水果树的单株利润,比较大小,即可求得答案.【小问1详解】依题意,2200(3)36,02()20()251120()3610020(10036,251x x x f x W x x x W x x x x x ì+-££ï=--=-=í--<£ï+î220036600,022*********,251x x x x x x ì-+££ï=í--<£ï+î.【小问2详解】当02x ££时,2()20036600f x x x =-+,则当2x =时,()f x 取得最大值(2)1328f =;当25x <£时,500()203636(1)20364[9(1)]112000f x x x x x=--+=-++++令1(3,6]x t +=Î,5005009(1)91x t x t ++=++,函数5009t ty +=在(3,6]上单调递减,当6t =时,min 4123y =,此时5x =,()f x 取得最大值4460(5)3f =,而446013283<,因此当5x =时,max 4460()3f x =,所以当使用肥料为5千克时,该水果树单株利润最大,最大利润是44603元.18. 已知函数()42x x a f x -=为奇函数,(1)求a 的值;(2)判断()f x 的单调性,并用单调性定义加以证明;(3)求关于x 的不等式()22(4)0f x x f x ++-<的解集.【答案】(1)1a =(2)()f x 在R 上单调递增,证明见解析(3){}41x x -<<【解析】【分析】(1)利用奇函数的性质()00f =求得a ,再进行检验即可得解;(2)利用函数单调性的定义,结合作差法与指数函数的性质即可得解;(3)利用()f x 的奇偶性与单调性,将问题转化为224x x x +<-,从而得解.【小问1详解】因为()42x x a f x -=为奇函数,且定义域为R ,所以()00f =,则00402a -=,解得1a =,此时()411222x x x x f x -==-,则()()112222x x x x f x f x --æö-=-=--=-ç÷èø,即()f x 为奇函数,所以1a =.【小问2详解】()f x 在R 上单调递增,证明如下:任取12,R x x Î,且12x x <,则12220x x -<,12220x x ×>则()()1222211112111122222222x x x x x x x x f x f x æö-=---=-+-ç÷èø()12121212122212222102222x x x x x x x x x x -æö=-+=-+<ç÷××èø,所以()()12f x f x <,故()f x 在R 上单调递增.【小问3详解】因为()22(4)0f x x f x ++-<,所以()()22(4)4f x x f x f x +<--=-,则224x x x +<-,即2340x x +-<,解得41x -<<,所以()22(4)0f x x f x ++-<的解集为{}41x x -<<.19. 已知函数3()f x x a a x=--+,(R)a Î,(1)若1a =,求关于x 方程()1f x =的解;(2)若关于x 的方程2()f x a=有三个不同的正实数根1x ,2x ,3x 且123x x x <<,(i )求a 的取值范围;的(ii )证明:1333x x x >.【答案】(1)12x =(2)(i );(ii )证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)根据题意得由31x x-=,分类讨论1x ³与1x <两种情况去掉绝对值即可得解;(2)(i )分段讨论()f x 的解析式,结合对勾函数的性质分析得()f x 的单调性,进而得到关于a 的不等式,解之即可得解;(ii )利用(i )中结论,分析得123x x =与3x 关于a 的表达式,进而得解.【小问1详解】当1a =时,3()11f x x x =--+,则由()1f x =,得31x x -=,当1x ³时,则31x x -=,即230x x --=,解得12x =+或12x =(舍去);当1x <时,则31x x-=,即230x x -+=,无实数解,综上,12x =+.【小问2详解】(i )因为3()f x x a a x=--+,当x a £时,33()2f x x a a a x x x æö=-+-+=-+ç÷èø,当x a >时,33()f x x a a x x x=--+=-,由对勾函数的性质可知,32y a x x æö=-+ç÷èø在(上单调递增,在)+¥上单调递减,易知3y x x =-在()0,¥+上单调递增,当)0a a £¹时,则32y a x x æö=-+ç÷èø在()0,a 上单调递增,3y x x =-在(),a +¥上单调递增,又当x a =时,332a x x x xæö-+=-ç÷èø,所以()f x 在()0,¥+上单调递增,故方程2()f x a=不可能存在3个不同正实根,所以a ³32y a x x æö=-+ç÷èø在(上单调递增,在)a 上单调递减,3y x x=-在(),a +¥上单调递增,故2322a a a a a <<-æö-+ç÷èøa <<即a 的取值范围为;(ii )12x x 、是方程322a x x a æö-+=ç÷èø,即22230x a x a æö--+=ç÷èø的两个根,故123x x =,3x 是方程32x x a -=30x -=的较大根,则31x a =+且在区间上单调递减,所以1233333x x x x =>+=>.【点睛】方法点睛:已知函数有零点(方程有根)求参数值(取值范围)常用的方法:(1)直接法:直接求解方程得到方程的根,再通过解不等式确定参数范围;(2)分离参数法:先将参数分离,转化成求函数的值域问题加以解决;(3)数形结合法:先对解析式变形,进而构造两个函数,然后在同一平面直角坐标系中画出函数的图象,利用数形结合的方法求解.。
普宁二中2012~2013学年度第一学期高一期中考试英语试题(2011.10)命题人:蔡丽园陈琼审题人:蔡静影第一部分语言知识及应用(共两节,满分35分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1-15各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.But only a few of them are very 1 . English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U. S. A, but in other parts of the world. About 200, 000, 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a 2 language. Many millions are trying to do so.Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different 3 Have you ever 4 ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?“Learn English in six month, o r your 5 back ...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes 6 you master your English in a month. From the first day your 7 will be excellent. Just send...” Of course, it never 8 quite like this.The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were 9 . If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. 10 what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and 11 in it all the time, just imagine how much 12 that gets!So it is hard to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English 13 upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and 14 much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will 15 . But they cannot do the student’s work for him.1. A. difficult B. important C. necessary D. easy2. A. native B. mother C. useful D. foreign3. A. answers B. problems C. results D. questions4. A. found B. watched C. noticed D. known5. A. knowledge B. money C. time D. English6. A. make B. allow C. let D. help7. A. pronunciation B. grammar C. English D. spelling8. A. seemed B. know C. happened D. felt9. A. students B. babies C. children D. grown-ups10. A. Consider B. Mind C. Do A. Follow11. A. using B. trying C. thinking D. practicing12 A. practice B. money C. language D. time13 A. has B. tries C. depends D. takes14 A. uses B. costs C. gets D. takes15 A. do B. help C. work D. master第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在非选择题答题卷上标号为16—25的相应位置。
Wang Kun and Wang Wei are brother and sister. They have dreamed of 16 (take) a great bike trip. 17 was Wang Wei who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong river. They 18 (ride) bicycles to travel along the Mekong River, 19 source is in Qinghai Province. 20 it enters Southeast Asia, it travels slowly t through hills and low valleys and the plains 21 rice grows. Despite the difficulties, Wang Kun and Wang Wei were __22 (determine) to begin their journey at 23 altitude of over 5,000 metres in Qinghai Province. 24 their journey, they enjoyed the 25 (continue) change of the weather. Finally, they reached Dali in Yunnan Province, where Dao Wei and Yu Hang joined them. The four of them went on with their great bike trip.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AOne day Mrs. Perry said to her husban d, “Jack, there is a meeting of our ladies’ club at Mrs. Young’s house at lunch time today. And I want to go to it. I’ll leave you some food for your lunch. Is that all right?”“Oh, yes,” her husband answered, “that’s quite all right. What are you going to leave for my lunch?”“This tin of fish.” Mrs. Perry said. “And there are some cold boiled potatoes and some beans here, too.”“Good,” Mr. Perry answered. “I’ll have a good lunch.”So Mrs. Perry went to her meeting. All the ladies had lunch at Mrs. Young’s house , and at three o’clock she came home.“Was your fish nice?” asked she.“Yes, but my feet are hurting,” he answered.“Why are they hurting?”“Well, the words on the tin were Open the tin and stand in hot water for five minutes.”26. Mrs. Perry went to the meeting because .A. she had something to do with the ladies’ clubB. she wanted to join the clubC. she was a friend of Mrs. Young’sD. she was a member of the ladies’ club27. Mrs. Perry left home some food for Jack’s lunch because .A. Jack knew nothing about cookingB. she wanted to go to the meeting very muchC. she didn’t cookingD. she wanted Jack to have a good time28. Which of the following is not true?A. Mrs. Perry arrived at Mrs. Young’s before lunchB. Mrs. Perry wanted to test her husbandC. Mr. Perry had a good lunchD. Mr. Perry liked fish29. Jack had his feet hurt .A. when he was opening the tinB. when he was helping himself to the fishC. before he opened the tinD. after he opened the tin30. “Open the tin and stand in hot water for five minutes” means .A. you should open the tin and stand in hot water for 5 minutesB. you should open the tin and let it stand in hot water for 5 minutesC. you should open the tin but not stand in hot water for 5 minutesD. you should not open the tin but stand in hot water for 5 minutesBOn a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of the New York railway station, playing his violin. The music was so great that many people stopped to put some money into the hat of the young man.The next day, the young artist came to the same place, and put his hat on the ground gracefully. Different from the day before, he took out a large piece of paper and laid it under his hat. Then he began to play the violin. It sounded more pleasant than ever.Soon he was surrounded with people who were attracted by the words on that paper. It said, “Last night, a gentleman named George Sang put an important thing into my hat by mistake. Please come to claim (认领) it soon.”After about half an hour, a middle-aged man rushed through the crowd to the violinist and said, “Yes, it’s you. I knew that you were an honest man and would certainly come here.” The young violinist asked calmly, “Are yo u Mr. George Sang?” The man nodded. The violinist asked, “Did you lose something?”“It’s a lottery ticket,” said the man. The violinist took out a lottery ticket on which George Sang’s name was seen. “Is it?” he asked. George nodded and took the lottery ticket and kissed it, then danced with the violinist.The violinist was a student at an arts college and had planned to attend advanced studies in Vienna. Later his classmate asked the violinist, “At that time you needed money to pay the tuition and you had to play the violin in the railway station every day to make money. Why didn’t you keep the lottery ticket for yourself?”The violinist said, “Although I don’t have much money, I live happily. But if I lose honesty I won’t be happy forever.” Through our l ives, we can gain a lot and lose so much. But being honest should always be with us.31. What did the young artist do at the railway station on Friday?A. He waited for the train to Vienna.B. He came to buy a train ticket to Vienna.C. He played the violin to make some money.D. He walked around the New York railway station.32. Which sentence below best explains the underlined sentence in paragraph two?A. Because the violinist loved to play the violin at the station.B. Because the violinist felt happy when people surrounded him.C. Because the artist felt happier when he did a good thing.D. Because he felt happy to attend advanced studies.33. According to the words on the paper, which sentence below is TRUE?A. It asked a gentleman named George Sang to claim his hat.B. It was a lottery ticket and he needed to find the owner.C. It was a lottery ticket and the owner is unknown.D. It asked a gentleman named George Sang to claim his important thing.34. The artist didn’t take the lottery ticket for himself because he .A. didn’t need the moneyB. thought the lottery was worth nothingC. chose to be honestD. was afraid of blame if he kept it for himself35. From this article, we can learn that .A. we should know the importance of honesty and lead a happy lifeB. we should share with others if we find something valuableC. keep the lottery if you find oneD. playing the violin could make you feel happyCPALO ALTO, California---"Turning off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter--- even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise," US researchers said last week.A study of 192 third and fourth graders, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds (0.9kg) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet."The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction (减少) in television viewing and not any other activity," said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician(儿科专家) at Stanford University."American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing video games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years," Robinson said.In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’ annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter.Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet or took part in any extra exercise."One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories," Robinson said."Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more," Robinson said.36. The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that .A. children will get fatter if they eat too muchB. children will get thinner if they eat lessC. children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TVD. children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV37. According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV .A. is more than on any other activitiesB. is less than four hours a dayC. doubled in the last twenty yearsD. is more than four hours a day38. The time children spend on TV viewing every day the researchers is about .A. six hoursB. three hoursC. eight hoursD. one hour39. Which one of the following is right?A. Children usually eat fewer while watching TV.B. Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV.C. Children usually eat more while watching TV.D. Children usually eat nothing while watching TV.40. Why can watching TV increase kids’ weight according to the passage?A. They usually eat more while watching TV.B. They change their diet while watching TV.C. They burn off fewer calories.D. Both A and C.DThe food on the moon has come a long way from the freeze-dried bread to half-dried food. They have changed a lot in the past few years. And now US scientists want to grow vegetables in mini-greenhouses on the moon.Scientists say they are looking forward to a time when people on the moon or even Mars will be able to eat green and fresh vegetables. Paragon Space Development Corporation has shown people what it called the first step toward growing flowers - and finally food - on the moon.Paragon, which is a partner of NASA in experiments at the International Space Station, calls it a "Lunar Oasis".This is a closed greenhouse placed in a metal box. It is designed to safely land a laboratory plant on the lunar surface, and protect it while it grows.The small greenhouse is to be set up into space by Odyssey Moon Ltd, which takes part in the Google Lunar X Prize. This competition offers $20 million to any company which can send up, land and operate a lunar rover (月面车) on the moon surface.Leaders of Paragon say future testing of the "Lunar Oasis" will be driven by Odyssey’s flight schedule, which will not happen until 2012 at the earliest.When it is sent up, the greenhouse will have the seeds (种子) of cabbage inside it. Because they go from seed to flower in just 14 days. They can complete its life cycle in a single lunar night."Growing plants on the Moon or Mars seems so far away, but it is important that we dothis research now," Paragon president Jane Poynter sa id.” It takes a long time to do a lot of research."41. What do we know about “Lunar Oasis” from the passage?A. It is made of wood by scientists.B. It is open for people who are on the Mars.C. It can carry different kinds of plants to the moon.D. It will protect plants to grow on the moon.42. The seeds of cabbage are chosen because they .A. have beautiful flowers.B. can grow very quickly.C. can grow in the greenhouse.D. can grow bigger than other seeds.43. According to the passage, Paragon Space Development Corporation .A. has produced food on the moon.B. is in charge of NASA in experiments.C. takes part in the Google Lunar X Prize.D. may test “Lunar Oasis” in the future.44. What does Jane Poynter think of growing plants on other planets?A. It is possible.B. It can be realized easily.C. It is impossible.D. It will come true very soon.45. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Exploring the Moon and the MarsB. Making use of the Lunar RoverC. Researching Fresh Food on the MoonD. Seeking the Living Things on the Moon第二节信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。