Lecture 1 Sentence StructureTeaching Aims1. Systematic introduction to sentence structure2. Sufficient information of the basic clause types3. Improvement of students‟ awareness of clause elementsTeaching content1.Subject-predicate structure and sentence analysis2.Basic clause type and transformationSentence is built on the clause, sentence is not definite, but clause is. So here the sentence structure, sentence element, sentencepattern refer to those in the simple sentence, that is, theclause structure, clause element and basic clause type.1. Subject-predicate structure and sentence analysis1.1 Subject and predicateSubject is the topic of clause and the known information, and acted by the objective and substantial phrases, such asnoun phrases and pronoun phrases.Predicate is the part to illustrate the subject, the New information, and acted by verb phrases.1.2S entence analysis①predicate verb, object, complement, adverbial②predicate = operator + predicationⅰTwo ways of sentence analysis●One way is divide the predicate into verb, object, complement andadverbial. These elements together with the subject make the clause elements. 主语、谓语、宾语、补语、状语、表语、同位语●The other way is to divide predicate into two parts: the operator andthe predication. The operator is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase, while the predication comprises the main verb with its complementation(object,complement or adverbial) 谓语（操作词operator +述谓成分predication）2. Basic clause type and transformationThe structure form of subject is simple; the predicate is complex and diverse.1.1B asic clause types:SVC (linking verb),SV (intransitive verb),SVO (transitive/monotransitive verb),SvoO (ditransitive verb),SVOC (complex transitive verb).Adverbial cannot be omitted; therefore, the other two basicclause types are SVO, SVOA.2.2 Transformation and amplification●The basic clause types are all narrative, affirmative, active sentences,which can be transformed to question, negative, passive sentences.The means to amplify basic clause type is:1. to add the compound sentence to it (coordination).2. to add modifiers or subordinate clause (subordination).●ExpansionThe basic clause types and their variants can also be expanded into larger grammatical units through adding modifiers at various levels this larger unit can again be expanded through coordination and subordination into compound, complex and compound-complex sentences.●Sentence: is the superlative grammar unit with two characters:①Sentence can be used independently in communication.②Sentence can express complete meaning.[1] Full Sentence: sentence includes at least one complete subject-predicate structure.Minor Sentence:[2] Full sentence can be divided into simple sentence, compoundsentence, complex sentence, compound-complex sentence. Simple sentencei)SV主谓Day dawns.ii)SLP主系表Tom‟s father is a professor.iii)SVO主谓宾Ruth understands French.iv)SVOO主谓宾宾He told us the whole story.v)SVOC主谓宾补He found George intelligent.vi)SVC主谓补He died a poor man. 他穷困而死。
