英语构词法中的派生法
派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）；
后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
(1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-,
mis-, non-, un- 。
disable disadvantage disagree disappear
disapprove disclose discolour disconnect
discontinuous discontinue discount discourage
disorder
illegal impossible inaccurate inactive
inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient
incredible incurable independent ineffective
informal invisible irregular irremovable
irrespective irresponsible
misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead
misread mistrust misunderstand misuse
nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement
unable unacceptable unaware unbalance
unbreakable uncertain unchangeable
uncomfortable undecided unemployed
undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical
unfold unpack untie
(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
a.前缀anti
anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist
anti-Japanese War
b.前缀auto
autobiography autography
c.前缀bi-
bicentury bilingual
d.前缀co
co-operation coauthor coheir
e.前缀de
deform degrade devalue
f.前缀en- em
enable encourage endanger
enlarge enrich embitter
g. 前缀ex
ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wife
h.前缀mid-
midday midnight midterm mid-aged
i.前缀multi-
multiform multilingual multimedia multipurpose
j. 21. 前缀over-
overcrowded overwork overload overproduce
overlook overcome
k. 22.前缀pre-
prewar prehistoric prepay precondition
l.前缀re-
rewrite review recycle
m.前缀vice-
vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premier vice-president
二、后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：
a、后缀-age，构成抽象名词
marriage percentage shortage storage
b.后缀al- 构成抽象名词
arrival refusal approval survival
proposal removal
c.后缀–an ，-ian “人”从事……职业者”，构成名词。
Italian librarian magician vegetarian
musician politician technician
d.后缀-ance，-ence，构成名词.
appearance allowance existence presence
performance ignorance influence intelligence
evidence diligence guidance
preference significance
e.后缀-dom 构成名词
kingdom freedom
f、后缀-ee，-eer，-er，-or，构成表人的名词
beginner competitor conductor director employee engineer examinee interviewee
tailor volunteer
g.后缀-ess 构成表“雌性”的名词
actress goddess hostess waitress
h、后缀-ful 构成表“容量单位”名词
a basketful of a handful of mouthful spoonful
i.后缀-ics 构成学科名词：
gymnastics physics politics mathematics
j、后缀-ism ，构成名词
Buddhism extremism imperialism terrorism
patriotism socialism tourism
k、后缀-ist 构成名词。
bioiogist chemist economist specialist extremist geologist physicist
l. 后缀-ment 构成抽象名词
advertisement agreement amusement appointment argument arrangement development embarrassment equipment
establishment improvement judgment requirement treatment m.后缀-ness 构成抽象名词：
coolness correctness dampness
m. 后缀-sion 构成抽象名词：
aggression comparison conclusion expression invasion permission tension
n. 后缀-th 构成抽象名词
birth depth length strength warmth
width youth
0. 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词
application celebration classification creation congratulation consideration consolidation description
p.后缀–ure，构成抽象名词
failure mixture
q. 以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词
ability curiosity electricity equality
identity majority prosperity society
(2) 构成动词的后缀常用的有：
a.后缀-en ，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。名词后的-en 构成形容词brighten deepen flatten frighten loosen sharpen strengthen widen
wooden woolen
b.后缀–ize，构成及物动词
apologize analyse categorize
organize realize
(3) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有：
a.后缀-able
acceptable adjustable admirable avoidable unbelievable comparable endurable incredible reasonable recycleable respectable
valuable visible
b、后缀–al 构成形容词
environmental grammatical natural occasional original operational personal political
practical professional traditional universal
c、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词
distant important patient convenient permanent urgent violent
