毕业设计(论文)外文参考资料及译文封面

本科毕业论文外文翻译外文译文题目:不确定条件下生产线平衡：鲁棒优化模型和最优解解法学院：机械自动化专业：工业工程学号: 201003166045学生姓名: 宋倩指导教师：潘莉日期: 二○一四年五月Assembly line balancing under uncertainty: Robust optimization modelsand exact solution methodÖncü Hazır , Alexandre DolguiComputers ＆Industrial Engineering，2013,65：261–267不确定条件下生产线平衡：鲁棒优化模型和最优解解法安库·汉泽，亚历山大·多桂计算机与工业工程，2013，65：261–267摘要这项研究涉及在不确定条件下的生产线平衡，并提出两个鲁棒优化模型。

假设了不确定性区间运行的时间。

该方法提出了生成线设计方法,使其免受混乱的破坏。

基于分解的算法开发出来并与增强策略结合起来解决大规模优化实例.该算法的效率已被测试,实验结果也已经发表。

本文的理论贡献在于文中提出的模型和基于分解的精确算法的开发.另外，基于我们的算法设计出的基于不确定性整合的生产线的产出率会更高，因此也更具有实际意义。

此外,这是一个在装配线平衡问题上的开创性工作,并应该作为一个决策支持系统的基础。

关键字：装配线平衡；不确定性; 鲁棒优化；组合优化；精确算法1.简介装配线就是包括一系列在车间中进行连续操作的生产系统。

零部件依次向下移动直到完工。

它们通常被使用在高效地生产大量地标准件的工业行业之中。

在这方面，建模和解决生产线平衡问题也鉴于工业对于效率的追求变得日益重要。

生产线平衡处理的是分配作业到工作站来优化一些预定义的目标函数。

那些定义操作顺序的优先关系都是要被考虑的,同时也要对能力或基于成本的目标函数进行优化。

就生产（绍尔，1999）产品型号的数量来说，装配线可分为三类：单一模型（SALBP）,混合模型(MALBP）和多模式（MMALBP）。

毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考资 料 及 译 文译文题目： CIC MegaCore Function 学生姓名： 高佳 学 号： 1021129024 专 业： 通信工程 所在学院： 龙蟠学院 指导教师： 姜志鹏 职 称： 讲师2013年11月06日CIC MegaCore Function----From DescriptionThis document describes the Altera CIC MegaCore function. The Altera CIC MegaCore function implements a cascaded integrator-comb filter with data ports that are compatible with the Avalon Streaming interface. CIC filters (also known as Hogenauer filters) are computationally efficient for extracting baseband signals from narrow-band sources using decimation, and for constructing narrow-band signals from processed baseband signals using interpolation.CIC filters use only adders and registers, and require no multipliers to handle large rate changes. Therefore, CIC is a suitable and economical filter architecture for hardware implementation, and is widely used in sample rate conversion designs such as digital down converters (DDC) and digital up converters (DUC).The Altera CIC MegaCore function supports the following features:■Support for interpolation and decimation filters with variable rate change factors (2 to 32,000), a configurable number of stages (1 to 12), and two differential delay options (1 or 2).■Single clock domain with selectable number of interfaces and a maximum of 1,024 channels.■Selectable data storage options with an option to use pipelined integrators.■Configurable input data width (1 to 32 bits) and output data width (1 to full resolution data width).■Selectable output rounding modes (truncation, convergent rounding, rounding up, or saturation) and Hogenauer pruning support.■Optimization for speed by specifying the number of pipeline stages used by each integrator.■Compensation filter coefficients generation.■Easy-to-use MegaWizard interface for parameterization and hardware generation.■IP functional simulation models for use in Altera-supported VHDL and Verilog HDL simulators.■DSP Builder ready.Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) filters are widely used in modern communication systems. As the signal processing in all aspects of requirements are constantly improve, in digital technology, the design of the filter appears increasingly important.Those who have signal processing ability of device can be referred to as a filter.In the modern telecommunications equipment and all kinds of control system, filter is widely used.Of all the electronic devices, using the most, the most widely used, technology is the most complex filter.Filter quality directly decides the product quality, good performance of filter can make the system more stable, so the filter of the countries all over the research and production has always been highly valued.With the wide application of digital technology, field programmable gate array (FPGA) has been the rapid development, integration and speed is growing.FPGA has high integration and reliability of the gate array (FPGA), and programmable resistance, maximum limit reduces the design cost, shorten the development cycle.Using CIC filters provides a silicon efficient architecture for performing sample rate conversion. This is achieved by extracting baseband signals from narrow-band sources using decimation, and constructing narrow-band signals from processed baseband signals using interpolation. The key advantage of CIC filters is that they use only adders and registers,and do not require multipliers to implement in hardware for handling large rate changes.A CIC filter (also known as a Hogenauer filter) can be used to perform either decimation or interpolation. A decimation CIC filter comprises a cascade of integrators (called the integrator section), followed by a down sampling block (decimator) and a cascade of differentiators (called the differentiator or comb section). Similarly an interpolation CIC filter comprises a cascade of differentiators, followed by an up sampling block (interpolator) and a cascade of integrators .In a CIC filter, both the integrator and comb sections have the same number of integrators and differentiators. Each pairing of integrator and differentiator is called a stage. The number of stages ( N ) has a direct effect on the frequency response of a CIC filter. The response of the filter is determined by configuring the number of stages N , therate change factor R and the number of delays in the differentiators (called the differential delay) M . In practice, the differential delay is set to 1 or 2.The MegaWizard interface only allows you to select legal combinations of parameters, and warns you of any invalid configurations .For high rate change factors, the maximum required data width for no data loss is large for many practical cases. To reduce the output data width to the input level, quantization is normally applied at the end of the output stage. In this case, the following rounding or saturation options are available:■Truncation : The LSBs are dropped. (This is equivalent to rounding to minus infinity.)■Convergent rounding . Also known as unbiased rounding . Rounds to the nearest even number . If the most significant deleted bit is one, and either the least significant of the remaining bits or at least one of the other deleted bits is one, then one is added to the remaining bits.■Round up: Also known as rounding to plus infinity. Adds the MSB of the discarded bits for positive and negative numbers via the carry in.■Saturation: Puts a limit value (upper limit in the case of overflow, or lower limit in the case of negative overflow) at the output when the input exceeds the allowed range. The upper limit is+2n-1 and lower limit is –2n.These rounding options can only be applied to the output st age of the filter. The data widths at the intermediate stages are not changed. The next section describes cases where the data width at the intermediate stages can be changed.Hogenauer pruning [Reference ] is a technique that utilizes truncation or rounding in intermediate stages with the retained numb er of bits decreasing monotonically from stage to stage, while the total error introduced is still no greater than the quantization error introduced by rounding the full precision output. This technique helps to reduce the number of logic cells used by the filter and gives better performance.The existing algorithms for computing the Hogenauer bit width growth for large N and R values are computationally expensive.For more information about these algorithms, refer to U. Meyer-Baese, Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays, 2nd Edition, Spinger, 2004.The CIC MegaCore function has pre-calculated Hogenauer pruning bit widths stored within the MegaCore function. There is no need to wait for Hogenauer pruning bit widths to be calculated if Hogenauer pruning is enabled for a decimation filter. Hogenauer pruning is only available to decimation filters when the selected output data width is smaller than the full output resolution data width.There are often many channels of data in a digital signal processing (DSP) system that require filtering by CIC filters with the same configuration. These can be combined into one filter, which shares the adders that exist in each stage and reduces the overall resource utilization. This combined filter uses fewer resources than using many individual CIC filters. For example, a two-channel parallel filter requires two clock cycles to calculate two outputs. The resulting hardware would need to run at twice the data rate of an individual filter. This is especially useful for higher rate changes where adders grow particularly large.To minimize the number of logic elements , a multiple input single output (MISO) architecture can be used for decimation filters, and a single input multiple output (SIMO) architecture for interpolation filters as described in the following sections.In many practical designs, channel signals come from different input interfaces. On each input interface, the same parameters including rate change factors are applied to the channel data that the CIC filter is going to process. The CIC MegaCore function allows the flexibility to exploit time sharing of the low rate differentiator sections. This is achieved by providing multiple input interfaces and processing chains for the high rate portions, then combining all of the processing associated with the lower rate portions into a single processing chain. This strategy can lead to full utilization of the resources and represents the most efficient hardware implementation. These architectures are known as multiple input single output (MISO) decimation filters.Single input multiple output (SIMO) is a feature associated with interpolation CIC filters. In this architecture, all the channel signals presented for filtering come from a single input interface.Like the MISO case, it is possible to share the low sampling rate differentiator section amongst more channels than the higher sampling frequency integrator sections. Therefore, this architecture features a single instance of the differentiator section, and multiple parallel instances of the integrator sections.After processing by the differentiator section, the channel signals are split into multiple parallel sections for processing in a high sampling frequency by the integrator sections. The sampling frequency of the input data is such that it is only possible to time multiplex two channels per bus, therefore the CIC filter must be configured with two input interfaces. Because two interfaces are required, the rate change factor must also be at least two to exploit this architecture. Up to 1,024 channels can be supported by using multiple input interfaces in this way.Single input multiple output (SIMO) is a feature associated with interpolation CIC filters. In this architecture, all the channel signals presented for filtering come from a single input interface. Like the MISO case, it is possible to share the low sampling rate differentiator section amongst more channels than the higher sampling frequency integrator sections.Therefore, this architecture features a single instance of the differentiator section, and multiple parallel instances of the integrator sections.After processing by the differentiator section, the channel signals are split into multiple parallel sections for processing in a high sampling frequency by the integrator sections.The required sampling frequency of the output data is such that it is only possible to time multiplex two channels per bus. Therefore the CIC filter must be configured with four output interfaces. Because four interfaces are required, the rate change factor must also be at least four to exploit this architecture, but in this example a rate change of eight is illustrated.SIMO architecture is applied when an interpolation filter type is chosen and the number of interfaces selected in the MegaWizard interface is greater than one.The total number of input channels must be a multiple of the number of interfaces. To satisfy this requirement, you may need to either insert dummy channels or use more than one CIC MegaCore function. Data is transferred as packets using AvalonStreaming interfaces. CIC filters have a low-pass filter characteristic. There are only three parameters (the rate change factor R , the number of stages N , and the differential delay M ) that can be modified to alter the passband characteristics and aliasing/imaging rejection. However, due to their drooping passband gains and wide transition regions, CIC filters alone cannot provide the flat passband and narrow transition region filter performance that is typically required in decimation or interpolation filtering applications.This problem can be alleviated by connecting the decimation or interpolation CIC filter to a compensation FIR filter which narrows the output bandwidth and flattens the passband gain.You can use a frequency sampling method to determine the coefficients of a FIR filter that equalizes the undesirable passband droop of the CIC and construct an ideal frequency response.The ideal frequency response is determined by sampling the normalized magnitude response of the CIC filter before inverting the response.Generally, it is only necessary to equalize the response in the passband, but you can sample further than the passband to fine tune the cascaded response of the filter chain.The Avalon-ST interface can also support more complex protocols for burst and packet transfers with packets interleaved across multiple channels.The Avalon-ST interface inherently synchronizes multi-channel designs, which allows you to achieve efficient, time-multiplexed implementations without having to implement complex control logic.CIC MegaCore函数----摘自 描述这篇文章对Altera公司的CIC 宏函数作了说明。

MSE协议攻击1引言2004年，CacheLogic公司（现名Velocix）根据一项六个月的调查指出，BitTorrent（以下简称BT）流量约占Internet总流量的33%[1]。

尽量各项调查得出的结论之间存在一定差异，但不可否认的是，BT的应用已经越来越广泛。

BT的大规模应用给网络性能带来了一定的负面影响。

因此，一些ISP已经开始对BT 进行限速。

为了应对这一情况，BT客户端的开发者设计了MSE协议，其主要目的是对数据流提供混淆功能，其次提供一定的保密和认证功能[2]。

BT客户端的开发者并没有基于已知的公有协议（例如IPSec），而是完全重新设计了MSE协议。

本文描述了MSE协议的大量漏洞，利用这些漏洞可以完全恢复出密钥和导致种子指纹的泄露。

我们把这种攻击应用到不同平台下的各种客户端。

结果显示，MSE协议具有大量漏洞，且协议本身有许多细节之处仍待完善。

2BitTorrent协议BitTorrent协议的设计目的是在网络上高效地传输大型文件。

当需要分发大型文件时，将之分解为文件块，并由多个节点提供下载，以减轻网络中单个节点的成本和负载。

当使用BitTorrent协议下载文件时，几乎将同时开始上传文件块。

BT网络由四个部分组成：下载者、做种者、Web服务器和Tracker服务器。

在使用BT协议共享某个文件之前，必须先创建一个种子文件。

这个种子文件包含了需要下载的共享文件中各个文件块的信息，包括Tracker信息、共享的文件块总数、所有文件块的哈希值等基本信息。

当下载完成后，可以利用这些哈希值来验证文件的完整性。

此外，文件中还包含一个用其它部分的元数据计算得到的哈希值InfoHash。

InfoHash值可以用来确定某个特定的种子文件。

除了将种子文件分发给用户下载外，还必须将文件信息报告给Tracker服务器。

Tracker服务器的工作是跟踪记录所有做种者的信息，并保持下载者之间的相互通信。

当用户使用BT协议下载文件时，首先从Web服务器上下载种子文件。

译文交通拥堵和城市交通系统的可持续发展摘要:城市化和机动化的快速增长,通常有助于城市交通系统的发展，是经济性，环境性和社会可持续性的体现,但其结果是交通量无情增加，导致交通拥挤。

道路拥挤定价已经提出了很多次，作为一个经济措施缓解城市交通拥挤，但还没有见过在实践中广泛使用，因为道路收费的一些潜在的影响仍然不明。

本文首先回顾可持续运输系统的概念,它应该满足集体经济发展,环境保护和社会正义的目标.然后,根据可持续交通系统的特点，使拥挤收费能够促进经济增长，环境保护和社会正义。

研究结果表明,交通拥堵收费是一个切实有效的方式，可以促进城市交通系统的可持续发展。

一、介绍城市交通是一个在世界各地的大城市迫切关注的话题。

随着中国的城市化和机动化的快速发展,交通拥堵已成为一个越来越严重的问题,造成较大的时间延迟,增加能源消耗和空气污染，减少了道路网络的可靠性．在许多城市,交通挤塞情况被看作是经济发展的障碍.我们可以使用多种方法来解决交通挤塞,包括新的基础设施建设，改善基础设施的维护和操作,并利用现有的基础设施,通过需求管理策略,包括定价机制,更有效地减少运输密度.交通拥堵收费在很久以前就已提出，作为一种有效的措施,来缓解的交通挤塞情况。

交通拥堵收费的原则与目标是通过对选择在高峰拥挤时段的设施的使用实施附加收费,以纾缓拥堵情况．转移非高峰期一些出行路线,远离拥挤的设施或高占用车辆，或完全阻止一些出行,交通拥堵收费计划将在节省时间和降低经营成本的基础上,改善空气中的质量，减少能源消耗和改善过境生产力。

此计划在世界很多国家和地方都有成功的应用。

继在2０世纪70年代初和8０年代中期挪威与新加坡实行收费环,在20０３年2月伦敦金融城推出了面积收费；直至现在,它都是已经开始实施拥挤收费的大都市圈中一个最知名的例子。

然而,交通拥堵收费由于理论和政治的原因未能在实践中广泛使用。

道路收费的一些潜在的影响尚不清楚,和城市发展的拥塞定价可持续性,需要进一步研究。

本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计（论文）题目：组合钻床动力滑台液压系统及电控系统设计外文题目： Drilling machine译文题目：组合钻床学生姓名：马莉莉专业：机械设计制造及其自动化0701班指导教师姓名：王洁评阅日期：正文内容小四号字，宋体，行距1.5倍行距。

The drilling machine is a machine for making holes with removal of chips and it is used to create or enlarge holes. There are many different types of drilling machine for different jobs, but they can be basically broken down into two categories.The bench drill is used for drilling holes through raw materials such as wood, plastic and metal and gets its name because it is bolted to bench for stability so that larger pieces of work can be drilled safely. The pillar drill is a larger version that stands upright on the floor. It can do exactly the same work as the bench drill, but because of its size it can be used to drill larger pieces of materials and produce bigger holes. Most modern drilling machines are digitally automated using the latest computer numerical control (CNC) technology.Because they can be programmed to produce precise results, over and over again, CNC drilling machines are particularly useful for pattern hole drilling, small hole drilling and angled holes.If you need your drilling machine to work at high volume, a multi spindle drill head will allow you to drill many holes at the same time. These are also sometimes referred to as gang drills.Twist drills are suitable for wood, metal and plastics and can be used for both hand and machine drilling, with a drill set typically including sizes from 1mm to 14mm. A type of drill machine known as the turret stores tools in the turret and positions them in the order needed for work.Drilling machines, which can also be referred to as bench mounted drills or floor standing drills are fixed style of drills that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor or workbench. A drilling machine consists of a base, column, table, spindle), and drill head, usually driven by an induction motor.The head typically has a set of three which radiate from a central hub that, when turned, move the spindle and chuck vertically, parallel to the axis of the column. The table can be adjusted vertically and is generally moved by a rack and pinion. Some older models do however rely on the operator to lift and re clamp the table in position. The table may also be offset from the spindles axis and in some cases rotated to a position perpendicular to the column.The size of a drill press is typically measured in terms of swing which can be is defined as twice the throat distance, which is the distance from the centre of the spindle to the closest edge of the pillar. Speed change on these drilling machines is achieved by manually moving a belt across a stepped pulley arrangement.Some drills add a third stepped pulley to increase the speed range. Moderndrilling machines can, however, use a variable-speed motor in conjunction with the stepped-pulley system. Some machine shop drilling machines are equipped with a continuously variable transmission, giving a wide speed range, as well as the ability to change speed while the machine is running.Machine drilling has a number of advantages over a hand-held drill. Firstly, it requires much less to apply the drill to the work piece. The movement of the chuck and spindle is by a lever working on a rack and pinion, which gives the operator considerable mechanical advantage.The use of a table also allows a vice or clamp to be used to position and restrain the work. This makes the operation much more secure. In addition to this, the angle of the spindle is fixed relative to the table, allowing holes to be drilled accurately and repetitively.Most modern drilling machines are digitally automated using the latest computer numerical control (CNC) technology. Because they can be programmed to produce precise results, over and over again, CNC drilling machines are particularly useful for pattern hole drilling, small hole drilling and angled holes.Drilling machines are often used for miscellaneous workshop tasks such as sanding, honing or polishing, by mounting sanding drums, honing wheels and various other rotating accessories in the chuck. To add your products click on the traders account link above.You can click on the links below to browse for new, used or to hire a drilling machine.Drilling machines are used for drilling, boring, countersinking, reaming, and tapping. Several types are used in metalworking: vertical drilling machines, horizontal drilling machines, center-drilling machines, gang drilling machines, multiple-spindle drilling machines, and special-purpose drilling machines.Vertical drilling machines are the most widely used in metalworking. They are used to make holes in relatively small work-pieces in individual and small-lot production; they are also used in maintenance shops. The tool, such as a drill, countersink, or reamer, is fastened on a vertical spindle, and the work-piece is secured on the table of the machine. The axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled are aligned by moving the workpiece. Programmed control is also used to orient the workpiece and to automate the operation. Bench-mounted machines, usually of the single-spindle type, are used to make holes up to 12 mm in diameter, for instance, in instrument-making.Heavy and large workpieces and workpieces with holes located along a curved edge are worked on radial drilling machines. Here the axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled are aligned by moving the spindle relative to the stationary work-piece.Horizontal drilling machines are usually used to make deep holes, for instance, in axles, shafts, and gun barrels for firearms and artillery pieces.Center-drilling machines are used to drill centers in the ends of blanks. They are sometimes equipped with supports that can cut off the blank before centering, and in such cases they are called center-drilling machines. Gang drilling machines with more than one drill head are used to produce several holes at one time. Multiple-spindle drilling machines feature automation of the work process. Such machines can be assembled from several standardized, self-contained heads with electric motors and reduction gears that rotate the spindle and feed the head. There are one-, two-, and three-sidedmultiple-spindle drilling machines with vertical, horizontal, and inclined spindles for drilling and tapping. Several dozen such spindles may be mounted on a single machine. Special-purpose drilling machines, on which a limited range of operations is performed, are equipped with various automated devices.Multiple operations on workpieces are performed by various combination machines. These include one- and two-sided jig boring machines,drilling-tapping machines (usually gang drilling machines with reversible thread-cutting spindles), milling-type drilling machines and drilling-mortising machines used mainly for woodworking, and automatic drilling machines.In woodworking much use is made of single- and multiple-spindle vertical drilling machines, one- and two-sided, horizontal drilling machines (usually with multiple spindles), and machines equipped with a swivel spindle that can be positioned vertically and horizontally. In addition to drilling holes, woodworking machines may be used to make grooves, recesses, and mortises and to remove knots.英文翻译指导教师评阅意见。

山东建筑大学本科毕业设计说明书外文文献及翻译格式模版1附件3：（本科毕业论文）文献、资料题目：院（部）专班姓名：张三学号：指导教师：张九光翻译日期：2005.6.30，the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working to develop a new encryption standard to keep government information secure ．The organization is in the final stages of an open process of selecting one or more algorithms ，or data-scrambling formulas ，for the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and plans to make adecision by late summer or early fall ．The standard is slated to go into effect next year ．AES is intended to be a stronger ，more efficient successor to Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES)，which replaced the aging DES ，which was cracked in less than three days in July 1998．“Until we have the AES ，3DES will still offer protection for years to come ．So there is no need to immediately switch over ，”says Edward Roback ，acting chief of the computer security division at NIST and chairman of the AES selection committee ．“What AES will offer is a more efficient algorithm ．It will be a federal standard ，but it will be widely implemented in the IT community ．”According to Roback ，efficiency of the proposed algorithms is measured by how fast they can encrypt and decrypt information ，how fast they can present an encryption key and how much information they can encrypt ．The AES review committee is also looking at how much space the algorithm takes up on a chip and how much memory it requires ．Roback says the selection of a more efficient AES will also result in cost savings and better use of resources ．“DES w as designed for hardware implementations ，and we are now living in a world of much more efficient software ，and we have learned an awful lot about the design of algorithms ，”says Roback ．“When you start multiplying this with the billions of implementations done daily ，the saving on overhead on the networks will be enormous ．”……山东建筑大学毕业设计（或毕业论文，二选一）外文文献及译文- 1 -以确保政府的信息安全。

毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目：Kangle community Power Of Distribution in Yandu Of yancheng盐城市盐都区康乐小区配电设计学生姓名：学号： 0804110437 专业：电气工程及其自动化所在学院：机电工程学院指导教师：职称：讲师2012 年 3 月 3日Power Of community Distribution To DesignABSTRACT:The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off.KEYWORDS:power supply and distribution, power distribution reliability，reactive compensation, load distributionThe revolution of electric power system has brought a new big round construction,which is pushing the greater revolution of electric power technique along with the application of new technique and advanced equipment. Especially, the combination of the information technique and electric power technique, to great ex- tent, has improved reliability on electric quality and electric supply. The technical development decreases the cost on electric construction and drives innovation of electric network. On the basis of national and internatio- nal advanced electric knowledge, the dissertation introduces the research hotspot for present electric power sy- etem as following.Firstly, This dissertation introduces the building condition of distribution automation(DA), and brings forward two typical construction modes on DA construction, integrative mode and fission mode .It emphasize the DA structure under the condition of the fission mode and presents the system configuration, the main station scheme, the feeder scheme, the optimized communication scheme etc., which is for DA research reference.Secondly, as for the (DA) trouble measurement, position, isolation and resume, This dissertation analyzes the changes of pressure and current for line problem, gets math equation by educing phase short circuit and problem position under the condition of single-phase and works out equation and several parameter s U& , s I& and e I& table on problem . It brings out optimized isolation and resume plan, realizes auto isolation and network reconstruction, reduces the power off range and time and improves the reliability of electric power supply through problem self- diagnoses and self-analysis. It also introduces software flow and use for problem judgement andsets a model on network reconstruction and computer flow.Thirdly, electricity system state is estimated to be one of the key techniques in DA realization. The dissertation recommends the resolvent of bad measurement data and structure mistake on the ground of describing state estimate way. It also advances a practical test and judging way on topology mistake in state estimate about bad data test and abnormity in state estimate as well as the problem and effect on bad data from state measure to state estimate .As for real time monitor and control problem, the dissertation introduces a new way to solve them by electricity break and exceptional analysis, and the way has been tested in Weifang DA.Fourthly, about the difficulty for building the model of load forecasting, big parameter scatter limit and something concerned, the dissertation introduces some parameters, eg. weather factor, date type and social environment effect based on analysis of routine load forecasting and means. It presents the way for electricity load forecasting founded on neural network(ANN),which has been tested it’s validity by example and made to be good practical effect.Fifthly, concerning the lack of concordant wave on preve nting concordant wave and non-power compensation and non-continuity on compensation, there is a topology structure of PWM main circuit and nonpower theory on active filter the waves technique and builds flat proof on the ground of Saber Designer and proves to be practical. Meanwhile, it analyzes and designs the way of non-power need of electric network tre- nds and decreasing line loss combined with DA, which have been tested its objective economic benefit throu- gh counting example.Sixthly, not only do the dissertation design a way founded on the magrginal electric price fitted to our present national electric power market with regards to future trends of electric power market in China and fair trade under the government surveillance, that is group competitio n in short-term trade under the way of grouped price and quantity harmony, but also puts forward combination arithmetic, math model of trading plan and safty economical restriction. It can solve the original contradiction between medium and long term contract price and short term competitive price with improvement on competitive percentage and cut down the unfair income difference of electric factory, at the same time, it can optimize the electric limit for all electric factories and reduce the total purchase charge of electric power from burthen curve of whole electric market network.The distribution network is an important link among the power system. Its neutral grounding mode and operation connects security and stability of the power system directly. At the same time, the problem about neutral grounding is associated with national conditions, natural environment, device fabrication and operation. For example, the activity situation of the thunder and lightning, insulating structure and the peripheral interference will influence the choice of neutral groundingmode Conversely, neutral grounding mode affects design, operation, debugs and developing. Generally in the system higher in grade in the voltage, the insulating expenses account for more sizable proportion at the total price of the equipment. It is very remarkable to bring the economic benefits by reducing the insulating level. Usually such system adopt the neutral directly grounding and adopt the autoreclosing to guarantee power supply reliability. On the contrary, the system which is lower in the voltage adopts neutral none grounding to raise power supply reliability. So it is an important subject to make use of new- type earth device to apply to the distribution network under considering the situation in such factors of various fields as power supply reliability, safety factor, over-voltage factor, the choice of relay protection, investment cost, etc.The main work of this paper is to research and choice the neutral grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. The neutral grounding mode of the l0kV network mainly adopts none grounding, grounding by arc suppressing coil, grounding by reactance grounding and directly grounding. The best grounding mode is confirmed through the technology comparison. It can help the network run in safety and limit the earth electric arc by using auto-tracking compensate device and using the line protection with the detection of the sensitive small ground current. The paper introduces and analyzes the characteristic of all kind of grounding modes about l0kV network at first. With the comparison with technological and economy, the conclusion is drawn that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode shows a very big development potential.Then, this paper researches and introduces some operation characteristics of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. And then the paper put emphasis on how to extinguish the earth electric arc effectively by utilizing the resonance principle. This paper combines the development of domestic and international technology and innovative achievement, and introduces the computer earth protection and autotracking compensate device. It proves that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode have better operation characteristics in power supply reliability, personal security, security of equipment and interference of communication. The application of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode is also researched in this paper.Finally, the paper summarizes this topic research. As a result of the domination of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode, it should be more popularized and applied in the distribution network in the future.The way of thinking, project and conclusions in this thesis have effect on the research to choose the neutral grounding mode not only in I0kV distribution network but also in other power system..The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply withthe electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, all costumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but don't consider that it's self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable. To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network con- struction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic, between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off. The thesis analyses on the economic and the reliable of the various line modes, according to the characteristics various line modes existed in the electric distribution net in foshan..First, the thesis introduces as the different line modes in the l0kV electric distribution net and in some foreign countries. Making it clear tow to conduct analyzing on the line mode of the electric distribution net, and telling us how important and necessary that analyses are.Second, it turns to the necessity of calculating the number of optimization subsection, elaborating how it influences on the economy and reliability. Then by building up the calculation mode of the number of optimization subsection it introduces different power supply projects on the different line modes in brief. Third, it carries on the calculation and analyses towards the reliability and economy of the different line modes of electric distribution net, describing drafts according by the calculation. Then it makes analysis and discussion on the number of optimization subsection.At last, the article make conclusion on the economy and reliability of different line modes, as well as, its application situation. Accordion to the actual circumstance, the thesis puts forward the beneficial suggestion on the programming and construction of the l0kV electric distribution net in all areas in foshan. Providing the basic theories and beneficial guideline for the programming design of the lOkV electric distribution net and building up a solid net, reasonable layout, qualified safe and efficiently-worked electric distribution net.References[1] Wencheng Su. Factories power supply [M]. Machinery Industry Publishing House. 1999.9[2] Jiecai Liu. Factories power supply design guidance [M]. Machinery Industry Publishing House.1999.12[3] Power supply and distribution system design specifications[S].China plans Press. 1996[4] Low-voltage distribution design specifications [S].China plans Press.1996.6译文:小区配电设计摘要：电力系统的基本功能是向用户输送电能。

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：学号：外文出处： Mechanism and Machine Theory34 (1999) 857-876(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文动力传动圆锥渐开线齿轮的设计、制造和应用Dr. J. Börner,K. Humm,Dr. F. Joachim,Dr. H. akaria,ZF Friedrichshafen AG , 88038Friedrichshafen, Germany；[摘要]圆锥渐开线齿轮(斜面体齿轮)被用于交叉或倾斜轴变速器和平行轴自由侧隙变速器中。

圆锥齿轮是在齿宽横断面上具有不同齿顶高修正(齿厚)的直齿或斜齿圆柱齿轮。

这类齿轮的几何形状是已知的，但应用在动力传动上则多少是个例外。

ZF公司已将该斜面体齿轮装置应用于各种场合:4W D轿车传动装置、船用变速器(主要用于快艇)机器人齿轮箱和工业传动等领域。

斜面体齿轮的模数在0. 7 mm-8 mm之间，交叉传动角在0°- 25°。

之间。

这些边界条件需要对斜面体齿轮的设计、制造和质量有一个深入的理解。

在锥齿轮传动中为获得高承载能力和低噪声所必须进行的齿侧修形可采用范成法磨削工艺制造。

为降低制造成本，机床设定和由于磨削加工造成的齿侧偏差可在设计阶段利用仿真制造进行计算。

本文从总体上介绍了动力传动变速器斜面体齿轮的研发，包括:基本几何形状、宏观及微观几何形状的设计、仿真、制造、齿轮测量和试验。

1前言在变速器中如果各轴轴线不平行的话，转矩传递可采用多种设计，例如:伞齿轮或冠齿轮、万向节轴或圆锥渐开线齿轮(斜面体齿轮)。

圆锥渐开线齿轮特别适用于小轴线角度(小于15°)，该齿轮的优点是在制造、结构特点和输入多样性等方而的简易。

圆锥渐开线齿轮被用于直角或交叉轴传动的变速器或被用于平行轴自由侧隙工况的变速器。

本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译基本规范一、要求1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。

2、两篇文献。

二、基本格式1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。

2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。

3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。

4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去(见原文)。

（空一行，字体同正文）5、原文中出现的专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。

二、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译（一）毕业论文（设计）外文翻译的内容要求外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。

译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。

原文出处：期刊类文献书写方法：[序号]作者（不超过3人，多者用等或et al表示）.题（篇）名[J].刊名（版本）,出版年，卷次（期次）：起止页次.原文出处：图书类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.书名[M].版本.出版地：出版者,出版年.起止页次.原文出处：论文集类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.篇名[A].编著者.论文集名[C]. 出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页次。

要求有外文原文复印件。

（二）毕业论文（设计）外文翻译的撰写与装订的格式规范第一部分：封面1.封面格式:见“毕业论文（设计）外文翻译封面”。

普通A4纸打印即可。

第二部分：外文翻译主题1.标题一级标题，三号字，宋体，顶格，加粗二级标题，四号字，宋体，顶格，加粗三级标题，小四号字，宋体，顶格，加粗2.正文小四号字，宋体。

第三部分：版面要求论文开本大小：210mm×297mm（A4纸）版芯要求：左边距：25mm，右边距：25mm，上边距：30mm，下边距：25mm，页眉边距：23mm，页脚边距：18mm字符间距：标准行距：1.25倍页眉页角：页眉的奇数页书写—浙江师范大学学士学位论文外文翻译。

中文3925字毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目：基于单片机的油浸式变压器温度监测系统的设计学生姓名：学号：专业：通信工程所在学院：指导教师：职称：2010年12月28日Design of Temperature Monitoring Systemfor Oil-immersed Power Ransformers Based on MCUSuxiang Qian Hongsheng HuDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical, University of Zhejiang Province, ChinaE-mail:jjqsx@Abstract:¨C With the expansion of electric capacity and large-scale extension of power grid, electric equipment is playing a significant role in modern life. At present, the technology of condition monitoring and fault diagnosing of power transformer has been made some improvement, yet its real-time performance and reliability still can't meet the requirement of safe production. Due to different thermal effects led by the natural or factitious fault, its temperature of oil-immersed power transformers is easy to change abnormally. An on-line measuring and controlling system based on MCU is discussed in this paper. In order to satisfy the requirement of state monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformer on real-time and reliability, a kind of intelligent on-line monitoring instrument is designed. Each of its part is explained in this paper, including temperature signal collecting and data processing system. The simulation result showed the designed system was good in its real-time, reliability and running cost. Therefore, the designed state monitoring system for temperature and fault diagnosis of power transformer can be widely used in engineering and is expected to bring a bright future. Key words ¨C Oil-immersed Power Transformer, Temperature, Data processing, MCUI. INTRODUCTIONsituation. There are several methods to measure the hotspot temperature. A simple method is that the With the continuous development of economy, the temperature sensor can be used to convert temperature power industry in our country has entered into a new signal into the electric signal and then the sampling data stage of development. Power transformer has been one of can be collected by theinstrument. In this paper, a the most important equipments in electric power system. real-time temperature monitoring system for And its safety running plays a great important role in oil-immersed power transformers is designed. The order to ensure the electric power system's reliability. At designed monitoring system can effectively monitor present, the o il gas value and the signal of local discharge some key area's temperature variation: such as the box are often selected as the monitoring objects in the body, the transformer winding, the iron core, and so on, monitoring system of power transformer. The and it plays a significant role in supervisory control to the characteristic gases dissolved in oil can be monitored in operation situation of transformers. real time, which can help monitoring power transformer's running station. But, it cannot satisfyinspection's requirement of power transformer. Besides, the signal of local discharge can be used to judge some A. Overall plan of the developed system fault's location, yet its real-time performance is weak.Based on the temperature field information of power transformers, this research supported by NSFC explores a new condition monitoring and fault diagnosis way for it. An on-line temperature monitoring system of oil-immersed power transformers based on MCU is designed in this paper. Its variation of temperature in power transformer often keeps a fixed orderliness when it is running normally. In most situations, its variation of temperature in power transformer has a close relationship with different fault types.The interior fault patterns of oil-immersed transformer are referring to mechanism, heating and electricity, and mainly the latter two. The machinery malfunction often is presented in the form of thermal or electricity. According to the investigation result presented in the table 1, the malfunction ways for the running oil-immersed transformers include mainly the overheating malfunction and discharging malfunction of high energy.The temperature rising will occur in some locations when overheat malfunction or high energy discharging malfunction occurs. Furthermore, an obviou emperature rising will occur for some power transformers before the malfunction are formed. Oncondition that the real-time monitoring to the correct areas can be realized, apreventive maintenance would alter the present maintenance and inspection mode, an d be able to reduce the Maintenance Cost. Therefore, it is very important to keep the power transformers in the best situation. There are several methods to measure the hotspot temperature. A simple method is that the temperature sensor can be used to convert temperature signal into the electric signal and then the sampling data can be collected by the instrument. In this paper, a real-time temperature monitoring system for oil-immersed power transformers is designed. The designed monitoring system can effectively monitor some key area's temperature variation: such as the box body, the transformer winding, the iron core, and so on and it plays a significant role in supervisory control to the operation situation of transformers.II. HARDWARE DESIGNA. Overall plan of the developed systemIts function of the designed hardware mainly includes two parts: data collecting and transferring Besides, the controlling circuit can be further expandedin order to control some protectors by using the relay switch. The designed principles are explained as follows: the monitored physical quantities must be firstly sampled by the temperature sensor (PT100, electric thermo-couple, optical fiber sensor etc) and converted into the voltage signal, then the sampled voltage signals can be adjusted by regulative signal circuit to the standard signal's range, and are converted into digital signal, after general line transmission to MCU for storage and processing, simulation/digital converting rate can be controlled by MCU. The takeover data queen may exist temporarily in the extended RAM, or transfer to the computer by USB. At the same time, MCU connect keyboard and LCD for the purpose of man-machine exchange [2]. The systematic block diagram of hardware system is showed in Fig.1.1) Chips Selection:A/D module selection--MAX125In order to avoid additional phase difference in the process of the data collecting, the synchronism collecting technology must be guaranteed for different signals. A synchronize data sampling chip MAX125 the MAXIM company produces is selected and used in the designed circuit. MAX125 is 2¡Á4 channel, high-speed and 14 digit data collect chip [3]. USB interfaces chipchoose --PDIUSBD12 PDIUSBD12 hereinafter referred to"D12" , supporting multiplexing, non-multiplexing and DMA transfer, is one kind of parallel interface chip designed by Philips company .It fully conforms to the USB specification Rev.1.1(basic speed). It is also designed to be compliant with different types of transmission. The data collecting parts block diagrams of hardware system see Fig.2.B. Design of the Signal Conditioning CircuitThe Signal Conditioning Circuit is composed of sensor, signal amplification and attenuation circuit, isolation circuit, wave filtering circuit, sample holding circuit, etc. Due to MAX125 AD chip with multiplexer and Sample-Hold Circuit itself, Signal Conditioning Circuit is made up with thermocouple, isolating amplifier circuit and anti-aliasing filter. The thermocouple produced by Anhui Tiankang incorporated company, Model for the WRC, Indexing for T, is a special one for power station application. Its outputting voltage range is ¡À5V and its measuring temp ranges from 50 to 200 . The AD204 is a general-purpose used industry standard isolationFig.1 Block Diagram of hardwarecircuit system Fig.2 Cireuit block diagram of data acquisition Fig.3 Schematic diagram of isclationampliication cireuit Fig.4 Resisting alissing filteramplifier, with two-port, transformer-coupled isolation. Besides, it can offer a completely isolation function, including signal and power isolation, yet its pack age is easily compated. Figure 3 is its principle of the designed isolated enlarge circuit. In the actual running scene, the circuit must draw near the signal source in order to avoid the signal affected by ambient noise and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio.Wave filtering circuit adopt resist aliasing filter, the circuit designed is shows as Figure 4. Due to the conditionality of choosing capacitance, the numerical value of capacitance is taken into account firstly. The filter designing software FilterLab of Microchip corp [6] is used in this paper. Using the software, the scope frequency response and phase frequency response can be expediently found, and the design parameter can be easily adjusted.C. Design of data collectingIn order to construct an 8-channel-synchronism A/D convert, there are two pieces of MAX125 in the designed data collecting circuit. The low 8 output digital from MAX125 through AD0 ~ AD7 are respectively jo ined with P0.0 ~ P0.7 of W77E58. And high six figures amount A8 ~ A13 is respectively linked with P2.0 ~ P2.5 of W77E58. ALE pin of W77E58 holds CLK of MAX125, and P3.3 pin, P3.6 pin and P3.7 pin perform a control function on MAX125 component.Fig.5 MCU control cireuitFig.6 USB interfaces cireuitD.Design of MCU control circuitThe control system based on MCU is shown as Fig.6. Because the USB agreement frame is comparatively big, W77E58 chip with 32 KB Flash EPROM is selected as MCU. W77E58 is that one is 8 bit, especially speedy and much better performance CPU. What's more, it is able to pay a visit to low speed or fleetness outside RAM. Compared with other processing chips such as 8052 processor, W77E58 can work with higher speed even if under the same clock frequency and work under low clock frequency. Its power sourceconsumption is greatly reduced under the same instruction handling capacity since the entire static state CMOS design is adopted. There are four I/O ports with 8 bit and an additional 4 I/O port in W77E58.These characteristics W77E58 possess can make it work better, such as directly transferring data with MAX125 using different speed, delivering data between the computer and MCU based on USB using high speed, etc. And it isvery useful to expand the outside memory for system using other I/O ports.There are two connection types between W77E58 and D12, including independent address data bus mode and multiplex address data bus mode. The analogue signal can be converted into digital signal by A/D sampling circuit, and then the converted digital signal be transferred to PC by USB interface transference. E. USB interface circuit desigt USB interface circuit is shown as Fig.5. When the peripheral equipments are connected with concentrator by D12, concentrator can check the connection state of peripheral equipment and report it to the host computer. Once the equipment connection information is found, thehost computer is asked to send a series of request to concentrator, and then a communicating channel between host computer and equipment would be established by concentrator. Further, the host computerbegins to list equipments, and sets up the peripheral equipments after they are successfully listed and the correlative allocation information is acquired by the host computer.The peripheral equipment recognized by host computer can be arranged to communicate with it.III. SOFTWARE DESIGNA. Data collecting programmingAccording to the controlling time sequence of MAX125, the flow of data collecting task is shown as Fig.7.B. USB drive design1) Firmware programming:There are generally three parts between USB and MCU firmware:(a) Initialize MCU and all periphery circuit (include PDIUSBD12);(b) Main cycle part: this part is to be interrupted;(c) Interrupt serv ice routine, can carry out immediately. The communication between MCU and PDIUSBD12 is mainly referenced to send orders and data to PDIUSBD12 by MCU. There are three kinds of order characters for PDIUSBD12,including theinitialization order character, the data stream order character and the universal order character. PDIUSBD12 has shown the various imperative code and address. TheMCU firstly sends orders into th e order address of PDIUSBD12, resend or read different data according to different imperative call. Therefore, it is convenience to convert per kind order into function and use function to finish each order by directly calling these functions.2) Drive programming:Although, there are many standard interface functions provided in the system, driver programming is still one of the most difficult tasks for USB exploitation. Windows DDK is often adopted to realize drive programming. At present, third party software firms have provided a lot of generating tools for drive programming, such as driver works of Compuware, Driver Wizard waits of Blue Waters. These tools are able to produce a high quality USB driving program within several minutes. When checking USB equipment, UsbView program can be used to detect equipment whether or not to be enumerated and allocated by Windows. If successful, the device description, allocation description and endpoint description may be check whether or not correctly. And a generally-purpose program can be made by Driver Wizard. Once Windows are also exploited and debugged with the debugging USB device sends clues to install the driving program, the driving program produced by Driver Wizard would be selected.In fact, it is only an application program produced byDriver Wizard for Windows controlling table. It is able to call the universal USB drive program installed in system when assembling Driver Wizard for a specific task. Its working condition of devices, including transferring data whether or not correctly and controlling the transmission speed, can be measured by the drive program. If it cannot meet the application demands, a new drive program can be write down. Besides, the software for host computer.IV. APPLICATION RESEARCH OF TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR POWER TRANSFORMERSBecause of the limit of testing condition, the designed temperature monitoringsystem for transformers has no way to be checked under normal working conditions for transformer. Yet, a suit of temperature rising simulation experiment platform for transformer is designed and developed for this research purpose. In the experiment, transformer oil is storied in the inner of the actual transformer box body, a heater was used to simulate winding's temperature rising variation, and electric thermo-couple is used to measure winding's temperature rising value. Besides, PT100 measures different location's temperature rising value, the infrared thermometer measures the temperature rising of box body, and the mercurial thermometer measures th e top oil temperature. The output wires of sensor are connected with the monitoring system, and the data can be shown on PC screen in the real time. The line connection and the experiment result are respectively showed as Fig.8 and Fig.9.In the experiment, the thermometer, infrared thermometer, electric thermo-couple and thermal resistance are all adopted, compared and verified. For example, a thermometer was made use of to test the top oil temperature, and electric thermo-couple for the winding temperature rising, and thermal resistance and infrared radiation thermometer for the oil temperature at different locations. It can be seen from Fig.8 and Fig.9 that the highest temperature is always on the "winding", the temperature of mild transformer oil and box body reflects grad change and has a step-by-step rise, and the temperature change of transformer bottom oil is comparatively slow. The experiment result is basically agreed with the simulation calculation value in ANSYS. According to the experimental results, there are some characters for the designed temperature monitoringsystem of power transformers:(a) Real-time acquisition, real time transferring by USB bus. It can also transfer the data to PC by USB after data collecting;(b) There are a keyboard to control its workingand LCD to display data. Besides, it can work under the condition of isolated from the PC;(c) The parallel collecting mode can be set and adopted randomly for 1~ 8 channel;(d) Increasing the different circuits to provide the various interfaces linking for the various different type of sensor. (e.g. PT100, electric thermo-couple, the optical fiber temperature sensor and so on);(e) Measuring range: -50 ~ + 200 ;(f) Working in oil for a long period of time.V. CONCLUSIONSIn this paper, its mechanism of the temperature monitoring technology for transformers is introduced firstly. Classification and analysis of different types of malfunction for transformers is processed. The hardware circuit of monitoring system has been explored, including regulative signal circuit, wave filtering circuit, data collecting circuit, MCU controlling circuit, USB interface circuit, etc. Besides, the software flow of data collecting and the USB driver program are also exploited. The designed monitoring system has been applied into the temperature rising simulation experiment for power transformers. And the experiment result is basically agreed with the numerical simulation results using ANSYS software.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe research work is supported by the national natural science foundation of China (50575095).REFERENCES:[1] Sun Caixin. On-line Gas in oil monitoring and fault diagnosistechnology of electric equipment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2003, 58 66[2] MAXIM corp. MAXIM product data corpora [CD]. 2004[3] Zhou Ligong. PDIUSBD12 USB firmware programming anddriver design [M]. Beiing: Beijing university of aviation andspaceflight press, 2003, 11 112[4] AD2O2 204, Databook, Analog Devices [CD]. 2001[5] A filter primer, Maxim Application Notes [CD]. 2001[6] Wright.Nick, Judd.Bob. Using USB as a data acquisition interface[J]. Evaluation Engineering, v43, n6, 2004. 6, 20 26[7] Wang Zhiqiang, Sun Shuying, Sun Shiyu. Research of development technology of USB apparatus drivers [J]. Control & Automation, 2005.9, 23 27基于单片机的油浸式变压器温度监测系统的设计钱苏香，胡宏升（中国，大学浙江省嘉兴市，机电系）电子邮箱：jjqsx@摘要-针对变压器检测系统在实时性，可靠性方面的要求以及油浸式变压器发生故障时会产生不同的热效应，从而产生相应位置的异常温升的问题，讨论了基于嵌入式技术的大型变压器温度检测和故障诊断系统，详细的介绍了基于单片机控制的油浸式变压器温度采集电路的硬件电路设计。