Efimov effect in nuclear three-body resonance decays

  • 格式:pdf
  • 大小:152.58 KB
  • 文档页数:4

a

r

X

i

v

:

nucl-th/0603023v1 8 Mar 2006Efimoveffectinnuclearthree-bodyresonancedecays

E.Garrido

InstitutodeEstructuradelaMateria,CSIC,Serrano123,E-28006Madrid,Spain

D.V.FedorovandA.S.Jensen

DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofAarhus,DK-8000AarhusC,Denmark

WeinvestigatetheeffectsofthenearlyfulfilledEfimovconditionsonthepropertiesofthree-bodyresonances.Usingthehyper-sphericadiabaticexpansionmethodwecomputeenergydistributionsoffragmentsinathree-bodydecayofanuclearresonance.Asarealisticexampleweinvestigatethe1−stateinthehalonucleus11Liwithinathree-body9Li+n+nmodel.Characteristicfeaturesappearassharppeaksintheenergydistributions.Theirorigin,asintheEfimoveffect,isinthelargetwo-bodys-wavescatteringlengthsbetweenthepairsoffragments.

PACSnumbers:21.45.+v,31.15.Ja,25.70.Ef

Introduction.TheEfimoveffectwasintroducedmore

thanthirtyyearsagoasananomalyinathree-bodysys-

temarisingwhenatleasttwoofthethreetwo-bodys-

wavescatteringlengthsapproachinfinity[1].Thenanin-

creasingnumberofthree-bodyboundstatesappearclose

tothetwo-bodythresholdeveniftherearenotwo-body

boundstates.TheeffectisprohibitedbytheCoulomb

potentialwhileonlydiminishedbyhigherangularmo-

mentum[2].Althoughentirelypossibleinmolecules[3]

theeffectisunlikelytoappearinnucleiduetounfavor-

ablemassratio[4,5].

Stillthereexistsanumberofnuclearsystems,called

halos[3],whicharenaturalthree-bodysystems–acore

plustwoneutrons–wheretheEfimovconditionofat

leasttwolargescatteringlengthsisnearlyfulfilled.Al-

thoughtheunfortunatecombinationoftheheavycore

andlightneutronsprohibitstheappearanceofbound

Efimovstatesinthediscretespectrum,theystillmay

appearaspeculiarstructuresinthecontinuum.Very

little,however,isknowntheoreticallyabouttheEfimov

statesinthecontinuum.

Experimentally,ontheotherhand,thenumberofac-

curateandkinematicallycompleteexperimentsforthree-

bodydecaysofnuclearresonancesisrapidlyincreasing

[6,7].Alsothree-bodydecaysofexcitedstatesofsmall

moleculesarepresentlyexperimentallyinvestigatedin

details[8].Themeasuredobservablesarethewidthand,

particularlypromising,theenergydistributionsofthe

threefragmentsafterthedecay[9].Althoughanum-

beroftheoreticalstudiesinvolvecalculationsofthree-

bodycontinuumproperties[10,11,12],calculationsof

energydistributionsforresonancesunderEfimovcondi-

tionshavenotbeendonebefore.Incontrasttobound

states,investigationsofthefingerprintsoftheEfimovef-

fectonthedecaysofthree-bodyresonancesaresofar

lacking.

Inthisletterwereportonaninvestigationofnuclear

three-bodyresonancesunderthenearlyfulfilledEfimov

conditions.Inparticularwecalculatetheenergydistri-

butionsofthedecayfragmentsofanuclearresonance

andtracetheoriginofthecharacteristicpeaksinthesedistributions.

Calculationofenergydistributions.Weassumethat

threeparticlesemergeafterdecayofapreformedres-

onancestate.Atlargedistancewethenstrictlyhavea

three-bodyproblem.Thisisnotnecessarilytrueatsmall

distancewherethethree-bodyclusterassumptionmay

beinappropriate.Weshallextendtheconceptfromtwo-

bodynuclearα-decay.Theretheouterpartofthepo-

tentialbetweenthedaughternucleusandtheα-particle

isknownandtheinnerpartisadjustedtogivethecor-

rectresonanceenergy.Thistreatmentaccountsforthe

majorvariationsofα-decaywidths.Thefine-tuningis

obtainedbyusingthepreformationfactordescribingthe

probabilityforfindinganα-particleattheinnerturning

pointofthetwo-bodypotential.Fortwo-bodydecays

thewidthisdeterminedbytheouterpartofthewave-

function,whilethefragmentenergyisfixedfromenergy

conservation.Itisanticipatedandintuitivelyplausible

thatforthree-bodydecaysboththewidthandthefrag-

mentenergydistributionsaredeterminedbythelarge

distancebehaviorofthewave-function.

Thenotionoflargedistanceisnotaprioriobviousfor

threeparticleswhereeitherallthreeoronlytwointer-

particledistancescanbelarge.Weshallspecifydistances

bythevalueofthehyper-radiusρ,

mρ2=3󰀄

i=1mir2i,(1)

wheremiisthemassandrithec.m.coordinateofthe

particlenumberi,andmisanarbitrarymassscale.The

otherfivehyper-sphericcoordinatesaredimensionlessan-

gles,Ω,whichdeterminethedirectionsandrelativeval-

uesofthecoordinatesoftheconstituents[2].

Withinthehyper-sphericadiabaticmethodonedistin-

guishesthefast,Ω,andslow,ρ,coordinates.Then,for

everyfixedslowcoordinateρtheeigen-valueproblemis

solvedforthefastangularcoordinatesΩ

H(ρ)Φn(ρ,Ω)=Wn(ρ)Φn(ρ,Ω),(2)

whereH(ρ)isistheHamiltonianofthethreebodysys-

temwithfixedρ,Wn(ρ)aretheangulareigen-values,and