Efimov effect in nuclear three-body resonance decays
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nucl-th/0603023v1 8 Mar 2006Efimoveffectinnuclearthree-bodyresonancedecays
E.Garrido
InstitutodeEstructuradelaMateria,CSIC,Serrano123,E-28006Madrid,Spain
D.V.FedorovandA.S.Jensen
DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,UniversityofAarhus,DK-8000AarhusC,Denmark
WeinvestigatetheeffectsofthenearlyfulfilledEfimovconditionsonthepropertiesofthree-bodyresonances.Usingthehyper-sphericadiabaticexpansionmethodwecomputeenergydistributionsoffragmentsinathree-bodydecayofanuclearresonance.Asarealisticexampleweinvestigatethe1−stateinthehalonucleus11Liwithinathree-body9Li+n+nmodel.Characteristicfeaturesappearassharppeaksintheenergydistributions.Theirorigin,asintheEfimoveffect,isinthelargetwo-bodys-wavescatteringlengthsbetweenthepairsoffragments.
PACSnumbers:21.45.+v,31.15.Ja,25.70.Ef
Introduction.TheEfimoveffectwasintroducedmore
thanthirtyyearsagoasananomalyinathree-bodysys-
temarisingwhenatleasttwoofthethreetwo-bodys-
wavescatteringlengthsapproachinfinity[1].Thenanin-
creasingnumberofthree-bodyboundstatesappearclose
tothetwo-bodythresholdeveniftherearenotwo-body
boundstates.TheeffectisprohibitedbytheCoulomb
potentialwhileonlydiminishedbyhigherangularmo-
mentum[2].Althoughentirelypossibleinmolecules[3]
theeffectisunlikelytoappearinnucleiduetounfavor-
ablemassratio[4,5].
Stillthereexistsanumberofnuclearsystems,called
halos[3],whicharenaturalthree-bodysystems–acore
plustwoneutrons–wheretheEfimovconditionofat
leasttwolargescatteringlengthsisnearlyfulfilled.Al-
thoughtheunfortunatecombinationoftheheavycore
andlightneutronsprohibitstheappearanceofbound
Efimovstatesinthediscretespectrum,theystillmay
appearaspeculiarstructuresinthecontinuum.Very
little,however,isknowntheoreticallyabouttheEfimov
statesinthecontinuum.
Experimentally,ontheotherhand,thenumberofac-
curateandkinematicallycompleteexperimentsforthree-
bodydecaysofnuclearresonancesisrapidlyincreasing
[6,7].Alsothree-bodydecaysofexcitedstatesofsmall
moleculesarepresentlyexperimentallyinvestigatedin
details[8].Themeasuredobservablesarethewidthand,
particularlypromising,theenergydistributionsofthe
threefragmentsafterthedecay[9].Althoughanum-
beroftheoreticalstudiesinvolvecalculationsofthree-
bodycontinuumproperties[10,11,12],calculationsof
energydistributionsforresonancesunderEfimovcondi-
tionshavenotbeendonebefore.Incontrasttobound
states,investigationsofthefingerprintsoftheEfimovef-
fectonthedecaysofthree-bodyresonancesaresofar
lacking.
Inthisletterwereportonaninvestigationofnuclear
three-bodyresonancesunderthenearlyfulfilledEfimov
conditions.Inparticularwecalculatetheenergydistri-
butionsofthedecayfragmentsofanuclearresonance
andtracetheoriginofthecharacteristicpeaksinthesedistributions.
Calculationofenergydistributions.Weassumethat
threeparticlesemergeafterdecayofapreformedres-
onancestate.Atlargedistancewethenstrictlyhavea
three-bodyproblem.Thisisnotnecessarilytrueatsmall
distancewherethethree-bodyclusterassumptionmay
beinappropriate.Weshallextendtheconceptfromtwo-
bodynuclearα-decay.Theretheouterpartofthepo-
tentialbetweenthedaughternucleusandtheα-particle
isknownandtheinnerpartisadjustedtogivethecor-
rectresonanceenergy.Thistreatmentaccountsforthe
majorvariationsofα-decaywidths.Thefine-tuningis
obtainedbyusingthepreformationfactordescribingthe
probabilityforfindinganα-particleattheinnerturning
pointofthetwo-bodypotential.Fortwo-bodydecays
thewidthisdeterminedbytheouterpartofthewave-
function,whilethefragmentenergyisfixedfromenergy
conservation.Itisanticipatedandintuitivelyplausible
thatforthree-bodydecaysboththewidthandthefrag-
mentenergydistributionsaredeterminedbythelarge
distancebehaviorofthewave-function.
Thenotionoflargedistanceisnotaprioriobviousfor
threeparticleswhereeitherallthreeoronlytwointer-
particledistancescanbelarge.Weshallspecifydistances
bythevalueofthehyper-radiusρ,
mρ2=3
i=1mir2i,(1)
wheremiisthemassandrithec.m.coordinateofthe
particlenumberi,andmisanarbitrarymassscale.The
otherfivehyper-sphericcoordinatesaredimensionlessan-
gles,Ω,whichdeterminethedirectionsandrelativeval-
uesofthecoordinatesoftheconstituents[2].
Withinthehyper-sphericadiabaticmethodonedistin-
guishesthefast,Ω,andslow,ρ,coordinates.Then,for
everyfixedslowcoordinateρtheeigen-valueproblemis
solvedforthefastangularcoordinatesΩ
H(ρ)Φn(ρ,Ω)=Wn(ρ)Φn(ρ,Ω),(2)
whereH(ρ)isistheHamiltonianofthethreebodysys-
temwithfixedρ,Wn(ρ)aretheangulareigen-values,and