当前位置:文档之家› 考研英语真题及答案解析(2008年卷二)

考研英语真题及答案解析(2008年卷二)

考研英语真题及答案解析(2008年卷二)
考研英语真题及答案解析(2008年卷二)

考研资料2008年全国研究生入学考试(二)及参考答案

(精校版)

英语

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is1to say it anyway.He is that2bird,a scientist who works independently3any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not4thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

5he,however,might tremble at the6of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which7that one group

is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in 大8家are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test,大9家12-15points above the大10家value of 100,and have contributed11to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 12of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13.They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14,have previously been thought unrelated.The former has been15to social effects,such as a strong tradition of16education.The latter was seen as a(an)17

of genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has19them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this20state of affairs.

1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased

2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare

3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against

4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately

5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence

6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk

7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects

8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question

9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating

10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total

11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately

[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably

12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers

13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve

14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile

15.[A]given up[B]got over[C]carried on[D]put down

16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing

17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument

18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined

19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed

20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)

Text1

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life,women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,”according to Dr.Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response,causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.In several of the studies,when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed,their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals,are her increased“opportunities”for stress.“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well.It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,”says Dr.Yehuda.“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,”she observes,“it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

Dr.Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.“I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,by,unfortunately, parents or other family members,and they tend not to be one-shot deals.The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

Adeline Alvarez married at18and gave birth to a son,but was determined to finish college.“I struggled a lot to get the college degree.I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school,and get ahead and do better.”Later,her marriage ended and she became a single mother.“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager,have a job,pay the rent,pay the car payment, and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations,with few breaks,and feeling the strain.Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A]Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B]Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C]Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D]Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

22.Dr.Yehuda’s research suggests that women

[A]need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

[B]have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C]are more capable of avoiding stress.

[D]are exposed to more stress.

23.According to Paragraph4,the stress women confront tends to be

[A]domestic and temporary.

[B]irregular and violent.

[C]durable and frequent.

[D]trivial and random.

24.The sentence“I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)shows that

[A]Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B]Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

[C]Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D]Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A]Strain of Stress:No Way Out?

[B]Responses to Stress:Gender Difference

[C]Stress Analysis:What Chemicals Say

[D]Gender Inequality:Women Under Stress

Text2

It used to be so straightforward.A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.A journal editor would then remove the authors’names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.Depending on the comments received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

No longer.The Internet–and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it–is making access to scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part, upon wide distribution and ready access.It is big business.In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between$7billion and$11billion.The International Association of Scientific,

Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than2,000publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.They publish more than1.2million articles each year in some16,000 journals.

This is now changing.According to the OECD report,some75%of scholarly journals are now online.Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the report’s authors.There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published.Finally,there are open-access archives,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access,where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.

26.In the first paragraph,the author discusses

[A]the background information of journal editing.

[B]the publication routine of laboratory reports.

[C]the relations of authors with journal publishers.

[D]the traditional process of journal publication.

27.Which of the following is true of the OECD report?

[A]It criticizes government-funded research.

[B]It introduces an effective means of publication.

[C]It upsets profit-making journal publishers.

[D]It benefits scientific research considerably.

28.According to the text,online publication is significant in that

[A]it provides an easier access to scientific results.

[B]it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.

[C]it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.

[D]it facilitates public investment in scientific research.

29.With the open-access publishing model,the author of a paper is required to

[A]cover the cost of its publication.

[B]subscribe to the journal publishing it.

[C]allow other online journals to use it freely.

[D]complete the peer-review before submission.

30.Which of the following best summarizes the text?

[A]The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.

[B]A new mode of publication is emerging.

[C]Authors welcome the new channel for publication.

[D]Publication is rendered easier by online service.

Text3

In the early1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.

The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than140years ago,today’s people–especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations–apparently reached their limit in the early1960s.And they aren’t likely to get any taller.“In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.In the case of NBA players,their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of20,demands calories and nutrients–notably, protein–to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the20th century,under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every20years,a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height–5′9″for men,5′4″for women–hasn’t really changed since1960.

Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.

Genetic maximums can change,but don’t expect this to happen soon.Claire C.Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensures that90percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large,“you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”

31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to

[A]illustrate the change of height of NBA players.

[B]show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..

[C]compare different generations of NBA players.

[D]assess the achievements of famous NBA players.

32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?

[A]Genetic modification.

[B]Natural environment.

[C]Living standards.

[D]Daily exercise.

33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?

[A]Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.

[B]Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.

[C]Americans are the tallest on average in the world.

[D]Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.

34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future

[A]the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.

[B]the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.

[C]genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.

[D]the existing data of human height will still be applicable.

35.The text intends to tell us that

[A]the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.

[B]human height is becoming even more predictable.

[C]Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.

[D]the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.

Text4

In1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52, was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw–having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.

That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in1998,which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.And only over the past30years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.More significantly,they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong–and yet most did little to fight it.

More than anything,the historians say,the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery,they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.

For one thing,the South could not afford to part with its slaves.Owning slaves was“like having a large bank account,”says Wiencek,author of An Imperfect God:George Washington,His Slaves, and the Creation of America.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the“peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of1800by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.Once in office,Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in1803;the new land was carved into13states,including three slave states.

Still,Jefferson freed Hemings’s children–though not Hemings herself or his approximately150 other slaves.Washington,who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.Only a decade earlier,such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.

36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to

[A]show the primitive medical practice in the past.

[B]demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.

[C]stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history.

[D]reveal some unknown aspect of his life.

37.We may infer from the second paragraph that

[A]DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.

[B]in its early days the U.S.was confronted with delicate situations.

[C]historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.

[D]political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S.history.

38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?

[A]His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.

[B]His status as a father made him free the child slaves.

[C]His attitude towards slavery was complex.

[D]His affair with a slave stained his prestige.

39.Which of the following is true according to the text?

[A]Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.

[B]Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.

[C]Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.

[D]Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his

[A]moral considerations.

[B]military experience.

[C]financial conditions.

[D]political stand.

Part B

Directions:

In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41—45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) The time for sharpening pencils,arranging your desk,and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended.The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit,stand up,or lie down to write.(41)是大家网原创出品

Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next,but do not permit it to railroad you.If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.

(42)是大家网原创出品Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revise.Concentrate on what you are saying.Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.

(43)是大家网原创出品Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,and,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere,you will not lose any writing on the other side.

If you are working on a word processor,you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44)是大家网原创出品These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.

Once you have a first draft on paper,you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing.The student who wrote“The A&P as a State of Mind”wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.(45)是大家网原创出品

Remember that your initial draft is only that.You should go through the paper many times–and then again–working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper.Rewrite.The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.

[A]To make revising easier,leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can

easily add words,sentences,and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.

[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper,pay particular

attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.It’s probably best to write the introduction last,after you know precisely what you are introducing.Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.

[C]It’s worth remembering,however,that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific,

it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it.Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.

[D]It makes no difference how you write,just so you do.Now that you have developed a topic into

a tentative thesis,you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have

made.

[E]Although this is an interesting issue,it has nothing to do with the thesis,which explains how the

setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job.Instead of including that paragraph,she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A&P“policy”he enforces.

[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in“A&P,”the student brings

together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.

[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say,you will very likely

discover more than your notes originally suggested.Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write.Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)

In his autobiography,Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely,but(46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit,such as distinguished Huxley.(47)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.His memory,too,he described as extensive,but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.(48)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.This,he thought,could not be true,because the“Origin of Species”is one long argument from the beginning to the end,and has convinced many able men.No one,he submits,could have written it without possessing some

power of reasoning.He was willing to assert that“I have a fair share of invention,and of common sense or judgment,such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have,but not,I believe,in any higher degree.”(49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”

Writing in the last year of his life,he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years.Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure.Formerly,too,pictures had given him considerable, and music very great,delight.In1881,however,he said:“Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry.I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.”(50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.

Section III Writing

Part A

51.Directions:

You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob,your landlord there.Write him a letter to

1)make an apology,and

2)suggest a solution.

You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the https://www.doczj.com/doc/be5833109.html,e“Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10points)

Part B

52.Directions:

Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should

1)describe the drawing briefly,

2)explain its intended meaning,and then

3)give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)答案详解

Section I Use of English

一、文章总体分析

这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了个别民族群体智商高于人类平均水平。文章首段第一句话点明了中心论点。第二段则分析了产生这一现象的原因——进化的结果。第三段通过“进化”的纽带把高智商与遗传疾病联系起来,说明高智商的人更容易患上一些遗传疾病。

二、试题具体解析

1.

[A]selected挑选,选拔

[B]prepared准备,打算,愿意(做某事)

[C]obliged迫使,责成

[D]pleased高兴

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.236

【解析】该空的前后语境为“有些群体的人可能比其他群体更加聪明,这是人们一直不敢明说的假说之一。但是,不管怎么样,Gregory Cochran说出来”。显然,从语义上应该可以看出Gregory Cochran 表述这一观点是一种主动行为,从而排除A和C;而从第一句可以看出他所研究的这一课题也不应该是一个让人高兴的主题,故排除D。因此答案只有B。

2.

[A]unique独一无二的

[B]particular特殊的,独特的

[C]special特殊的,特别的

[D]rare罕见的,珍贵的

【答案】D

【考点】固定搭配

【难度系数】0.160

【解析】从文章内容看,显然该空填入的词应该是用来形容Cochran是一个什么样的人的。从上文我们可以看到,他总是做一些常人不敢做的事情,显然这个词既要表现他这类人很少,同时要表达出作者对Cochran正面评价,突出其优秀性,四个词中只有D能表达这种语义,故答案为D。

本题从另一个角度来说,a rare bird是一固定搭配,指一类人。其他三个词与bird搭配都不能指人,同样得出答案为D。

3.

[A]of

[B]with

[C]in

[D]against

【答案】A

【考点】介词搭配

【难度系数】0.106

【解析】independently只能与选项A介词of搭配,意思是“不依赖于,独立于”。原文句子意思是(他)工作独立于任何机构,故本题选A项。

4.

[A]subsequently后来,随后

[B]presently目前,不久

[C]previously先前,以前

[D]lately最近

【答案】C

【考点】逻辑搭配

【难度系数】0.513

【解析】空所在的语境为“他曾经帮助推动了这样一种观点:一些被认为不是由细菌引起的疾病实际上也是传染病,这个观点首次被提出的时候,引起了很大的争议”。由语境可以判断,在得到这一结论之前人们认为不是细菌引起的疾病就不会传染,因此答案应该为C。

5.

[A]Only只,仅仅,表示强调

[B]So表因果

[C]Even甚至,连,强调出乎意料

[D]Hence表因果

【答案】C

【考点】逻辑搭配

【难度系数】0.437

【解析】上文提到Cochran使一种观点广为人知,本句however表明这是对上文的转折,句意为:但是,他可能对他要做的事情感到震惊。从句意我们可以明显地得出,在这里填入的连词应该表示含义的递进,四个选项中,C能表达这一含义,故答案为C。

6.

[A](at the)thought(of)一想到

[B](at the)sight(of)一看到

[C](at the)cost(of)以……的代价

[D](at the)risk(of)冒……的风险

【答案】A

【考点】词汇搭配

【难度系数】0.326

【解析】空所在的句意为:但是,将要做的事情,甚至他自己都感到震惊。C和D显然不合语境,排除。而将要做的事情是发生在将来,也不可能看见,只能放在想象中,故答案为A。

7.

[A]advises建议

[B]suggests建议,提出,表明

[C]protests对……提出异议

[D]objects反对

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.563

【解析】空所在的句意为:他发表了一篇论文,论文不仅一群人比另一群人智商高,还解释了导致这种现象的过程。结合前文作者对这一观点的认可,可以排除C和D;A项的主语一般是人,而不是物,因此也不合适;因此答案为B。

8.

[A](in)progress在进行中

[B](in)fact事实上

[C](in)need在危难(急)中

[D](in)question正被讨论的,谈论中的

【答案】D

【考点】固定搭配

【难度系数】0.128

【解析】从该空所在句子结构看,in与所填入的词是用来修饰“the group”的,句子大意是,这个群体,是一个发源于中欧的特殊民族。从含义上看,A和C明显不合文意。而in fact是副词性的词组,放在be动词之后,排除掉B项。D代入文中,“正在讨论的这个群”,与前面提到这个观点还在争议中刚好吻合。故答案为D。

9.

[A]attaining获得,达到

[B]scoring得分

[C]reaching达到,实现

[D]calculating计算,核算

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.444

【解析】空前谈到的是文章前文提到的那个群体,空后显然是分数,而表示获得分数的动词只有B,故正确答案为B。

10.

[A]normal正常的

[B]common共同的

[C]mean平均的

[D]total总的

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.142

【解析】由9空的内容我们可以得出,这里应该是说明这个群体的得分应该高出普通人12-15分,能够表达普通人的得分当然只能用平均值,C符合此意,故为正确答案。

11.

[A]unconsciously无意识地,不知不觉地

[B]disproportionately不成比例地

[C]indefinitely不确定地,无期限地

[D]unaccountably无法解释地,不能说明地

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.176

【解析】该空所在句子大意是:这个群体对于西方的知识文化生活做出了贡献。前文以及后面提到的知名科学家我们可以判定出,这里应该强调的是这个群体对西方知识文化生活的重大贡献。四个选项中,只有B 项的意思能突出这群人做贡献非常大。故答案为B。

12.

[A]missions使命,任务

[B]fortunes财富,运气

[C]interests兴趣

[D]careers事业,职业

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.362

【解析】空所在的整个从句大意是:这个群体对于西方的知识文化生活做出了重大的贡献,正如他们精英的的那样,包括几名闻名世界的科学家……。从后面的分词短语可以明显看出,后面列举的科学家应该和空填的内容是同类的,而且科学家是空的内容具体说明,显然,科学家是一种职业,故答案为D。

13.

[A]affirm证实,确定

[B]witness目击,证明

[C]observe观察;遵守

[D]approve赞成;批准

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.174

【解析】空前面总体谈到他们给西方文化做出了重大贡献,后面又有具体事实的列举(他们中出现了很多闻名世界的科学家),显然,事实是为了论证中心的,由此,只有A能表达语义,故正确答案为A。

14.

[A]moreover表递进

[B]therefore表因果

[C]however表转折

[D]meanwhile表时间

【答案】C

【考点】逻辑搭配

【难度系数】0.710

【解析】空的前句指出,他们(那些具有比常人高智商的人群)经常比大多数人更多遭受一些基因疾病的痛苦。接着空所在的句子指出,这些事实(疾病和高智商)以前被认为是没有联系的。前面事实说明有联系,后句谈到没联系,这是一种转折关系,故答案为C。

15.

[A]given up(to)把……让给

[B]got over(to)把……说清楚,使明白

[C]carried on继续开展,坚持

[D]put down(to)归因于

【答案】D

【考点】词汇搭配

【难度系数】0.269

【解析】空所在的语境是:前者(高智商)被为社会影响。从句后的effect我们可以判断这是对前者产生原因的说明,四个选项,只有D项表达这种含义,故答案为D。

16.

[A]assessing评定,评价

[B]supervising监督,管理

[C]administering管理,执行

[D]valuing尊重,重视

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.344

【解析】空所在句子的内容显然是对前面谈到的社会效果的具体举例,由常识可以判断高智商应该归功于对教育的重视,四个选项中,只有D能表达这一含义,故正确答案为D。

17.

[A]development发展

[B]origin起源,起因

[C]consequence结果

[D]instrument工具,手段

【答案】C

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.493

【解析】从前文的the former可以判断出,这里的the latter显然与其是并列关系,前面谈到the former 的是产生的原因,那么这里自然也是谈到the latter的原因,四个选项中能表达这一含义的只有C。

18.

[A]linked联系,连接,有关联

[B]integrated使合并,使结合

[C]woven编,织

[D]combined结合,组合,综合

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.491

【解析】空所在的句子内容把文章中前面谈到的智商和疾病结合在一起了,从上文我们应该可以判断出两者是有联系的,而空所在的内容显然也是需要表达两者之间的关系,A能更精确的表达这一含义,故答案为A。

19.

[A]limited(to)局限于

[B]subjected(to)使遭受(经受)

[C]converted(to)转变为

[D]directed(to)指向,导向

【答案】B

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.362

【解析】空前的内容已经说明了高智商与疾病有紧密联系,从这句可得到的内容我们可以判断出空所在的句子是产生这种联系的具体机能。句子的内容是:他的观点是这些人不同寻常的经历使他们于特别的进化压力。四个选项,显然只有B填入空中能够使句意通顺,故答案为B。

20.

[A]paradoxical矛盾的,似是而非的

[B]incompatible不相容的,不能并存的,矛盾的

[C]inevitable不可避免的

[D]continuous连续的,持续的

【答案】A

【考点】词义辨析

【难度系数】0.271

【解析】空所在的句子是显然是修饰这种进化压力的定语从句,而所填入的词应该是修饰文章谈到高智商和疾病这种状况的。从文章可以看出,这些人一方面拥有高的智商,对社会做出巨大贡献,另一方面又饱受疾病的困扰,显然这是一个看似矛盾的结论,A正能表达这种状况,故答案为A。

三、全文翻译

人类某些族群的智商可能高于其他族群,这种观点是一种不敢冠之以名的假设理论。但是格雷戈里·柯克伦却准备说出这一观点。他是这么一种特立独行的人:不隶属于任何机构的科学家。他曾推动普及这样一种观点:一些以前被认为不是由细菌引起的疾病竟然是传染病。当这个观点首次被提出时,曾引起极大的争议。

然而甚至是他这样一个人,一想到自己将要做的事,心里也会发怵。他与另外两名科学家一起发表了一篇论文,其中不仅表明一个人类族群比其他族群更聪明,还解释了导致这一结果的过程。论文中谈到的族群是起源于中欧的某个特定民族,而这个过程是自然选择。

这一人群在智商测试中普遍得分较高,得分比平均值100分高12-15分;而且他们对西方的学术和文化生活做出了同他们人口数量极不成比例的巨大贡献,他们中的精英人物,包括几位世界知名的科学家的事业充分证明了这一点。与此同时,他们也比大多数人更容易患多种严重的遗传疾病,比如乳癌。可是,以前

人们认为这些事实之间没有什么内在联系。前者(智商高)被归因于传统上高度重视教育等社会影响,而后者(遗传疾病)被看作是遗传隔离造成的结果。科克伦博士却认为高智商和疾病有密切联系。他的论点是:这些人不同寻常的历史致使他们承受了独特的进化压力,进而导致了这种矛盾的状态。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text1

一、文章结构与内容分析

本文介绍了压力对女性健康造成的负面影响,并剖析其原因。

第一段和第二段主要说明男女由于生理上的差异,在相同的情况下面对压力时,女性可能更容易产生焦虑和沮丧;第三段利用叶胡达医生的研究成果说明女性容易在压力面前表现出焦虑的原因:因为她们面对的压力比男性要多得多;第四段指出男女面对的压力种类不同:女性面临的压力大多来自家庭内部且时常发生,而男性所面临的压力则大多是战争和具有偶然性的动态情况;第五段是对第四段的一个举例说明;最后一段指出在压力危及健康之前将其予以缓解的重要性。

二、试题具体分析

21.根据前两段可知下面哪项正确?

[A]女性生理结构决定其在压力面前更为脆弱。

[B]女性仍然忍受着男性施加的压力。

[C]在应对压力方面女性比男性更有经验。

[D]面对压力时女性和男性表现出不同的倾向。

【答案】A

【考点】推理判断

【难度系数】0.449

【解析】文章第一段提到,在一个不太好的方面(undesirable category),女性似乎遥遥领先,接着通过引用医师耶胡达的话指出,这种领先是指“女性面临压力更容易患病”。在第二段指出,性激素影响压力的反应,使得雌性在承受压力时分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。两段结合,说明“女性在面临压力时容易患病的原因”。more vulnerable to stress和biologically分别与文中的susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress和sex hormones对应。因此A项为正确选项,同时可以排除C项。B项是正确的表述,但男性施加压力是无中生有,文中未提及,故排除;D项不能概况前两段的中心内容,故排除。

【补充】英文议论文的开始部分很关键,它往往要引入文章的主旨。为了能吸引读者,该部分常常采用一个引子。引子的写作方法很多,如引用名人名言(2003年text2),类比(2005年text1,text2和2006

考研英语新东方范猛老师阅读理解解题技巧

一.考研阅读的基本解题思路:(四步走) 第一,扫描提干,划关键项。 第二,通读全文,抓住中心。 1.通读全文,抓两个重点: ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读) 2.抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题: ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三,仔细审题,返回原文。(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩)定位原则: ①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等) ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四,重叠选项,得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。 2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由(高中的时候大家都这样做的) 二.阅读理解的解题技巧 1.例证题: ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。 要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。 2.指代题: ①返回原文,找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。 3. 词汇题:“搜索代入”法

考研英语阅读答题技巧总结(非常实用)

考研阅读技巧 一、考研阅读的整体解题思路与步骤 时间分配:每篇16分钟最佳,最多可延长至20分钟左右。 第一步:快速划出段落序号以及各段首句0.5分钟 第二步:阅读首段,了解文章主题(Theme)1-2分钟 宏观把握,随机应变,根据第一段内容,才能更好的给定位打下基础。 第三步:扫描题干,尽量找出题干能够提供的信息(Key Words)1分钟 定位词的优先考虑顺序: 1、首先标出明确告诉位置的题目所在(某段某行) 2、专有名词优先,包括人名、地名、书名以及带引号的词等 3、数字、时间、时段(包括某些介词短语) 4、较长、较复杂的词组(名词动词词组优先) 5、重要的动词、形容词或副词等实词 6、条件词、因果词、比较词等虚词(往往起到辅助作用) 第四步:变速浏览原文,抓住中心7-8分钟 注意把握三个阅读原则: 原则一:首段原则(文章的第一段逐字读明白,可以反复和回读) 原则二:首末句原则(其余各段的首尾句要细读,其他各句正常阅读即可) 原则三:“路标”原则。所谓路标词,就是表示作者思想衔接和转折的功能词汇。 1、中心词 2、转折词 3、态度词 4、例证词 5、列举词 (具体请见第四部分)

第五步:仔细审题,定位原文3-5分钟 原则一:关键词定位原则 原则二:自然段定位原则 原则三:长难句定位原则 注意一:关键词在原文可能是原词本身,也可能是关键词的同义词。 注意二:问原因的问题,一般问主要原因(major reason) 注意三:“邪恶的眼睛”(in the eyes of),注意问的是谁的观点和态度。 第六步:重叠选项,斟酌答案。3-5分钟 原则:不能仅凭借印象做题,考研阅读的干扰项干扰性巨大,除了理解原文,分辨正确和错误的选项也是一种重要的基本功。一般对原文进行同义替换的是答案: 同义替换的手段有:a)关键词替换b)句型替换c)正话反说d)语言简化(总之,换汤不换药!) 原则一:选最佳答案而不是正确答案(四个选项都要认真看,不能偏心)。 原则二:不放过任何一个选项,仔细读每个选项,鉴于强干扰性,要求必须记住:选一个选项应有选的理由,不选一个选项也应有不选的理由。 原则三:每个选项都当成生命中最重要的句子,其中每个单词哪怕是时态、冠词都有可能引起错误。 二、考研阅读的猜题技巧及救命法则 1、“体现中心思想的选项往往是答案” 考研文章中所有的细节、例子、引语都是为了说明文章主旨、段落主旨,所以考细节的题目,虽然不是主旨题,但能体现中心思想的选项是答案的可能性要远远大于其他选项。 2、“不看文章时,看似极其合理的选项不是答案;看似不太合理的选项往往是答案”

考研英语阅读做题经验和方法

考研英语阅读做题经验 和方法 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

考研英语真题经验和方法 阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章,考生应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。对于说明文来说,最重要的是抓住文章的说明对象、事实和数据;对于议论文来说,最重要的是总结作者的观点和结论、抓住作者的态度,以及作者的观点和态度与其他人的观点和态度之间的关系等等。 13个重点考点和四大命题原则。考生应该熟记这些重点考点,并在平时的练习中训练自己对这些考点的敏感程度,做到使自己的神经能够一找到这些考点就会条件反射般地兴奋起来,从而增强对重点的记忆和理解。下面首先将一一介绍阅读理解文章的敏感考点。 1、首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。大家在阅读了一定数量的文章之后就能够发现,许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点,这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。 此外,文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结,这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语,我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子,如: allinall,inshort,toconclude,inconsequence,insummary,inaword,asaresult,the refore,accordingly,thus等。 主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力,因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 2、段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文,一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证,每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强,文章结构都非常规范,因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句,因此也是出题的重点区域,涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到,在进行快速阅读的时候,考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 3、长难句 上文提到了长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在,其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等,使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力,平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子,理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。 4、列举处 所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点,标志性的词汇包括First,Second,Third…;Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly… Finally;Firstofall,Then,Inaddition,Further,Furthermore,Besides,Moreover…针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节,有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式,不过通常会有两种题型:第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项,错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒;第二中

2016考研英语阅读八大题型解题技巧

2016考研英语阅读八大题型解题技巧

2016考研英语阅读八大题型解题技巧 1. 例证题: ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性 的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。 ? 即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳) 要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。 2. 指代题: ①返回原文,找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语

或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。 3. 词汇题:“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性

③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相,即答案 注意:a.如果该词汇是简单词汇,则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识,而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词

2020考研英语二各题型答题技巧汇总.doc

2020考研英语二各题型答题技巧汇总 技巧一、完形填空 1.题量较多,分数较低,可以的话放在最后来回答。 2.答题步骤可分为: (1)先通读题目和选项,题目一般含有文中的关键词,选项一般是对某一个段落或某几个段落的概括总结。通读题目和选项后,会对文章的主题和大概内容有所了解。 (2)找出题目的关键词所在的段落,找出选项中与关键词所在段落同义、近义或相关性的词语,实现关键词的对接,确定句子间的关联性,从而选出正确答案。另外,通过阅读选项,有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子,通过阅读文章,我们就可以直接将该选项排除,进一步降低选项的难度。 (3)把选出的选项同题目连在一起阅读,查看内容是否连贯,前后是否一致。 3.参考“红花绿叶”原则: (1)红花词:以下8个词(词组)均出现过3次以上,每次都作为正确答案出现:however,while,although,forexample,suchas,because... (2)绿叶词:以下10个词均出现2-3次,但从未成为正确答案:at,ifonly,onlyif,nowthat...

技巧二、阅读理解 1.五种题型不同的应对方法: (1)细节题 根据题目寻找关键词,再根据关键词定位所在段落。80%往下找,20%往上找,要注意的是,跟文章几乎一模一样的选项,一般是错误的,正确答案是和文章主旨相符合的。 (2)主旨题 需要看清楚这篇文章的主要描写的对象是什么。因为错误选项中最常见的就是混淆关系,张冠李戴。此外,这类题型答案多在文章末段可以找到,要多加留心文章的最后一段。同时,如果问某一段的中心思想,要注意这一段的首句和尾句。 (3)态度题 要审题。要注意文章中的主人物的观点和作者的观点是不同的。考生们在写这类题目时,可以在看文章时候划下语气词和主语,同时注意文章中的转折词,一般在转折词的后面可以找到答案。 (4)推断题 主要考查学生对这篇文章的理解,所以必须要根据题意通读文章内容。 (5)词义题

考研英语阅读技巧总结

考研英语阅读技巧总结 考研文章特点 1.有一定的超纲词出现,句型结构复杂 2.作者的观点不一定很明确 3.四个选项的设置极具迷惑性,干扰性很强 阅读要求 1.每分钟60个单词 2.理解文章主旨要义 3.理解文中掌中的具体信息 4.理解文章中的概念含义 5.进行有关的判断、推理和引申 6.根据上下文推测生词的含义 7.理解文章中的总体结构和上下文之间的关系 8.理解作者的意图观点或态度 9.区分论点和论据 解题步骤(读文章和做题的时间相同) 1.通篇细读,把握文章中心,各段核心内容,首段以及每段首尾句必把握 2.仔细审题干,确定题目类型,返回原文定位,再次阅读文章 定位方法: 1)根据大写字母,时间地点,人名,数字来定位 2)根据长难句定位 3)根据自然段定位原则来定位 3.分析选项,对比原文信息,得出答案 十大题型 1.细节事实题 题干中有明显提到了时间地点或人物等细节信息,有可能针对文章中一句话或几句话,题干和选项之间可能存在因果关系 解题关键: 1)根据选项或题干中的时间,地点,人物,事物等关键词定位 2)根据题干或选项中的重点词或同义词定位

3)根据出题顺序返回原文定位 4)根据长难句,复杂句定位,长难句一般出题 2.例证题 标志:case、example、exemplify、demonstration、illustration、illustrate、demonstrate 不在于看懂句子,而在于看懂例子支持的观点。 解题步骤: 1)返回原文找回该例子,若是整段都是该例子内容,则到上一段中寻找观点 2)若例子只是一句话或几句话,则在本段中寻找观点。80%向上,20%向下搜索该句 子所支持的观点。 3)在四个选项中寻找与找到的观点表达最一致,意思最接近的一个作为句子的答 案。 4)有时候论点在文章中不太明显,需要根据例子之前的信息进行归纳总结。 5)引用,列举,类比也是为了说明观点。 3.词汇题 1)标志:在题干中明确指出原文中的单词和短语,要求辨别其词含义。 2)该单词本身并不重要,重要的是上下文。 3)如果该单词认识属于考研大纲词汇,则其往往不是答案,其正确是根据上下文理解 的一个更加深入的含义,该含义也许和单词表面意思没任何关系。 4)做题方法:把四个选项代入原文,根据上下文一致或相反地逻辑关系进行判断。 4.句子理解题 1)标志:在题干中明确指明一句话,要求理解其含义。 2)做这类题,重要的不是上下文,而是句子本身。 3)重点是返回原文,对该句子进行语法,词法,句法的精确解析及深层含义。一般来 说,正确答案与原句话之间是同义关系,只不过用其他语言表达。若该句话的含义 有时不好确定时,则可依据上下文判断,因为局部信息要和整体含义保持一致。 4)句子理解题错误选项的特征一般是分析推理,做题必紧扣原文。 5)正确选项不包含过于绝对性的词。 5.指代词题 在题干中明确指出原文中某个代词,要求理解其含义,辨别其指代关系,it,that,why 1)首先是返回原文,找回该代词所在的句子,并准确分析该代词的含义。 2)向上搜索离该代词最近的名词,名词性短语,句子。 3)将找到的词或句子,短语的意思代入句子,替代该指代词,看哪个词义上最完整。 4)在选项中找出与最终确定的词,短语,句子最接近的一个作为正确答案。 6.中心主旨题

2018考研英语二阅读做题技巧大揭秘!

2018考研英语二阅读做题方法大揭秘! 一、先看问题再读文章 大家要时刻记得,阅读的主要目的就是做题,一定要先看题。先把题目浏览一遍,既提前知晓了文章在谈什么,又可以带着问题去有目的地阅读。 带着考点去浏览文章,不仅能够精确定位,也可以提高答题速度一举多得。记得阅读时间要把控好。既要读到要点,又要快速高效。 二、回到文中找答案 如果你自信对文章读的比较透,理解得比较准,在答题时最好也不要轻易勾出选项,还是需要把题目再带回原文中,核实准确再作答。 我用的真题(吕升运的考研圣经)在阅读答案解析部分,对每一个题都做了“回文定位”,给出了定位正确答案的方法。我感觉这个真的非常实用,大家选择真题就可以选择类似的。 因为有时候我们会有先入为主的概念,阅读中的理解不见得一定是精准的,须得把文章和题目结合起来,找出真正的契合点,找到文章的原句所在,才算真正把握好了答题的分寸。

三、细节题不过分延伸 考研英语阅读侧重于精读能力的考查,所以对细节题考察的非常多。对文中某一段、某一句或者某一单词、词组的理解,也是最需要把握分寸的所在。 纵观历年真题,几乎所有的细节题的正确答案,既不会直接照搬原文,也不会让你又过多的延伸,而往往都是同义替换,所谓“万变不离其宗”,答案一定不会有太大偏差。这个分寸,还需要自己再复习过程中做题去总结。 四、主旨题和态度题 主旨题和态度题也是最常见的考点,这些“题眼”也是非常好找的。文章主旨题一般会在前两段和最后一段;段落的主旨需

要自己去稍加概括。 态度题不难定位,但最大的难点在于如何确定观点是支持还是反对或是保持中立?这就需要一些态度词的积累。平时在复习阅读题中,要多多关注这类词。 五、注意同义替换的法则 考研英语阅读部分包含了大量的同义替换,这不仅仅是考察词汇的掌握能力,也是考察大家的观察能力和推理能力。有时候,一次词汇还会同义替换为一个词组。这样不仔细观察是难以发现的。 总而言之,阅读题就是需要技巧加耐心,大家也要有针对性的进行练习。上面这些技巧是我自己的做题经验,还有一些“零元课”视频里讲到知识点。希望对大家的备考有所帮助。 98%人都在用的考研英语二复习书: 一、词汇 1.《非常词汇》 适合人群:英语一和英语二通用 推荐理由:800个句子浓缩所有大纲单词,通过句子记单词,让你不再由A背到Z,背单词不再那么枯燥,记忆量大大变小了。赠送4大赠本中的《必考词+基础词+偶考词+超纲词》重点分明,如果时间不充足,那么只需要背必考词就可以啦! 2.闪过英语考研《必考词汇应用全书》

考研英语阅读理解命题技巧分析

2017考研英语:阅读理解命题技巧分析 试题质量的优劣关系到考试是否达到预期目的,因此命制试题是整个考试的中心环节。命题小组在命制试题时必须遵循既定的命题原则而且通常运用一些有规律可循的方法和手段去到达试题的测试目标。鉴于此,各位考生如能熟知考研试题的命题技巧,在解题时也会更加得心应手。 一、《大纲》对阅读理解A部分的评价目标 命题小组在设计试题时,一方面要在试题中考查考生是否能够读懂不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%,包括信函、书报和杂志上的文章),而且还考查考生是否能够读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明、产品介绍等。根据所读材料,考生应该能够:(1)理解主旨要旨;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解文中的概念性含义; (4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;(5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;(6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;(7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;(8)区分论点和论据。 二、命题的流程及方法 1)选材改编 在试题命制过程中,一般命题人在选好适当的文章之后,命题人要对原文进行以下几方面的改编: 第一、调整词数,将四篇文章的总词数控制在1600以内; 第二、删去文章标题。文章标题概括文章的主题,如果出现,文章大意就未睹先知。为了测试对文章主题和其他内容的理解,阅读理解原文的标题都要删去,让考生根据文章的内容去总结和把握; 第三、删减细节信息。出于把文章字数控制在要求的范围内的考虑,一些可有可无的细节、不影响文章总体结构的细节内容都要删除; 第四、替换超纲词汇。为了将超纲词汇控制在要求的范围内(全文的3%),也为了便于考生真正发挥阅读水平,有些超纲词汇被替换。如在2009年阅读理解的第一篇文章当中将超纲词汇mediocrity替换成了commonness;在第二篇文章当中将超纲词汇algorithms 替换成了programs;在第三篇文章当中将超纲词汇apex替换成了peak;在第四篇文章当中将超纲词汇aura替换成了atmosphere。 第五、合并拆分段落。为了使文章语言更加精炼,结构更加严谨,在删去部分内容后,为使上下文连贯,相邻段落被合并。为了使上下文更有层次,有时也会将统一的段落拆分。 经过以上几步改编,之后的文章不仅没有破坏原文的结构和内容,反而显得更加精炼:结构严谨,层次清晰,一篇成型的文章就完成了。 2)命制题干 在命制题干时,命题人遵循以下原则: 第一,题干应仅描述一个单一的问题,最好是一个问句或一个不完全的陈述句。题干和选项皆不宜过长,都要简洁、清楚,考点明确,尽量减少不必要的词语。在各选项中共同使用的文字或术语应该反映在题干上; 第二,题干和选项中不应含有与所考查内容无关的材料。尽量避免在题干中使用否定词。一旦在题干中出现了否定词,应该特别予以强调,如用黑体或者全大写;

考研英语阅读方法经典总结(非常实用)

考研阅读的基本解题思路:(四步走) 第一,扫描提干,划关键项。 第二,通读全文,抓住中心。 1. 通读全文,抓两个重点: ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读) 2. 抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题: ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念?文章的核心概念是什么(一般是反复出现的一个核心词) ③作者的大致态度是什么?(是谁对谁的态度) 第三,仔细审题,返回原文。(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩)定位原则: ①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等) ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四,重叠选项,得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某 处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。 2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 结论性的句子需要慢读,引用说明的句子需要快读。 引用的作用有两点:1。支持自己的观点。2.批评别人论据的论点。 十大解题思路:

1.细节事实题 标志:文章提到具体的时间,地点,人物,问它们具体的关系。五个w,一个h。 做题的关键:返回原文(题干返回原文:1,根据关键词返回原文2.自然段返回原文;选项返回原文:1,重点词,同义词返回原文2.根据长难句返回原文) 迷惑选项的设置方式:1偷换概念(比如说蒙古人喝牛奶,而选项却说蒙古人喝豆浆)2.正反混淆(肯定说成否定,反之亦然)3,因果倒置4常识判断(符合常识的不一定对,但不符合常事的一定不对)5扩大范围(破车不是车,破车是破车) 2.例证题 标志:illustration 、demonstration、case 、example 、exemplify时 做题关键:准确找到例子所支持的观点,而不在于能看懂例子本身 做题步骤:返回原文,找到例子出处。然后,从例子出发,80%向上搜索,20%向下,找到该例子支持的观点,在四个选项中寻找与表达的观点最一致,意思最接近的一个。 干扰选项的特征: A就事论事。把例子中某一部分内容概括一下放到选项中。(特殊例证题,从文章的一个观点出发,来考文章之外的内容,做题关键:要把握观点) B混淆论点论据。 C列举无关常识。 要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。 3,词汇题(搜索代入法) 标志:在题目中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组,要求辨别出意思 ①返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相,即答案 注意:

高分学姐总结的考研英语一阅读理解复习方法与技巧

高分学姐总结的考研英语一阅读理解复习方法与技巧 大家都深知考研英语一阅读部分的重要性,但是对于如何复习考研英语阅读还是比较茫然,今天我就根据自己复习考研英语的经验,再结合“零元课”视频讲解的阅读技巧和考点分析,跟大家谈谈如何复习阅读理解才能达到最好的复习效果。 PS:有些是摘录“零元课”讲师的原话,在此特别鸣谢各位老师。 考研英语阅读题型一般分为7种:推理题、例证题、词汇题、句子理解题、指代题、主旨题、态度题。下面就分别谈谈各题型的复习技巧。 (一)词汇题 主要测试考生根据上下文正确推测判断词义的能力,考察词汇的掌握情况。标志是The word “…”inline …refers to … 复习方法:精读历年真题,将近十年真题文章中的生词全部记住,重点记忆一词多义的,还有固定搭配和相关词组,也要注意近反义词和近似词义辨析。推荐《考研真相》,对词汇注释很细致,也做了一些拓展,利于记忆相关词汇,增加词汇量。 做题技巧:1.返回原文注意结合上下文,理解该词的意思; 2.如果是考纲内词汇,则字面意思必然不是正确答案; 3.词汇的正确答案,经常蕴藏在原文该词出现的前后。 (二)例证题 例证题主要是考查考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、

支持的观点等。标记词有:“example, illustrate, case, exemplify, illustration”等。 复习方法:这种题型一是考察考生文章理解能力,二是考察考生逻辑能力,这些都需要多做题,多多总结,做题的时候要回文定位,总结常考的套路,学会利用文章来把握人物观点和文章主旨。 做题技巧:1.回文定位;2.90%向上,10%向下,搜索该例证周围的区域,找出例证支持的观点。一般要对该观点进行同意替换,既是正确选项。 (三)推理题 推理题一般包括数字推理,知识推断和逻辑推理,它主要考查我们理清上下逻辑关系的能力。推理题常常考查考生:1.进行有关的判断、推理和引申;2.理解作者的意图、观点或态度等。逻辑词常用的有:“infer, imply, suggest, conclude”等。 复习方法:同样需要多多做题,总结解题技巧,需要学会找关键词,比如转折,承接,递进……这些都是逻辑题的出题点,思路一定要清晰,逻辑题一般会有很多陷井,需要学习如何去规避。 做题技巧:1.各选项回文定位;2.依据原文的意思进行:“三错一对”的判断;3.注意推理时的“最近答案”原则。 四、句子理解题 句子理解题要求考生:理解文中的具体信息;理解文中的概

考研英语答题技巧

一、考研阅读的基本解题思路(四步走: 第一,扫描提干,划关键项。 第二,通读全文,抓住中心。 1. 通读全文,抓两个重点: ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题; ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读 2. 抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题: ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三,仔细审题,返回原文。(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩 定位原则: ①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等 ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四,重叠选项,得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文

1. 通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。 2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 二、阅读理解的解题技巧 1. 例证题: ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。?即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳ 要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。 2. 指代题: ①返回原文,找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远。

考研英语阅读答题技巧

考研阅读技巧总论 1.考研阅读理解文章的考点 1)首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点,这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。此外,文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结,这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或者最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语,我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子,如:all in all, in short, to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus等。主题句(一般是首段首句、二段一句、末段末句)考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力,因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 2)段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文,一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证,每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强,文章结构都非常规范,因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句,因此也是出题的重点区域,涉及的题目包括中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。在进行快速阅读的时候,考生只需要浏览文章的每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 3)长难句 长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在,其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等,使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。 4)列举处 所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点,标志性的词汇包括First, Second, Third...; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, ...Finally; First of all, Then, In addition, Further, Furthermore, Besides, moreover...针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节,有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式,不过通常会有两种题型:第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项,错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒;第二种是从四个答案选项中选择错误的一项,即“except”题型,一般对照原文就能够找出错误的选项 5)举例处 一般的说明文和议论文都需要一些例子来支持作者的说明和论证,这些例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联,具有重大的意义,因此也成为了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显,一般都带有如下的标志性词汇:for example, for instance, take…as an example, as, such as, like等。在做这种题目的时候,考生要牢记所举的例子一般都与文章的中心思想有着密切的联系,因此要在选项中去寻找与中心思想意思最接近的那一项。同时,一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点,所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读,才能保证所选答案的正确率。1999年以后几乎每年的考研阅读题中都有1-2道关于例证的题目,这应当引起考生的高度重视。常用的举例方法有两种:一是先提出观点,后举例说明;二是先列举事例再做出结论。考生应当学会举一反三,在具体的阅读文章中识别出各种例证。 6)引用处 说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点,也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此,引文间接

考研英语阅读方法(从20题错一半到只错1题的经验)

阅读技巧: 核心思想就是“分块阅读”。一篇阅读有5个问题,每个问题是按顺序分布的。比如说一篇阅读有5段,第一问在第一段中找答案,第二问在第二段中找,以此类推,这就是所谓的“分块阅读法”,分块阅读的基础就是——题目是按顺序分块设置的。至于如何在“块”中发现答案,要找的就是“同义替换”,下文中会有详细介绍。(当然诸如“这篇文章的题目应选什么?”的问题除外,需要结合整篇文章作答,不过这类问题很少) 因此阅读的技巧和关键就在于“通过问题分解文章,缩小每次的阅读内容,各个击破”。切记不要一口气读完文章后将5个问题一齐作答,一来记不住文章的要点和细节,二来会中出题人的陷阱(干扰项其实就是在细节上做手脚),如偷梁换柱等。 阅读的方法如下: (1)扫一遍5个问题,对题干信息有个印象,看一眼就行了,不需要记住。然后按顺序精读,对含有题干信息的语句仔细阅读。另外,留意“Which of thefollowing would be the best title of the test?”、“The author’s attitudetowards…”这之类的问题,在分解阅读时可以顺便留意一下作者的观点态度。 (2)第一个问题,答案一般就在第一段。后面几问同理,这样整篇文章被分解成四五个部分,一部分最多三四个长句,对每个部分认真阅读,目标清晰,很容易得到正解;同时,每个部分,废话居多,真正的答案往往就其中一句话或其中一个关键短语,选对选项的关键在于找准同义替换(有种题型不能用找“同义替换”的方法,后面的补充说明里有讲)。(3)正确的选项往往以同义替换的形式出现。这一点是成败的关键,考研英语阅读的每一个问题都是非常严谨的,其严谨在于:正确选项实质上就是原文中某句话的同义替换,而不是靠蒙和猜,正确选项一定能在原文中找到相应的依据。 同义替换分2种。第1种是:正确选项中的某个短语和原文中的某个短语意思相同,如explore和probe都是“探索”,shared和collective都是“共同的”,purchase和for the sale 都表示“交易、买卖”;第2种是:正确选项是对原文中某句话的概括,如:“discovery is described as seeingwhat everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought” 概括起来就是“scientific work calls for acritical mind”(当然这里critical的一词多义要非常熟悉才行);“Politicians have repeatedly“backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but addingto holidays and especially pensions that are already generous”概括起来就是“the income in the statesector is indirectly augmented”(第二个例子的意思是“国有部门虽然工资没涨太多但是其福利奖金有所增加”,所以概括起来就是“间接地增加了国有部门收入”)。关于同义替换的具体运用,详见《附件一》。 (4)注意出题人设置干扰项时的惯用伎俩。干扰项无非以下几种: ①偷梁换柱:原文中说“人物A做了事件B”,干扰项为可能为“人物C做了事件B”,而人物C其实在原文中另一处出现的。如果仅凭印象选择,很容易出错。 ②前后混淆:如“人物A在文中第3段提出了某观点”,干扰项可能为第1段里的某个观点,前后顺序颠倒。原理上与偷梁换柱差不多。 ③以偏概全:原文中说“事件A的必要条件是B、C、D”,干扰项可能为“如果B发生,则A 一定发生”。 ④过度引申:原文中说“A今天做了某件事”,干扰项可能为“A经常做这件事” ⑤无中生有:干扰项是YY出来的,在原文中找不到依据,比过度引申更离谱 ⑥曲解原文:原文中说“A很好”,干扰项可能为“A不好”,当然不会这么直接

考研英语二阅读理解答题技巧

考研英语二阅读理解答题技巧 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲出炉啦!还在考研战场奋斗挣扎的孩纸们请看过来啦。 下面带着大家一起来整理下考研英语(二)阅读的答题技巧。 技巧1:与众不同者往往是答案。 真题2014年Text 1: These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others. 21. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase? A. A big house. B. A special tour. C. A stylish car. D. A rich meal. 真题2008年Text 1: Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto(座右铭)was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ”says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ” 41. The word “techies”(Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ___. A. afraid of technology B. skilled in technology C. ignorant of technology D. incompetent in technology 真题2008年Text 2: Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high). 49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______ A. idealistic B. impractical C. effective D. fruitless 技巧2:对比的选项中有一个为答案。 真题2007年Text 4: Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average(GPA)? When we’re threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. “If you let me pass math I will ….”“Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I’ll….”Once the situation is behind us, so

考研英语阅读从错一半到得38分,竟然有这种好方法.....

考研英语阅读从错一半到得38分,竟然有这种好方法..... 方法如下 1.词汇 词汇是基础,大纲词汇必须掌握。考研英语阅读中如果一句话中有一两个单词不认识,很可能导致这句话的意思搞错,甚至把整篇文章的主导思想搞错;如果问题选项中有单词不认识就更麻烦了。 说一下自己的体会,一开始做阅读练习的时候,错一大片,有时候甚至错一半,当时真是怕英语不过线,然后我痛定思痛,认真总结了阅读错的原因,我发现,是因为词汇关没过,文中一些单词不认识导致对文章关键句甚至作者的主体思想理解错误。其实之前我也把单词过了一两遍,但是忘得特别快,特别是一词多义,我只记住其最基本的意思,而记不住其他意思。 所以我下决心一定要攻克单词关,我看了新东方王江涛老师的文章之后,受益匪浅,然后开始一步一步地去做。我花了接近20天(视个人情况而定,我记东西很笨),几乎其它什么事也不做,就背单词。之前写错了,这20天背了两遍,后来每天花在单词上的时间明显缩短,因为已经比较熟悉了,最后四五遍背下来把单词书背得滚瓜烂熟,真的是每个单词的每一种意思都知道,而且经过四五遍记忆之后,不像以前那样容易忘了,因此两次重复的间隔周期可以延长,单词关算过了。不过刚开始这个背单词计划的

时候,真是痛苦得抓墙,不过两遍之后,轻松多了,因为记不住的越来越少,本来就记住的印象也越深。 最后做往年真题的时候,近几年的真题阅读都是错1个或全对,考研时阅读就错了1个,错的那个争议也比较大,不可强求吧。更重要的是英语掌握了得当的方法,节省了很多时间,可以投入更多的精力在数学和专业课上。 因此,要想阅读得高分,必须首先攻克单词。 2.词汇书选择 《星火式巧记速记精练》(分三册),这本书将词汇分类,便于记忆,特别有助于记住一词多义;很多人都推荐这本书,我之前也用过其它词汇书,最后觉得星火这本书是最佳选择。 背单词的具体思路如下: 首先找一本包括考研5500个单词的词汇书。5500个单词不可能全不认识——500个初中词汇和2000个高中词汇是基础,所以,真正需要记忆的词汇只有两三千个。然后每天坚持背诵一部分。如果记忆力较好,10天可以搞定;记忆力不好,20天也可以

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档