化学工程与工艺专业英语课后答案
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Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries 1. the Industrial Revolution 2. organic chemicals 3. the contact process 4. the Haber process 5. synthetic polymers 6. intermediates 7. artificial fertilizers 8. pesticides 9. synthetic fibers 10. pharmaceutical 11. research and development 12. petrochemical 13. computers 14. capital intensive Some Chemicals Used In Our Daily Life
Food artificial fertilizers, pesticide, veterinary products Health antibiotics, β-blockers
Clothing synthetic fibers (e.g. polyesters, polyamides), synthetic dyes
Shelter synthetic polymers (e.g. urea-formaldehyde, polyurethanes), plastics
Leisure plastics and polymers (e.g. nylon)
Transport additives (e.g. anti-oxidants, viscosity index impovements), polymers, plastics
Unit 2 Research and Development 1. R&D 2. ideas and knowledge 3. process and products 4. fundamental 5. applied 6. product development 7. existing product 8. pilot plant 9. a emerging case 10. environmental impact 11. energy cost 12. technical support 13. process improvement 14. effluent treatment 15. pharmaceutical 16. sufficiently pure 17. Reaction 18. unreacted material 19. by-products 20. the product specification 21. Product storage
Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers 1. Mechanical 2. electrical 3. civil 4. scale-up 5. commercial-size 6. reactors 7. distillation columns 8. pumps 9. control and instrumentation 10. mathematics 11. industry 12. academia 13. steam 14. cooling water 15. an economical 16. to improve 17. P&I Drawings 18. Equipment Specification Sheets 19. Construction 20. capacity and performance 21. bottlenecks 22. Technical Sales 23. new or improved 24. engineering methods 25. configurations
Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals 1. inorganic chemicals 2. derive from 3. petrochemical processes 4. Metallic ores 5. extraction process 6. non-renewable resource 7. renewable sources 8. energy source 9. fermentation process 10. selective 11. raw material 12. separation and purification 13. food industry 14. to be wetted 15. Key to success 16. Crushing and grinding 17. Sieving 18. Stirring and bubbling 19. Surface active agents 20. Overflowing
Unit 5 Basic Chemicals 1. Ethylene 2. acetic acid 3. Polymerization 4. Polyvinyl acetate 5. Emulsion paint
High-volume sector Low-volume sector Production scale tens to hundreds of thousands tons per year tens to a few thousands tons per year
Products / a plant single product multi-products Operation manner continuous batch Price or profit fairly cheap very profitable Usage intermediates end-products
Challenges reduced demand, environment pollution Products in the sector sulphuric acid, phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, chlor-alkali, petrochemicals, commodity polymers
agrochemicals, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, speciality polymers
Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes 1. Ammonia 2. ammonia absorber 3. NaCl & NH4OH 4. Carbon dioxide 5. NH4Cl 6. Rotary drier 7. Light Na2CO3 8. Water
Product Raw material Major steps or Principal reactions Uses
Soda-ash brine, limestone ammoniating, carbonating, precipitating, filtering, drying, calcining raw material for glassmaking, sodium silicate; as an alkali
Chlorine brine 2Na+ + 2Cl - +2H2O → NaOH +Cl2 +H2
as water purification, bleaching of wood pulp; production of vinyl chloride, solvents, inorganic chlorine-containing products
Caustic soda brine 2Na+ + 2Cl - +2H2O → NaOH +Cl2 +H2
for paper-making, manufacture of inorganic chemicals, syntheses of organic chemicals, production of alumina and soap
Sulfuric acid elemental sulphur S +O2 → SO2 SO2 + O2 → SO3 SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
feedstock for fertilizers; production of ethanol, hydrofluoric acid, aluminum sulphates
Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea 1. kinetically inert 2. some iron compounds 3. exothermic 4. conversion 5. a reasonable speed 6. lower pressures 7. higher temperatures 8. capital 9. energy 10. steam reforming
