2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4

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2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练41.traditional adj.传统的,惯例的In traditional Chinese culture,marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. 在传统的中国文化中,父母常常为儿女操办婚姻。

考点提示:tradition n.传统,常规,惯例follow/keep up the tradition 遵循传统break the tradition 打破传统according to tradition 据传统There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A.tradition B.balance C.concern D.Relationship完成句子:(1)The Mid­Autumn Day is a ________(传统的)festival of China.(2)“When in Rome,do as the Romans do”means we should follow the________(传统,惯例)of a country.2.include vt.(1)包含,包括Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.你的职责包括替我安排预约。

[剑桥高阶]The price includes postage charges.这个价钱包含邮资。

(2)把……列在里面,算入,计入include...in/on/among...He includes me among his friends.他把我当作朋友。

I include eggs on the list of things to buy.我把鸡蛋列入购物单中。

考点提示:(1)including(介词)包含、包括(置于名词前)Seven people died in the accident,including a baby.七人在事故中丧生,包括一个婴儿。

(2)included adj.(置于名词之后)Many people went to the party,me included(=including me).许多人参加了聚会,包括我在内。

contain/include辨析(1)contain指作为组成部分而被“含有”或“容纳”在内,是内容物的包括。

(2)include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,是范围的包括。

(1)This atlas(地图册)________40 maps,________3 of the Great Britain.A.contains;including B.includes;containingC.contains;containing D.includes;including(2)At least twenty people were injured in the car accident,three children________. A.contained B.including C.were included D.included3.celebrate vt.&vi.庆祝How do people celebrate New Year in your country?你们国家的人怎样庆祝新年?celebration n.庆祝;典礼;庆祝会celebrate Christmas/one's birthday 庆祝圣诞节/某人的生日have/hold a celebration 举行一个庆祝会in celebration of... 为了庆祝……congratulate sb on sth /doing sth 祝贺某人某事/做某事congratulations to sb on sth /doing sth祝贺某人某事/做某事congratulate/celebrate辨析(1)congratulate的意思是“祝贺”,其宾语必须是人,使用congratulate sb on sth 结构;也常用其复数形式congratulations。

(2)celebrate的宾语是物,如节日、结婚纪念日、生日等令人欢乐的事情或日子。

用congratulate,celebrate填空(1)We held a party in________of this victory.(2)I offered my________on his success.(3)We held a________to________his birthday.(4)In the________,we________him on his promotion.4.darkness n.黑暗I can see nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。

The city centre was plunged into darkness by the power cut.市中心因停电变得一片漆黑。

darkness/dark辨析darkness与dark没有绝对的区别。

但darkness常指一时的黑暗;dark表示经常或长时间的黑暗,用时须加the,另外它与介词at,before,after连用表示“黄昏”“傍晚”。

keep sth in the dark 暗中做某事keep sth dark 对某事保密keep sb in the dark 对某人保密用dark的有关短语填空(1)They all knew the truth.Only I was ________ ________ ________.(2)It's wrong for them to keep it ________ ________ ________.5.destroy v.破坏,毁坏The building was pletely destroyed by fire.这个建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。

All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.他回信拒绝,我的希望完全破灭。

They have destroyed all the evidence.他们销毁了一切证据。

考点提示:destruction n.破坏,摧毁destructive adj. 造成毁灭或严重破坏的destroy/damage/harm辨析(1)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏。

(2)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏。

(3)harm一般指身心、健康、名声的损害。

(1)The noises not only make it difficult to sleep,but they are ________ damage to our housesA.doing B.making C.putting D.raising(2)The heavy rain________the hope of a picnic.A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed D.hurt(3)He was lucky enough to escape being killed in the accident,but his car was pletely________. A.damaged B.struck C.failed D.destroyed6.serve(1)vt.为……服务,效力We should serve the people heart and soul.我们应该全心全意为人民服务。

(2)vt.接待,招呼(顾客等)The shop assistant is serving a customer.商店服务员正在接待一位顾客。

First e,first served.先来者先被接待。

(先来后到)(3)vt.端上(饭菜),供应饮食serve sb with sth 拿……来招待某人;供应……The waiter served us with wine.服务生给我们倒酒。

(4)vt.&vt.服刑,服役,担任职务The soldier has served in the army for 3 years.那个士兵已服3年兵役。

The man served a long sentence in prison for his crime.那个人为他犯的罪要长期服刑。

(5)serve as 担任(某职务),充任;权当,当……用He served two terms as president.他担任过两届总统。

When they slept in the open,dry leaves served as blanket.当他们在野外睡觉时,干树叶就当毛毯用。

翻译句子:(1)他服侍主人多年。

______________________________________________________(2)他拿出水果来招待我们。

______________________________________________________7.swallow(1)vt.& vi.吞;咽He had a sore throat and found it difficult to swallow.他嗓子疼,觉得咽东西困难。

(2)vt.吞没;吞噬The waves swallowed up the boat.浪涛吞噬船只。

(3)n.吞;咽Take the medicine at one swallow.一口把药吞下。

(4)n.燕子One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。

(谚语)完成句子:(1)It's difficult for you to ________(吞下整个鸡蛋).(2)洪水吞没一切挡在它路上的东西。

______________________________________________________8.mess n.混乱考点提示:in a mess 乱七八糟make a mess 搞乱Your books and magazines are almost in a mess; go and put them in order.你的书和杂志简直乱七八糟,去把它们整理一下。