2016届年高考英语高频词汇必背及专项突破训练(5)及答案

2016年全国高考英语试题(全国-I卷)高频词汇（249words）Listening:hire reservation,check in, check out, boring relaxed employer unpredictable stable optimistic salary limited(A)probably encourage peace, a sense of community, shelter, promote education, exist, raise awareness of,harmful effects, boycott，last, social work, be noted for,lack of, proper training, effort background reject court, discrimination against, financial condition, contribution to, infer mention pioneer creative(B) generation separate statistics evidence trend influence, follow the example, prove publish realize, make sacrifice, frequently struggle, strengthen family ties, ,living conditions, enable express reaction respond sympathetically majority unsure, be eager to, ,raise children, ,have respect for, ,in the interest of,(C)abroad implant patient, be conscious of, hurricane, pick up, be meant to, urgently arrange originally schedule aware potentially replace delivery operation(D)vary silence empty conversation stubbornness view extremely therefore attempt gap value basic continue reflection particularly conflict power agreement, under discussion, instruction authority rude, a sign of respect, be aware of,anxiety recognize construction interrupt assist author imply, promote friendship, culture-specific, content-based, please (v.) treat evaluate heal silver gold(5/7)private agency represent alphabet symbol replace frequently, as long as, stand for, specific letter(Cloze)deliver transport vehicle ,pull over, brake emergency personnel duty customer employer colleague passenger abandon remove disabled, take charge of, control confirm approach park still calm slip explode crash, fall apart ,in case, as if, step forward, back, set out, forbid free, for certain, consideration check patience effort promise skill(Grammar)millionaire profit ambassador title official ceremony connection permit include duty research reject switch suspect steady2016年全国高考英语试题(全国-II卷)高频词汇（347words）(Listening)dentist discuss，make an apology，assistant project professorrelationship neighbor host barbecue inspire attend, carry out ,research ,take a vacation, apartment satisfactory inconvenient recommend tourist schedule, watch out for, comfortable tourist(A)electric local band musician producer right comedian comedy please experience confidence jazz perform, best-selling book, bar serve require membership last run (B)Seattle term hesitate check instruction, according to, provide imagination experimentally construction shelf delighted presence creative unexpected assistant infect encouraging task style declare wildly, raise the students’interest in, design mention active prefer drawback burden improve memory(C)social activity, ,belong to, choose discuss website traditional register site identification stick adventure director combine bench, journal entry, describe update selfish gather dust trend virtual mention explain, stress the importance of, encourage share underlined safe pass ,the best title, Online Reading ,tour, electronic books, link(D)collection unsuccessful Antarctic voyage outstanding undoubtedly journalism shot reasonable expectation survival image store freezing damaged intend crew shore force continent journeyachieve, the South Pole, companion march research commercial effort thoroughly complete imagination, in his honor, crowd, merchant-navy, within voyage photography confident gifted hire publish scenery disastrous purpose ,artistic creation, scientific research, ,treasure hunt,(5/7)right atmosphere appear total, by accident, with respect to,approach process,no more than, pattern mass method require reason explain childhood memory model, goes back to, powerful bond youth ,translate into, experience matter delightful simply produce memory(Cloze)form impression, actually device mile voice powerful ,travel agent,,cold voice, ,immediate flight, emergency madness sympathetically nod patiently print rush shoulder, by the way, waving safe, figure out, silent signal, wire notice accept develop thus Indeed connection impression direct accurate, on purpose, ,in person, annoy discourag confuse confirm postpone arrange promote, from time to time, ,for the first time, expect avoid test comfort shy familiar force form bill list regretfully gratefully disappointedly nervous serious pleasant speechless amused calm proud clever skillfulness gratefully forgiveness explanation concept behavior(Grammar)stressed responsibility step identify importance handle task, sense of achievement, acceptable focus productive confidence accomplished, recent study, break, for a while, brain regular likely relief,daily stress,第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。

2016年高考英语词汇解析A1.●abandon v.放弃，遗弃，抛弃abandon the baby/ child/ friendabandon the plan/ idea/ effort/ hopeabandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于He abandoned himself to despair.2.◎ability n. 能力；才能the ability to walk 行走的能力to the best of one’s abilit y 竭尽全力He completed the job to the best of his ability.3.●abnormal adj.不正常的，畸形的，反常的They thought his behavior was abnormal.反义词：normal4. ◎aboard prep. adv.在船（飞机，火车）上，上船(飞机，轮船)all the people aboard 机上的人5. about prep关于，ad 大约，到处a) be about to do sth…(when)I was about to go out when it began to rain.b) look about/around/round c) How/What about…询问情况或建议6 . above prep在…上面above all 首先;尤其7. abroad ad.到(在)国外a) go /study /live abroad b) at home and abroad在国内外8. ●absence n. 不在，缺席absence from work/ school The decision was made in my absence.in the absence of 在缺少…条件下The case was dismissed in the absence of proof.9. ◎absent adj. 缺席的，不在的be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的10. ◎absorb vt. 1) 吸收，吸进（液体，气体等）2) 理解，掌握absorb ink/ water/ neat/ light/ oxygen/ sound/ energyabsorb information/ knowledge be absorbed in专注于，聚精会神于…11.●abuse v / n. 滥用，谩骂abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒/嗜毒abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权12. accept vt.accept the gift /invitation /plan accept sb/sth as…13.●access n.方法，通路，机会The only access to the farm was a narrow bridge.Only high officials have access to the emperor.We students have access to the school library.accessible adj. 可进入的，可接近的，可使用的Such information is not easily accessible to the public.14. accident n.事故，意外的事by accident/chance 偶然，无意中；不小心15.●accompany v. 陪伴，伴随，伴奏accompany sb. to the school/ supermarketaccompany the singer on / at the piano Lightening usually accompanies thunder.16. ●accomplish v. 完成，到达，实现accomplishment n. 成就，成绩accomplish the task/ purpose/ goal17. according to根据According to the law, he should be sentenced to death.18. ◎accuse vt. 指控，指责accuse sb of (doing ) sth 控告…19.●accustomed adj. 习惯的，适应的，惯常的be/ get/ become accustomed to doing He was soon accustomed to getting up early.20. ache vi./n headache / toothache My back aches so much.21. achieve vt 达到；取得achievement n 成就achieve success/victor y/one’s goal;22.◎achievement n. 成就，业绩；完成（任务等）make great achievements23.●acknowledge v. 承认，致谢It is generally acknowledged that global warming is caused by greenhouse gases.Yaoming is acknowledged as/ to be the best player in China.I acknowledged financial support from the local government.24. across prep cross v. I walked across the street.; cross a street; come/run across碰到25. act n.法令，条例vt.表演，扮演，行动，做事act as 充当；扮演act out 把…表演出来26. action n. 行动take action to do sth put sth into action 把…付诸实施27. active adj. 积极的;主动的take an active part in /be active in 积极参加28.◎activity n. 活动outdoor activities 户外运动29.actual a.实际的actually adv. in (actual) fact 实际上30●adapt vi. 适应，适合，改编vt. 使适应adapt to change /the city lifeadapt oneself to the new surroundings adapt the novel for a film adaptation n. 适应31. add vt 添加，增加，补充说（that）add(…)to 添加add up 把…加在一起add up to总计为; 总数为a) His illness added to our trouble. b) He added that he would come again.c) Please add these figures up. d) These numbers add up to 100.e) He added some salt to the water.32. address n.地址vt.写地址；向…讲话（尤指演讲）address the letter to sb. 给某人寄信The letter was wrongly addressed.The president addressed the public.33.●adjust vt. 调整，调节，适应adjust your speed /the volume/ the cameraadjust to the dark/ the single life adjust yourself to the student life adjustment n. 调整，调节34.admire v 钦佩.;羡慕admire sb for sth I admire John for his courage.35. admit vt（admi tt ed ,admi tt ed）1) 承认admit one’s mistakes; admit doing/having don eHe admitted having stolen the money.2) 准许（入场，入学，入会）admit sb to /into→sb be admitted toHe has been admitted to Beijing University.36.●adopt v. 收养，采用，采纳adopt a child the adopted son/ daughteradopt a new policy/ a suggestion/ a plan/ an attitude37. advance vi推进，促进；前进adj. advanced先进的/ 高级的in advance预先，事先an advanced worker38. advantage n. 优点，好处(可数名词) 反：disadvantagetake advantage of 利用have an advantage over 优于…to sb’s advantage 对（某人）有利39. ◎advertise vt. 为…做广告1）为…做广告advertise a product / things2）登广告征求/寻找… advertise for a new sales manager40. advice n/u. advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议take/foll ow/ accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议 a piece of advice 一条建议give sb some advice on sthadvise sb (not) to do; advise doing; advise that …(should)+doOur teacher advised that we should study hard.41. ●affect vt. 影响, 深深打动，使悲伤等Smoking affects health. People were deeply affected by the death of Jin Zhengri.42. afford vt. 负担得起,抽得出(时间); 提供can/could/be able to afford sth/to do sth I can’t afford a book/to buy the book43. afraid a. 害怕的；担心be afraid to do 因为害怕不敢做…; be afraid of doing 害怕…She was afraid to go out alone at night. She was afraid of waking him up.44. against prep对着，反对, 靠着，迎着，衬着stand against the wall (靠墙站着) go against nature; be against sth 反对They are strongly against the plan. The pine tree were black against the morning sky.45. age n.年龄；时代vi. 变老for ages 多年; at an early age; at the age of … ;of the same age=of an age After his wife’s death he aged quickly.46. agree vi. 同意；应允1）agree with ①agree with sb / what you say/your opinion.②表示一致;“ (食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜”：The weather does not agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。

词汇（5）复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）【单句单词语法填空】1．After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ (accommodate) for the homeless families.2．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________ (solve)．3．After living in Quanzhou for five years, she had developed an ________ (affect) for the city.4．The police are trying to find out the ________ (identify) of the woman murdered in the bathroom.5．The Harry Potter books enjoy great ________ (popular); they are in great demand in this city.参考答案1.accommodation2.solution3.affection 4．identification 5.popularity核心单词1.cancel vt. 取消2.candidate n. 候选人，申请人3.canteen n. 餐厅；食堂4.capital n. 首都5.casual adj. 漫不经心的，不经意的，非正式的6.catalogue n. 目录7.cause n. 原因，起因vt. 促使，引起，使发生8.caution n. 谨慎，小心，警告9.cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的10.celebrate vt. 庆祝11.celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝会12.ceremony n. 典礼，仪式，礼节13.certificate n. 证明，证书14.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的15.champion n. 冠军16.chance n. 机会，可能性17.changeable adj. 易变的，变化无常的18.character n. (汉)字，字体；品格19.characteristic adj. 典型的，独特的20.circulate v. (液体或气体)环流，循环21.circumstance n. (pl.)情况，环境，形势；境况；境遇22.civilization n. 文明23.clarify v. 澄清，阐明24.classic adj. 经典的n. 名著25.classify v. 分类，归类重点短语1.blame sb for sth/doing sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对某事负责任2.bring down 让……降下来；使倒下bring up 培养；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐bring about 引起；产生；导致bring sth back 带回某物；使想起某事bring in 引入；赚(钱)bring out 使表现出；产出，出版；阐明【阅读理解】Grey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the BitterrootMountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; ＂high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow.＂ Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snowB. there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky MountainsD. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .A. has changed a lot since 1805B.is the meeting point of three culturesC. remains much the same as it was 200 years agoD. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably .A. two native IndiansB. explorers of the early 19th centuryC. merchants who did business with the IndiansD. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author .A. was attempting the impossibleB. was trying to set a world recordC. was following the trail of Lewis and ClarkD. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气、路程等的艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。

2015高考高频词汇必背及训练系列41.traditional adj.传统的，惯例的In traditional Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. 在传统的中国文化中，父母常常为儿女操办婚姻。

考点提示：tradition n．传统，常规，惯例follow/keep up the tradition 遵循传统break the tradition 打破传统according to tradition 据传统There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A．tradition B．balance C．concern D．Relationship完成句子：(1)The Mid­Autumn Day is a ________(传统的)festival of China.(2)“When in Rome，do as the Romans do”means we should follow the________(传统，惯例)of a country.2.include vt.(1)包含，包括Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.你的职责包括替我安排预约。

[剑桥高阶]The price includes postage charges.这个价钱包含邮资。

(2)把……列在里面，算入，计入include...in/on/among...He includes me among his friends.他把我当作朋友。

2015高考高频词汇必背及训练系列71.feature n．特征，特色The beautiful weather was a feature of our holiday.天气好是我们假期中的一大特点。

考点提示：(1)feature作“面容”讲时，单数表示面容的一部分。

Her eyes were her best feature.她的眼睛是她容貌中最漂亮的部分。

(2)feature作复数时，意为“面貌，相貌；特征；特色；特写，特辑”。

The software has no particular distinguishing features.这个软件没有什么突出的特色。

(3)feature可以作动词，意思为“给……以显著地位；由某人主演，演主角”。

This film features a new French actress.这部电影由一个法国新女星主演。

He didn't feature in that movie.他在该电影中未演主角。

make a feature of 以……为特色，给……以显要位置Wet weather is a________of life in this area.A．appearance B．feature C．mark D．design2.roof n．房顶We live under the same roof.我们住在一起。

The roof was nearly 20 feet high.顶部将近二十英尺高。

The wind blew off the roof.屋顶给风吹掉。

考点提示：roof的复数形式是roofs，以f结尾的词变为复数时只加“s”的词还有gulf(海湾)，chief(首长)，proof(证据)。

巧记：海湾的首长到屋顶上找证据。

ceiling/roof/top辨析ceiling：指天花板。

roof：指房顶。

top：指事物的最高点，可以指任何具体或抽象的事物。

2016年高考英语完形填空高频词汇大全动词类：1. “看”：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV;2. “说”：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; cha; repea; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain3. “叫”：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel4. “问”：ask; interview; express; question5. “答”：answer; respond; reply6. “听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing8. “哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying9. “吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to10. “穿”：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make-up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove11. “行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl12. “坐”：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat/ stand; lean13. “睡/休息”：lie /on one’s back/on one side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest14. “写”：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down15. “拿/放”：take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push16. “抓”：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch17. “打”：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack18. “扔”：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake19. “送”：send; deliver; give; offer; see off20. “摸/抱”：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms21. “踢/碰”：kick; knock; tip22. “找/查”：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for seek / seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect23. “得”：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess24. “失”：lose; be lost /be missing; gone; great loss25. “有”：have; own; conquer; occupy =possess26. “无”：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone27. “增/减”：rise / go up /drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease28. “买/卖”：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts29. “存在/消失”：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight30. “变化”：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without( negative adj.) turn + colour; change /change into; reform31. “成功/失败”：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality32. “努力”：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do ones best; do as much as one can to do33. 祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together34. 敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy /be jealousy35. 赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore37. 到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for38. 受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss39. 损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken40. 修复：repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself41. “认识的过程”：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to42. 认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt43. 想/考虑：think of…as; think about; consider; think over44. 支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against45. 花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ in doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.46. 省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away; spare no effort/ time47. 参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against48. 控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with49. 救治/帮助：help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth50. 逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide51. 阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit52. 对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle53. 效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn54. 爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode55. 安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with56. 追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with57. 建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do59. 似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like/ as if /as though60. 开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down名词类：1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off2旅游trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking3职务人员clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostessAssistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacherConductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard4餐馆/定餐/就餐inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin5诊所/看病/服药clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient6车站/机场airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.7身体部位arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist8意志will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy9才能/品质talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proudStrict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable10优缺点advantage disadvantage strength weakness11目标aim goal intention purpose belief faith12方式means method way manner approach13身体素质strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight14图表photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图15文章reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志diary日记Files form make a list of16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degreeSubject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks17 学校活动match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony18建议/观点advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation19气候/天气climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth20交通by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bikegive sb. a lift/ride21习惯habit custom get used to regular有规律的(形容词) practice惯例(名词)22感觉sight hearing touch smell sense23情感feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow24 财富money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off25 运动比赛on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/26衣服clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of27事件incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故形容词类1人的各种感受乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused悲sad unhappy painful bitter平静calm quiet silent/still peaceful烦bother bored be fed up with震惊surprised astonished shocked /amazed怕in fear be frightened /scared /afraid失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed满意be satisfied with /be content to do生气Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage2 表程度的副词类narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quiteAccidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by farFarther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus。

2015~2011年各省市高考题(改编)用适当的词或所给动词适当形式填空1。

(2015·浙江，7）Body language can give a lot about your mood，sostanding with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive。

解析句意：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪,因此双臂交叉站着则表示你具有防御性。

考查动词短语。

give away 泄露,符合语境。

答案away2.(2015·江苏,27)The university started some new language programs to caterthe country's Silk Road Economic Belt。

解析句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。

考查动词短语。

cater for 迎合，满足所需.答案for3。

(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo，and heseldom lets them down。

解析句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。

考查动词短语。

count on依靠,指望。

答案on4.(2015·湖北，25)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies hisability to communicate with foreigners in English.解析句意:毫无疑问,这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。

考查动词短语。

lie in在于……。

答案in5.（2015·湖北,26）Don’t worry。

I’m sure your missing glasses will turnsooner or later。

就算是 believe 中有个 lie,就算有wife心里也着if⋯甄教案，真高分！心想 impossible, 其藏着 possible, 如果曾 unhappy, 又保看吴高考英迅捷提分鼎分教案后不happy ？考生、体考生逆高分的最佳路径！尖子生的冲分的神奇密！迅捷提高 30 分，只需的复制！2016 年吴军高考英语完形填空 3 天迅捷提分秘术完形易经（高频答案词一本通）教案一、什么是完形易经高频答案词？就是从 1500 篇高考真题及模拟试题中，联通和移动出的 800-900 个高频答案词及其答案确认暗示词汇，是全国各省21 年高考英语出题者的最爱( 截止至 2015 年高考英语真题 )，也是吴军老师夜以继日11 年来最精华、最系统的总结 !2010 年某一天吴军老师随便抽出10 年的高考真题，惊奇的发现realize 和 recognize 竟然做了 37 次正确答案，延续到 2015 年高考也没有改变！〖 2015 北京卷〗 51. A. realize B. remember C. understand D. accept〖 2014 四川卷〗 19.A. supposed B. realized C. hoped D. pretended〖 2013 辽宁卷〗 55. A. imagined B. decided C. realized D. guessed〖 2011 浙江卷〗 29. A. recognized B. interviewed C. found D. invited〖 2010 全国Ⅰ 〗 47. A. recognize B. answer C . believe D . expect〖 2010北京卷〗 48. A. introduced B. recognized C . identified D . considered 〖 2010 全国Ⅰ 〗 51. A. realize B. suggest C . hope D . prove〖 2010 北京卷〗 49. A. confirmed B. decided C. realized D. acknowledged 〖 2009 辽宁卷〗 46.A. learned B. realized C. recognized D. admitted〖 2008 四川卷〗 35.A. realized B. apologized C. imagined D. explained〖 2005 北京卷〗 52.A. realized B. remembered C. imagined D. supposed〖 2005 浙江卷〗 39.A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize二、什么是暗示词汇？就是沈阳吴军老师总结的确认答案的关联词汇或暗示点！高频答案词 continue 的暗示点：与持续性时间状语词汇until, again, twice, over the years关联！〖 2014 山东卷〗Charlotte39to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.39. A. continued B. promised C. pretended D. dreamed〖 2008·四川卷〗 And so we27for another ten minutes, until __28 my daughter burst into tears, and 29that she was beaten.27. A. discussed B . continued C. counted D. argued〖 2008·全国 2 卷〗 Telling him that he no longer needed to 27them but I still needed to write them, I28until the day he graduated.28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued〖2005 重庆卷〗He naturally got out to ___42___ the wheels carefully, but he found nothing wrong, so he ___43___ his way. Again the noise began, ___44___ and became even louder.43. A. drove B. continued C. pushed D. forced〖2003 全国卷〗The sudden realization was painful. We ___ 16___ to play like two mad men.16. A. pretended B. stopped C. continued D. decided〖2002 全国卷〗 They __ _9___ to see each other around school, had lunch together once or twice, and then both ended up from the same high school.9. A . continued B. agreed C. forced D. offered〖 2001 全国卷〗 Over the years, the story of the Yetis has ___6___. In 1951, Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest.6. A. developed B. changed C. occurred D. continuedfind / watch / notice sb doing sth〖 2015 江苏卷〗 Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45he had one of his books with him as well.44.A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered〖2014 福建卷〗So it was with really great___40___that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and ___41___my 68-year-old father sweating in his shirt ___42_ __risingto play the piano in his very first recital.41.A. kept B. sent C . watched D. felt〖 2014 湖北卷〗 At the 31of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷 ) State Park, I32 a job advertisement hiring park hosts.32.A. sponsored B. published C . noticed D. answered〖 2014 山东卷 B〗Charlotte32 herself operating on damaged limbs and setting33 bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.32.A. helped B . found C. troubled D. imagined〖 2014 四川卷〗 This grouse came into our lives in13 Tom was working out in the field when he14 her walking around at the edge of the field.14.A. got B. kept C. noticed D. imagined〖 2005 全国卷 I 〗 Suddenly I ___36___ that a man sitting at a table near the window keptglancing in my direction, ___37___ he knew me.36.A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized〖2005 全国卷 I 〗 The man had a newspaper___38__in front of him, which he was __39___ to read, but I could __ 40__ that he was keeping an eye on me.40. A. see B. find C. guess D. learn〖 1990 全国卷〗 I suddenly __ _4___ that he was turning very pale. I sat ___5___, for I did not want to __6__ my sick sister.4. A. knew B. learned C. felt D. noticed随机抽易一本通中某个暗示点的几个高答案，你会秒答案易如反掌！表果as a result, after ⋯⋯ (several attempts), can ( be able to)，enough 等后面或完成或折 (but) ，中有高答案decide (decision ) =be determined ， manage ，eventually= finally(最后)，at least（至少）等近200 个，就上开始秒吧!有哪些全的高答案可以“傻瓜式”的秒呢？2016 年沈阳吴高考英高分密完形易和完形将您解密！〖2015 湖北卷〗 He thought of his bird with no__41 _and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was__42 _that he would not tell a lie.42.A.concerned B.amazed C.excited D.determined〖2014 新 II 〗Joe’s __30___was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. ___31____, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __ 32___.32. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision D. hold on〖 2014 北京卷〗 She had just been adopted by a family in town who37that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with american kids.37. A. reported B. decided C. complained D. questioned〖 2014 天津卷〗The question kept me 19 for the rest of the night I had said but “foryesthe”first time, I realized the 20 decisions adults had to make.20. A. poor B. timely C. final D. tough〖 2014 天津卷〗 Back home , I 29 myself that what my mother could do, I could , too. If she 30to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be31 . I learn how to take care of myself and set high but achievable 32.30. A. managed B. offered C. attempted D. expected〖 2014 安徽卷〗 Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring,but I38to catch a taxi to my39and settle in.38.A. intended B. promised C . managed D. deserved〖 2014 新课标 II 〗 He couldn ’t walk,but34he __ __to get out of the crevasse and startedto__35__towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __36___.34. A . managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped〖2015 广东卷〗 Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce __3__. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and ___ 4___ die.4. A . eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately〖2014 新课标 II 〗Joe’s __30___ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. ___ 31___, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __32___.31. A . Finally B. Patiently. C. Surely D. Quickly〖 2014 江苏卷〗Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 48 made it. This proved to be a 49 point in his life.48. A. hopefully B. certainly C . finally D. naturally〖 2014 四川卷〗24 Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom's leg and stay long enough for me to get a25 of the two of them together.24. A . Eventually B. Suddenly C. Constantly D. Presently〖2015 福建卷〗 I'm not suggesting you 51 problems, or that you pretend things are 52 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are —53most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big 54 .53． A .at least B.at last C.by far D.so far〖 2015 天津卷〗 Although her description sounded wonderful,the price was18our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 19 .19. A . at least B. at most C. at times D. at hand2016 年吴军高考英语高分密码完形易经暨高频答案词一本通教案到底是什么样的 ?下面将节选一小部分为您解谜(此处省略了解析和配套试题) ！名师吴军高频答案暗示点5same / differentsame,近替代：similar (名similarity); different (名difference), 近替代有：various 各种各的 ; separate 分开的 ;alone 独的 ; apart 分开地 ; change(able) 化 (的 )；new新的；special 特的； strange 奇怪的； unusual 不常的，与众不同的。

课时5 课标词汇5 与非谓语动词【课标词汇演练】Ⅰ.完成句子1．Last year，my total income，with my reward ____________，added up to15，000 yuan，which was not in proportion to what I did.去年我的总收入，加上奖金，总计为一万五千元，这与我的付出不成正比。

2．As usual，Tom gets up at 8 o'clock，drives 30 minutes on the road crowded with cars，begins his work at 9：00 and spends 10 hours in coping with various documents and goes home ____________ the moon and stars—a typical day for a white collar!如往常一样，汤姆8点起床，在拥挤的路上开半小时车，9点开始工作，花费10小时处理不同的文件，然后伴着星星和月亮回家——一个白领典型的一天。

3．The retired minister who likes the city life lives ____________ in a mountain village，but he doesn't feel ____________ because he has made friends with his digital camera.这位退休的部长喜欢远足，他独自一人住在一个偏僻的山村里，但并不觉得孤独，因为他有数码相机为伴。

4．—David has made so distinct progress in English recently that he can speak English fluently now. —So he has，and ____________．Congratulations on being enrolled in Harvard University.——最近David英语进步如此之快，他现在能流利地说英语了。

高考英语考纲词汇词形练习复习5( 1 ) 新近的，近来的，近来1. Our parents _________ celebrated their golden wedding anniversary.2. The growth of industry has been rapid in ________ years.( 2 ) 理由，原因，有道理的，合情合理的1. He had the wish to act quickly and _________ in an emergency.2. Your proposal sounds __________, but we’ll have to talk about it further.3. A __________ person is one who will listen to advice.4. He refused to give any __________ for his action.5. That is no __________ why you should leave.( 3 ) 革命，革命的，革命者1. The invention of the motor car has brought about a ________ in transport.2. He had himself taken part in the __________ movement there in 1831.3. His methods are quite __________.4. The ___________ are attacking the palace.( 4 ) 俄罗斯，俄国，俄国的，俄语，俄国人，俄语的，俄国人的1. Is __________ grammar easy to learn?2. The __________ love dancing.3. Do you know __________?4. __________ music is well-known.5. __________ lies on the north of China.( 5 ) 难过，悲哀，悲伤1. We were full of __________.2. He looked at her __________.3. Why is he looking so __________?4. Mary was __________ because she lost her money.( 6 ) 安全，平安1. They crossed the river _________.2. The streets aren’t __________ at night.3. The train is a __________ means of transportation.4. He was anxious about the __________ of the children.( 7 ) 令人满意，使满足，满足1. The story had a __________ ending.2. That answer won’t __________ her.3. Are you __________ now?4. Do you find much __________ in doing that sort of work?5. That certainly seems a ____________ explanation.( 8 ) 科学，科学的，科学家1. He hasn’t much knowledge of __________.2. There is a need for more __________ teachers.3. Some __________ study the movements of the stars.4. I’d like to see more __________ method used.( 9 ) 秘密，秘密的，秘书1. He dictated a letter to his __________.2. He left the town __________.3. He kept his illness __________ from his wife.4. One of the __________ of good health is regular exercise.( 10 ) 使分离，使分开，分离，分开，单独1. We __________ the good ones from the bad ones.2. The suite consisted of four ________ rooms.3. Are they joined together or __________?4. His __________ from his family made him very sad.答案：( 1 ) 1. recently 2. recent( 2 ) 1. reasonably 2. reasonable 3. reasonable 4. reason 5. reason( 3 ) 1. revolution 2. revolutionary 3. revolutionary 4. revolutionaries ( 4 ) 1. Russian 2. Russians 3. Russian 4. Russian 5. Russia( 5 ) 1. sadness 2. sadly 3. sad 4. sad( 6 ) 1. safely 2. safe 3. safe 4. safety( 7 ) 1. satisfying 2. satisfy 3. satisfied 4. satisfaction 5. satisfactory ( 8 ) 1. science 2. science 3. scientists 4. scientific( 9 ) 1. secretary 2. secretly 3. secret 4. secrets( 10 ) 1. separated 2. separate 3. separate 4. separation。

2016届年高考英语高频词汇必背及专项突破训练（2）及答案2015年高考高频词汇必背及训练系列21.suffer vt.& vi.suffer作及物动词，但无被动语态，宾语常是pain，loss，defeat，punishment，hardship等。

而suffer from表示“遭受……之苦，患某种疾病”。

(1)vt.遭受，经历This area suffered a great loss in the earthquake.这一地区在地震中遭受重大损失。

The Democrats suffered a crushing defeat in the last election.民主党在上次选举中遭遇了惨败。

He suffered great pain/no pain.他遭受了很大的痛苦/没遭受痛苦。

(2)vi.受苦；患病(常与from连用，意思为“因……而受苦，受……之苦”)【拓展】suffering n．痛苦；苦难，但指种种苦难、痛苦时常用复数。

He died without any suffering.他死时没有任何痛苦。

He told me all about his sufferings.他告诉我他所经历的种种苦难。

(1)He would rather________death than let out the secret.A．suffer B．suffer from C．be suffered D．be suffering(2)________such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river. A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．T o suffer D．Suffer2.pressure n．压，按；压力；艰难The team performs well under pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。

（新课标）2016高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破 book 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 新人教版Ⅰ.词汇与派生A．语境填词1．Most members of the committee were in favour of the suggestion；only a minority(少数)were against it.2．I bought a ring for my girlfriend as a souvenir(纪念品)．3．Every creature (生物) has its own way of life.4．Stop living in a fantasy (幻想) world.You should be realistic.5．Every week goes by with some advances (进展) in technology.6．We have taken effective measures to preserve(保护) our natural resources.7．The method you thought out just now is really very good，but I know this is not a(n) unique(独一无二的) method to solve the problem.8．His grandma spent her life doing good deeds(行为)，and was respected by everyone in the village.9．The Silk Road has a length (长度)of more than 4,000 kilometers and a history of 2,000 years. 10．Chaplin swung(挥舞)his stick in the air as he walked along the street.B．用所给词的适当形式填空11．There are various kinds of plants and animals in nature，which makes our life full of change and variety.(vary)12．He is a translator.He is translating a novel into English.He hopes it will be a faithful translation.(translate)13．She applied for admission to the university and after some examinations she was admitted to it finally.(admit)14．Many athletes join the athletic club，which often organizes different kinds of athletics.(athletic) 15．The strikers have reached a settlement with the employers.They were the first white settlers in this area.(settle)16．Thailand，a country that mainly depends on tourism，has become a popular destination with many tourists.(tour)17．City life holds few attractions for me；I don’t find it attractive at all.(attract)Ⅱ.短语运用A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空be famous for，be familiar with，be modelled after，come true，have fun，come to life18．People get together on New Year’s Eve，having fun with each other.19．The school came to life again as the new term began.20．We are planning a trip to Yuntai Mountain in Henan province，which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.21．It is clear that his painting style is modelled after that of Xu Beihong.22．Her wish to become a doctor has come true.23．He is familiar with the city because he is a native of it.B．用方框内所给短语填空face to face，no wonder，not only...but also...，in advance24．Tour guides for groups of over ten must be booked in advance.25．No wonder the children are excited—this is the first time they’ve been abroad.26．Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring or difficult work is unnoticed. 27．The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.Ⅲ.经典句式28．He hasn’t slept at all for three days.It is no wonder/No wonder he is tired out.他已经三天没睡觉了。

1.historical adj.历史的，有关历史的This is a historical event of China.这是中国的一个历史性事件。

historical/historic辨析historical：adj.通常表示和历史有关的、史学的或过去的。

historic：adj.通常表示历史上出名的或具有历史意义的。

This book is based on a historical event.这本书来源于历史事件。

Waterloo is a historic battlefield.滑铁卢战场是一个具有历史意义的战场。

用history的正确形式填空(1)We have no________evidence for it.单项填空(2)The________Nanchang Uprising is the symbol of our formal fight against the enemy. A．history B．historic C．historical D．historied2.pack(1)vt.& vi.捆扎，包装，挤满，塞满She packed her bags and left.她收拾好行李就动身了。

The room was packed with people.屋子里挤满了人。

(2)n.捆，包裹；一伙(人)，一帮(人)；大量，一大堆a pack of cigarettes＝a packet/a package of cigarettes一包香烟a pack of thieves一伙小偷a pack of lies连篇的谎话The workers________the glasses and marked on each box“This side up”．A．carried B．delivered C．pressed D．packed3.reject v．拒绝(接受)；废弃；摒弃We felt a bit embarrassed，as our offer was rejected.我们觉得有些尴尬，因为我们的提议被拒绝了。

高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、备考策略务必精准高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。

一是细化“作战地图”。

从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。

各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。

二是组织集体攻坚。

发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。

学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。

三是找准学科增分点。

认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。

英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。

二、课堂教学务必高效。

课堂是教育教学是主阵地。

高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。

一是上好微专题课。

春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。

这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。

高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。

微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。

（新课标）2016高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破 book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists 新人教版Ⅰ.词汇与派生A．语境填词1．A nurse attended(照料) to his needs constantly.2．She doesn’t want to expose(暴露) herself to the public，because she is a shy girl. 3．Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges(挑战) we face.4．Who is to blame(应负责任) for setting the house on fire?5．You must be cautious(小心的)when crossing the street.6．Have they announced(通告) when the plane will take off?7．How disappointed they were when their team was defeated(打败) by ours.8．Two policemen as well as an expert were sent to handle(处理) the complex case.9．Have you heard that Martin got severe(严重的) injuries in the traffic accident?10．Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure(治疗) toothache. 11．To my surprise，one of my most able students was rejected(拒绝) by the university.12．We must stop the pollution(污染) of our beaches.13．Kindness is one of his characteristics(特性)．B．用所给词的适当形式填空14．The laboratory animals have been infected with the bacteria，which is highly infectious.Any ofyou should avoid being exposed to infection.(infect)15．He was interested in science when young.After he grew up to be a scientist，he liked to do scientific experiments to test his ideas.(science)16．The teacher concluded from the evidence that she was wrong.And his conclusion proved to be right.(conclude)17．He infected a deadly bacteria last month，and died five days later.His death is a great loss to our career.(die)18．He moved to Beijing in 1988 and the movement proved to be important to the further development of his career.(move)19．As professional analysts，both of you must try to analyse the causes of the strike，and present a detailed analysis of the situation.(analyse)20．The old man often instructed us how to behave well in public and his instruction made a deep impression on us.(instruct)21．Many factories have been constructed in our city since last year，and a power station is under construction in the south.(construct)22．He didn’t know much about the subject，but he was very enthusiastic，and his enthusiasm made everyone else interested.(enthusiastic)23．It is universally agreed that the universe is endless.(universe)24．This work has absorbed him for several years.He seemed totally absorbed in his work.(absorb) 25．The writer personally contributed￥5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)Ⅱ.短语运用instead.27．—What do you think of the plan he put forward at the meeting?—Very good.But the most important is to put it into practice.28．It’s very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses without any protection.29．Your computer has been infected with a virus.30．After two months’negotiation，the dispute between these two countries finally came to an end. 31．His disappearance is being looked into by the police.32．Everybody thought that it was my carelessness that led to the disaster.33．We drew a conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door every day before going out or going to bed.34．If we make common efforts and cure us of carelessness，burglary will never happen again. 35．It is obvious that lung cancer is linked to heavy smoking.B．用方框内所给短语填空apart from，at times，with certainty36．Apart from your spelling，your composition is rather good.37．I can’t say with certainty where I’ll be next week.38．He went to the badminton club at times during his school days.Ⅲ.经典句式39．Every time I meet with difficulties in study，I solve it by myself.每次学习上碰到困难，我都是独自解决。

2016年参考高考英语阅读的高频词1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更2.burst vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v. 滑动,滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变,变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播,播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化,改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的d a. 温暖的,暖和的；温柔的,味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的n. 极端,过分41.agent n. 代理人,代理商；动因,原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达；实行work n. 网状物；广播网,电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织,编57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯,职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器,器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使,责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度73. exterior n. 外部,外表a. 外部的,外表的74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽79. decent a. 像样的,体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故,理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小,规模；等级；刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历,遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应,适合；改编,改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学101. organ n. 器官,风琴102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出104. expend v. 消费105. expenditure n. 支出,消费；经费106. expense n. 开销,费用107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的108. expand v. 扩大,扩张；展开,膨胀109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充；发展,膨胀110. private a. 私人的,个人的111. individual a. 个别的,单独的n. 个人,个体112. personal a. 个人的,私人的；亲自的114. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工；人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质a. 酸的；尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算,核算125. calendar n. 日历,月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的129. export n. 出口（物）v. 出口,输出130. import n. 进口（物）v. 进口,输入131. impose vt. 把...加强(on)；采用,利用132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者135. video n. 电视,视频a. 电视的,录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带v. 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍140. internal a. 内部的,国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射144. radical a.根本的；激进的145. range n. 幅度,范围v. （在某范围内）变动146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立148. issue n. 问题,争论点；发行,（报刊）一期149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道150. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地；足够152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着；遵守,坚持153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的；正当的156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的,始终如一的158. continuous a. 继续的,连续（不断）的159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸；爆发；激增161. exploit v. 剥削；利用,开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增164. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的166. removal n. 除去,消除167. render vt. 使得,致使167. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定171. identify n. 身份；个性,特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的174. resolve vt. 解决；决定,决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的178. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则,法规,密码180. coil n. 线圈v. 卷,盘绕191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到192. globe n. 地球,世界；地球仪193. global a. 全球的；总的194. scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻196. significance n. 意义；重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的198. virtue n. 美德,优点199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向n. 东方201. portion n. 一部分202. target n. 目标,靶子vt. 瞄准203. portable a. 手提式的204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝；下降205. illusion n. 错觉206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性207. stripe n. 条纹208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重209. emotion n. 情感,感情210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪（上）的211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的213. clue n. 线索,提示214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突215. device n. 装置,设备216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出217. inevitable a. 不可避免的218. naval a. 海军的219. navigation n. 航行220. necessity n. 必需品；必要性221. previous a. 先,前,以前的222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮；准备,设备,装置223. pursue vt. 追逐；追求；从事,进行224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的225. substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得227. discrimination n. 歧视；辨别力228. professional a. 职业的,专门的229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的230. security n. 安全,保障231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒232. talent n. 才能,天资；人才233. insurance n. 保险,保险费234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的237. spot n. 地点；斑点vt. 认出,发现；玷污238. spray v. 喷,（使）溅散239. medium a. 中等的,适中的n. 媒介物,新闻媒介240. media n. 新闻传媒241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的242. automatic a. 自动的243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛244. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的245. competition n. 竞争,比赛246. distribute vt. 分发247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍248. infer v. 推论,推断249. integrate v.（使）成为一体,（使）合并250. moist a. 潮湿251. moisture n. 潮湿252. promote vt. 促进；提升253. region n. 地区；范围；幅度254. register v./n.登记,注册255. stable a. 稳定的256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的；很复杂的257. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的258. cancel vt. 取消,废除259. variable a. 易变的,可变的260. prospect n. 前景,前途；景象261. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣262. aspect n. 方面；朝向；面貌263. cope vi. (with)（成功地）应付,处理264. core n. 果心,核心265. maintain vt. 维持,保持；坚持,主张266. mainland n. 大陆267. discipline n. 纪律；惩罚；学科268. domestic a. 本国的,国内的；家用的；家庭的269. constant a. 不变的,恒定的n. 常数270. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁271. authority n. 权威；当局272. audio a. 听觉273. attitude n. 态度274. community n. 社区,社会275. commit vt.犯（错误,罪行等）,干（坏事等）276. comment n./vt. 评论277. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别278. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤vt. 使痛苦279. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施；便利,方便280. faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科/院;全体教员281. mixture n. 混合,混合物282. mood n. 心情,情绪；语气283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的284. prominent a. 突出的285. substance n. 物质；实质286. substantial a. 可观的；牢固的；实质的287. prompt vt. 促使a. 敏捷的,及时的288. vivid a. 生动的289. vocabulary n. 词汇（量）；词汇表290. venture n. 风险投资,风险项目v. 冒险；取于291. version n. 版本,译本；说法292. waist n. 腰,腰部293. weld v./n. 焊接294. yawn vi. 打哈欠295. yield vi. (to)屈服于；让出,放弃n. 产量296. zone n. 地区,区域297. strategy n. 战略,策略298. strategic a. 战略（上）的,关键的299. tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态300. tension n. 紧张（状态）,张力301. avenue n. 林荫道,大街302. available a. 现成可用的；可得到的303. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔306. data n. 数据,资料307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格310. regulate vt. 管理,调节311. release vt./n. 释放,排放；解释解脱312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩；退缩315. subtract v. 减（去）316. suburb n. 市郊317. subway n. 地铁318. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测319. wealthy a. 富裕的320. adjust v. 调整,调节321. attach vt. 系,贴；使附属322. profit n. 利润,益处；v. 有益于,有利于323. profitable a. 有利可图的324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强326. reject vt. 拒绝327. fatal a. 致命的；重大的328. fate n. 命运329. humble a. 谦逊的；谦虚的330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的331. award vt. 授予,判给n. 奖品,奖金332. aware a. 意识到333. column n. 柱,圆柱；栏,专栏334. comedy n. 喜剧335. dumb a. 哑的；沉默的336. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒337. deaf a. 聋的；不愿听的338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜339. principal a. 最重要的n. 负责人,校长340. principle n. 原则,原理341. prior a. 优先的,在前的342. priority n. 优先,重点343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的345. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗346. repetition n. 重复,反复347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的348. undertake vt. 承担,着手做；同意,答应349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的350. obstacle n. 障碍（物）,妨碍351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的；奇数的352. omit vt. 省略353. opponent n. 敌手,对手354. opportunity n. 机会,时机355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队356. semester n. 学期；半年357. semiconductor n. 半导体358. seminar n. 研讨会359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的n. 终点360. territory n. 领土361. approximate a. 大概的,大约v. 近似362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的363. architect n. 建筑师364. architecture n. 建筑学365. biology n. 生物学366. geography n. 地理（学）367. geology n. 地质学368. geometry n. 几何（学）369. arithmetic n. 算术370. algebra n. 代数371. entertainment n. 娱乐；招待,款待372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心373. entry n. 进入,入口处；参赛的人（或物）374. environment n. 环境375. episode n. 插曲,片段376. equation n. 方程（式）377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制378. restraint n. 抑制,限制379. resume v. （中断后）重新开始380. severe a. 严重的381. sexual a. 性的382. simplicity n. 简单；朴素383. simplify vt. 简化384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛385. stuff n. 原料,材料vt. 填进,塞满386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱388. terror n. 恐怖389. thrust v. 挤,推,插390. treaty n. 条约,协定391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生；起身392. arouse vt. 引起,激起；唤醒393. burden n. 重担,负荷394. bureau n. 局,办事处395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的397. mature a. 成熟的398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动401. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的402. nucleus n. 核403. retail n./v./ad. 零售404. retain vt. 保留,保持405. restrict vt. 限制,约束406. sponsor n. 发起者,主办者vt. 发起,主办,资助407. spur n./vt. 刺激,激励408. triumph n. 胜利,成功409. tuition n. 学费410. twist vt. 使缠绕；转动；扭歪411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生412. universal a. 普遍的,通用的；宇宙的413. universe n. 宇宙414. via prep. 经由,经过,通过415. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆416. virus n. 病毒417. voluntary a. 自愿的418. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自愿（做）419. vote v. 选举n. 选票420. wagon n. 四轮马车,铁路货车421. appoint vt. 任命,委派422. approach v. 靠近,接近n. 途径,方式423. appropriate a. 适当的424. bunch n. 群,伙；束,串425. bundle n. 捆,包,束vt. 收集,归拢426. ceremony n. 典礼,仪式427. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱428. discount n. （价格）折扣429. display n./vt. 陈列,展览430. equivalent a. 相等的a. 相等物431. erect a. 竖直的v. 建造,竖立432. fax n./vt. 传真433. fertile a. 肥沃的；多产的434. fertilizer n. 肥料435. grateful a. 感激的436. gratitude n. 感激437. horror n. 恐怖438. horrible a. 可怕的439. Internet n. 国际互联网,因特网440. interpret v. 翻译,解释441. interpretation n. 解释,说明442. jungle n. 丛林,密林443. knot n. 结vt. 把...打成结444. leak v. 漏,渗出445. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠446. leap vi. 跳跃447. modify vt. 修改448. nylon n. 尼龙449. onion n. 洋葱450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的,适当的452. applicant n. 申请人453. breadth n. 宽度454. conservation n. 保存,保护455. conservative a. 保守的456. parallel n. 平行线；可相比拟的事物457. passion n. ,热情458. passive a. 被动的,消极的459. pat v./n. 轻拍,轻打460. peak n. 山峰,顶点461. phenomenon n. 现象462. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望464. relevant a. 有关的,切题的465. reliable a. 可靠的466. relief n. 轻松,宽慰；减轻467. reputation n. 名气,声誉468. rescue vt./n. 营救469. triangle n. 三角（形）470. sequence n. 连续；顺序471. shallow a. 浅的472. shiver vi/n. 发抖473. shrug v./n. 耸肩474. signature n. 签名475. sincere a. 诚挚的,真诚的476. utility n. 功用,效用477. utilize vt. 利用478. utter vt. 说出a. 完全的,彻底的479. variation n. 变化,变动480. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆481. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声482. appliance n. 器具,器械483. consent n. 准许,同意vi (to)准许,同意484. conquer vt. 征服485. defect n. 缺点,缺陷486. delicate a. 易碎的；娇弱的；精美的487. evolve v.演变488. evolution n. 演变,进化489. frown v./n. 皱眉490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧491. guarantee vt./n. 保证492. guilty a. 内疚的；有罪的493. jealous a. 妒忌的494. jeans n. 牛仔裤495. liquor n. 酒,烈性酒496.liter/litre n. 升497. modest a. 谦虚道498. molecule n. 分子499. orbit n. 轨道v. （绕...）作轨道运行500. participate v. (in)参与,参加501. particle n. 微粒502. particularly ad. 特别,尤其503. respond vi. 回答,答复；反应504. response n. 回答,答复；反应505. sensible a. 明智的506. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的507. tremble vi. 颤抖508. tremendous a. 巨大的；精彩的509. trend n. 趋向,倾向510. trial n. 审讯；试验511. apparent a. 显然的,明白的512. appetite n. 胃口；欲望513. deposit n. 存款,定金v.存放,储蓄514. deputy n. 副职,代表515. derive vt. 取得,得到；(from)起源于516. descend v. 下来,下降517. missile n. 导弹518. mission n. 使命；代表团519. mist n.薄雾520. noticeable a. 显而易见到521. notify vt. 通知,告知522. notion n. 概念；意图,想法523. resemble vt. 像,类似于524. reveal vt. 揭露525. revenue n. 收入,岁入；税收526. shelter n. 掩蔽处；住所527. shield n. 防护物,盾vt. 保护,防护528. vital a. 重要的；致命的,生命的529. vitally ad. 极度,非常；致命地530. urban a. 城市的531. urge vt. 鼓励,激励532. urgent a. 急迫的,紧急得533. usage n. 使用,用法536. violet a. 紫色的537. weed n. 杂草,野草538. welfare n. 福利539. whatsoever ad. （用于否定句）任何540. whereas conj. 然而,但是,尽管541. essential a. 必不可少的；本质的542. estimate n./vt. 估计,估量543. evaluate vt. 评估,评价544. exceed vt. 超过,越出545. exceedingly ad. 非常,极其546. exclaim v. 呼喊,大声说547. exclude vt. 把...排斥在外,不包括548. exclusive a. 读有的,排他的549. excursion n. 远足550. flash vi. 闪光,闪耀551. flee vi. 逃走552. flexible a. 易弯曲的553. flock n. 羊群,（鸟兽等）一群；一伙人554. hardware n. 五金器具555. harmony n. ,融洽556. haste n. 急速,急忙557. hatred n. 憎恶,憎恨558. incident n. 事件,事变559. index n. 索引,标志560. infant n. 婴儿561. infect v. 传染562. inferior a. 劣等的,次的,下级的563. infinite a. 无限的564. ingredient n. 组成部分565. inhabitant n. 居民566. jail n. 监狱567. jam n. 果酱；拥挤,堵塞568. jewel n. 宝石569. joint a.连接的；共同的570. junior a. 年少的；资历较浅的571. laser n. 激光572. launch vt. 发动,发起573. luxury n. 奢侈；奢侈品574. magnet n. 磁铁,磁体577. manual a. 用手的,手工做的n. 手册578. manufacture vt./n. 制造,加工579. marine a. 海的；海产的580. mutual a. 相互的581. naked a. 裸露的582. negative a. 否定的,消极的583. neglect vt. 忽视,忽略584. origin n. 起源,出身585. oval a. 椭圆形的n. 椭圆形586. outset n. 开始,开端587. presumably ad. 大概,可能588. prevail vi. 流行,盛行589. quit v. 停止590. quotation n. 引文,引语591. recreation n. 娱乐活动592. recruit vt. 招募,吸收（新成员）593. rival n. 竞争对手,敌手594. shuttle n. 梭子；航天飞机595. skim vt. 搬（去）,掠过；浏览596. sketch n. 草图；梗概597. slender a. 苗条的,修长的598. theme n. 主题599. textile n. 纺织品600. tropical a. 热带的,炎热的601. kneel vi. 跪602. label n. 标签604. mere a. 仅仅的,只不过的；纯粹的605. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西（或人）606. numerous a. 众多的,许多的607. parade n. v. 列队行进608. pants [pl.] n. 长裤；内裤609. partial a. 部分的610. passport n. 护照611. prescribe vt. 开药,吩咐采用...疗法612. primitive a. 原始的,早期的613. ridge n. 脊,山脊,埂614. ridiculous a. 可笑的,荒漠的615. rigid a. 严格的；僵硬的616. withstand vt. 经受,承受617. witness n. 目击者；证据vt. 注意到；证明618. withdraw v. 收回,撤销619. slippery a. 滑的620. smash vt. 粉碎,打烂621. snap n./vt. 折断,拉断；快照622. software n. 软件623. solar a. 太阳的624. lunar a. 月的,月球的625. submerge vi. 潜入水中626. submit vi.(to)屈服,听从627. timber n. 木材,原木628. tissue n. 组织；薄纱,手巾纸629. title n. 题目,标题630. tone n. 语气,音调631. drift vi. 漂,漂流632. drip n. 滴633. durable a. 耐用的,持久的634. duration n. 持续,持续期间635. dusk n. 黄昏,薄暮636. leather n. 皮革637. legislation n. 法律,法规；立法638. leisure n. 闲暇；悠闲639. loose a. 松的,宽松的640. loosen v. 解开,放松641. earnest a. 认真的,诚挚的642. earthquake n. 地震643. echo n. 回音,回声644. elaborate a. 精心设计的,复杂的645. elastic n. 橡皮圈（带）a. 有弹性的646. elbow n. 肘647. electron n. 电子648. volcano n. 火山649. volume n. 卷,册；体积,容量650. fatigue n. 疲劳,劳累651. faulty a. 有错误的,有缺点的652. favorable a. 称赞道；有利的,顺利的653. favorite a. 特别受喜欢的n. 喜爱的人或物654. gallery n. 画廊655. gallon n. 加仑656. gap n. 间隔,差距657. garbage n. 垃圾,废物658. gaze v. 凝视,注视659. gear n. 齿轮,传动装置660. gene n. 基因661. lest conj. 唯恐,免得662. liable a. 可能的,大概的；(to)易于...的663. liberal a. 自由得664. liberty n. 自由665. license /license n. 许可证,执照666. moisture n. 潮湿667. motivate vt. 激励,激发668. motive n. 动机,目的669. generate vt. 生成,产生（光、热、电等）670. genius n. 天才,天赋671. genuine a. 真的,真诚的672. gasoline n. 汽油673. germ n. 微生物,细菌674. gesture n. 姿势,手势675. giant a. 巨大的n. 巨人,巨物676. glimpse n. 一瞥,一看677. glory n. 光荣,荣誉678. glorious n. 光荣的,极好的679. golf n. 高尔夫球运动680. hydrogen n. 氢681. oxygen n. 氧682. hostile a. 敌对的,敌意大683. household n. 家庭,户684. hook n. 钩685. holy a. 神圣地,圣洁的686. hint n. 暗示,示意687. hesitate v. 犹豫688. highlight vt. 强调,突出689. hence ad. 因此,所以；今后,从此690. herd n. 兽群,牧群。