刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库(语音)【圣才出品】
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第2章语音
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The sound B. can be described with “_____, bilabial, stop”.(北二外2004研)【答案】voiced
【解析】/b/是双唇音,爆破音,浊音。
2. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of _____ and manner of articulation.(北二外2004研)
【答案】place
【解析】辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。
3. ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.(中山大学2006研)
【答案】Consonants
【解析】发音时,声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后,使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。
4. Voicing refers to the _____ of the vocal folds.(北二外2016研)
【答案】vibration
【解析】本题考查辅音发音过程中的清浊特征的定义。
若发音过程中,声带振动,则为浊辅音,反之则为清辅音。
5. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and _____ of articulation.(北二外2008研)
【答案】manner
【解析】辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。
6. ______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.(中山大学2005研)
【答案】Assimilation
【解析】同化指一个音具有了邻近音的一部分或者全部特征的这一过程,包括鼻化、齿化、鄂化。
7. Stress refers to the degree of ______ used in producing a syllable.(中山大学2006研)
【答案】force
【解析】重音指在音节发音时所用的力度。
8. In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of
the two phonemes/f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating _____.
【答案】minimal pairs
【解析】如果有两个词,它们除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外,其余的音都一样,那么这两个词就构成了一个最小的对立体,所以fail-veil是最小对立体。
9. In English there are a number of _____, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.
【答案】diphthongs
【解析】如果在发音时通过舌头的一次运动,由第一个单元音滑向第二个单元音,这样产生的音的组合就叫做双元音。
10. The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different
but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are _____.
【答案】allophones
【解析】同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。
因为变体是互补分布的,而且发音相似。
11. Phonetic similarity means that the _____ of a phoneme must bear some phonetic
resemblance.(中山大学2011研)
【答案】allophones
【解析】语音的相似性指一个音位的音位变体必须具备某些语音相似性。
Ⅱ. Multiple Choices.
1. All syllables contain a _____.(北二外2004研)
A. nucleus
B. coda
C. onset
【答案】A
【解析】一般的音节由节首、节核和节尾构成,一个音节中可以没有节首或节尾,但一定有节核。
2. Of the three cavities. _____ is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.(北二外2004研)
A. nasal cavity
B. pharynx cavity
C. oral cavity
【答案】C
【解析】在三大发音器官中,气流在口腔中受挤或转向从而产生不同的声音。
3. Of the consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, / f /, /m/, /z/ and /g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar?(对外经贸2005研)
A. /k/
B. /p/
C. /g/
D. /t/
【答案】A
【解析】/k/是清音,软腭音,爆破音;/t/是齿龈音,爆破音,清音;/g/是浊音,软腭音,爆破音,/p/是双唇音,爆破音,轻音。
4. The consonant (s) in the word “smile”can be described as:(对外经贸2006研)
A. voiceless; oral; alveolar; fricative
B. voiceless; nasal; bilabial; liquid
C. voiced; oral; alveolar; plosive
D. voiced; oral; bilabial; fricative
【答案】A
【解析】/s/是清音,摩擦音,齿龈音。
5. The vowel _____ is a low back vowel.(西安外国语学院2006研)
A. /i:/
B. /u/
C. /e/
D. /a:/
【答案】D
【解析】/a/是低元音,后元音,紧音。
6. The categories of consonant are NOT established on the basis of_____.(大连外国
语学院2008研)
A. manner of articulation
B. place of articulation
C. narrow transcription
【答案】C
【解析】划分辅音的两个根据是发音位置和发音方式。
7. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(南京大学2008研)
A. /f/
B. /z/
C. /ʒ/
D. /k/
(Focus on manner of articulation)
【答案】D
【解析】A、B、C都是摩擦音,但D是爆破音。
8. Which of the following is not a minimal pair?(对外经贸2006研)
A. (li:f) (fi:l)
B. (si:p) (zip)
C. (sai) (sei)
D. (keit) (feit)。