2019考研英语二词汇大纲表(一)

考研英语二大纲词汇1. abide v. 遵守，坚持2. absent a. 缺席的，缺乏的3. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的4. absorb v. 吸收，理解5. abstract a. 抽象的 n. 摘要6. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的7. abuse v. 滥用，虐待8. academy n. 学院，学会9. accelerate v. 加速，促进10. accessible a. 可接近的，可理解的11. accommodate v. 容纳，适应12. accompany v. 陪伴，伴随13. accomplish v. 完成，实现14. accordance n. 一致，符合15. accumulate v. 积累，堆积16. accurate a. 准确的，精确的17. accuse v. 控告，指责18. accustomed a. 习惯于的，适应的19. acknowledge v. 承认，感谢20. acquire v. 获得，学到21. acute a. 敏锐的，严重的22. adapt v. 适应，改编23. adjacent a. 邻近的，接近的24. adjust v. 调整，适应25. administration n. 管理，行政部门26. admire v. 钦佩，羡慕27. admit v. 承认，准许进入28. adopt v. 收养，采纳29. adult n. 成年人 a. 成年的30. advance v./n. 推进，进步31. advantage n. 优势，有利条件32. advertise v./n. 做广告，宣传33. affection n. 爱慕，感情34. afford v. 提供，负担得起35. agency n. 机构，代理处36. agenda n. 议程，待议事项37. agent n. 代理人，特工人员38. aggressive a. 侵略性的，好斗的39. aid n./v. 帮助，援助40. alleviate v. 减轻，缓解41. allocate v. 分配，部署42. ally n./v. 结盟，支持43. alternative a./n. 可选择的，替代物44. ambition n./v. 雄心壮志，追求45. amend v./n 修改，修正46. analogy n./v 类比,相似关系47 .annual adj/n 一年生的/ 年报48 .apparatus n 设备,装置,仪器,器官49 .apparent adj 表面上的,显然的,未必真实的50 .append vt/vi附加,增添,贴上。

2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phone 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can`t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 ,even in dense forest, you should able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 ,assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A] Some[B] Most[C] Few[D] All2. [A] put[B] take[C] run[D] come3. [A] Since[B] If[C] Though[D] Until4. [A] formally[B] relatively[C] gradually[D] literally5. [A] back[B] next[C] around[D] away6. [A] onto[B] off[C] across[D] alone7. [A] unattractive[B] uncrowded[C] unchanged[D] unfamiliar8. [A] site[B] point[C] way[D] place9. [A] So[B] Yet[C] Instead[D] Besides10.[A] immediately[B] intentionally[C] unexpectedly[D] eventually11.[A] surprised[B] annoyed[C] frightened[D] confused12.[A] problem[B] option[C] view[D] result13.[A] Above all[B] In contrast[C] On average[D] For example14.[A] bridge[B] avoid[C] spot[D] separate15.[A] form[B] through[C] beyond[D] under16.[A] posts[B] links[C] shades[D] breaks17.[A] artificial[B] mysterious[C] hidden[D] limited18.[A] Finally[B] Consequently[C] incidentally[D] Generally19.[A] memories[B] marks[C] notes[D] belongings20.[A] restrict[B] adopt[C] lead[D] exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpo se of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance .Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism，” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the[A]. enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility[B]. help corporations achieve larger profits[C]. build a new system of financial regulation[D]. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate[A]. the conditions for generating quick profits[B]. governments’ impatience in decision-making[C]. the solid structure of publicly traded companies[D]. “short-termism” in economic activities23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be[A]. indirect [B]. adverse [C]. minimal [D]. temporary24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate[A]. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.[B]. the significance of long-term thinking.[C]. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.[D]. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism[B]. Patience as a Corporate Virtue[C]. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives[D]. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”—is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar, “we see students achi eve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well. For public instituti ons, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?[A]. The change of course catalogs.[B]. Students’ indifference to GPAS.[C]. Colleges’ neglect of GPAS.[D]. The influence of consumer culture.27.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?[A]. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.[B]. To maintain colleges’ graduation rates.[C]. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.[D]. To increase universities' income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges to[A]. obtain more financial support.[B]. boost their student enrollments.[C]. improve their teaching quality.[D]. meet local governments' needs.29.What does the phrase “to be aligned”(Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mea n?[A]. To counterbalance each other.[B]. To complement each other. [C].To be identical with each other.[D]. To be contradictory to each other.30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by[A]. assessing its feasibility.[B]. analyzing the causes behind it.[C]. comparing different views on it.[D]. listing its long-run effects.Text 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy Al” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develo p Al-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31.Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because i t[A]. fascinates Al scientists all over the world.[B]. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.[C]. involves some concerns raised by Al today.[D]. has sparked serious ethical controversies32.In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of c onsciousness[A]. helps explain artificial intelligence.[B]. can be misleading to robot making.[C]. inspires popular sci-fi TV series.[D].is too limited for us to reproduce it33.T he solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles[A]. can hardly ever be found.[B].is still beyond our capacity.[C]. causes little public concern.[D]. has aroused much curiosity.34.The author's attitude toward Google's pledges is one of[A]. affirmation[B]. skepticism.[C]. contempt[D]. respect.35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]. Al’s Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants[B]. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of Al[C]. The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable[D]. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of ControlText 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the pre vious decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited state’' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-stat e sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”36.The Supreme Court decision Thursday will[A]. Dette business’ revolutions with states[B]. put most online business in a dilemma[C]. make more online shoppers pay sales tax[D]. force some states to cut sales tax37.It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decision[A]. have led to the dominance of e-commerce[B]. have cost consumers a lot over the years[C]. were widely criticized by online purchases[D]. were consider unfavorable by states38.According to Justice Anthony Kennedy , the physical presence rule has[A]. hindered economic development .[B]. brought prosperity to the country[C]. harmed fair market competition[D]. boosted growth in states’ revenue39.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court ruling[A]. Internet enterpreneurs [B]. Big-chair owners[C]. Third-party sellers [D]. Small retailers40.In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the a uthor[A]. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences[B]. describes the long and complicated process of its making [C].presents its main points with conflicting views on them[D]. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implicationsPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments –from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding---then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.B.Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the oppsite side.C.None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their r eplies.D.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like, say, tennis games. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why somany people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.E.In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: "There is only one way...to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. "This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F.These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.G.There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,”and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer p eople for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.41. →42.→ F→ 43. → 44.→ C→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled ‘The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and impor tant question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: 47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. 49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. 50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when takenup by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.47)Nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publication or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions：Suppose you are working for the “Aiding rural Primary School” project of your university write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52.Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly2)interpret the meaning and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points )2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1、【答案】C. Few 【试题考点】词义辨析和上下文语境【解析】此题词义辨析和上下文语境。

2019考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（43）1 geography n.地理(学)2 geology n.地质(学)3 geometry n.几何(学)4 germ n.微生物,细菌5 gesture n.姿势,姿态,手势 v.做手势6 get v.获得，得到;使，使得;变得，成为;到达7 ghost n.鬼魂,幽灵8 giant n.巨人 a.巨大的9 gift n.礼品,赠品;天赋,才能10 gigantic a.巨大的,庞大的11 giggle vi./n.痴笑;咯咯地笑 vt.咯咯地笑着说12 girl n.少女，姑娘，女孩;女职员13 give v.给，授予;供给;献出，让步;捐赠;发表14 glad a.高兴的，快活的;乐意的，情愿的15 glamor n.(glamour)魅力;魔法 vt.迷惑16 glance v.(at,over)扫视 n.匆匆看,一瞥,一眼17 glare vi.怒目而视;发射强光 n.强光;怒视;炫耀18 glass n.玻璃;玻璃杯;镜子;(pl.)眼镜19 glide n./v.溜,滑行;(时间)消逝20 glimpse n./v.一瞥,瞥见21 glitter n.光辉,灿烂 v.闪闪发光;闪耀22 global a.球形的;世界的,全世界的;全面的23 globe n.球体,地球仪;地球,世界24 gloomy a.阴暗的,阴沉的,令人沮丧的,阴郁的25 glorious a.壮丽的,辉煌的;光荣的26 glory n.光荣,荣誉27 glove n.手套28 glow v.发热,发光,发红 n.白热29 glue n.胶,胶水 v.胶合,粘贴30 go v.去，离开;走;放置;变成;运转 n.围棋31 goal n.目的,目标;守门员,球门;进球32 goat n.山羊33 god n.上帝(小写god泛指所有的“神，神像”)34 gold n.金，黄金;金币;金黄色 a.金的，金制的35 golden a.金黄色的;贵重的,极好的36 golf n.高尔夫球37 good a.好的;善良的;擅长的;乖的 n.好处;利益38 goodby int.(goodbye)再见39 goodness n.善良，仁慈;(食物等)精华 int.天哪40 goods n.(pl.)货物，商品41 goose n.(pl.geese)鹅,雌鹅,鹅肉42 gorgeous a.华丽的;灿烂的;美丽的;宜人的;棒的43 gossip n./v.(说)闲话,闲聊44 govern v.统治,管理;决定,支配45 government n.政府,内阁;管理,支配;政治,政体46 governor n.统治者,管理者,总督,州(省)长47 gown n.长袍，特殊场合穿的长服48 grab v./n.(at)抓(住);夺(得)49 grace n.优美,文雅;恩惠,恩泽;宽限,缓刑;感恩祷告50 graceful a.优美的,文雅的,大方的。

【导语】词汇量不仅可以当做衡量语⾔的标准，⽽且对考试成绩也很重要。

以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语常⽤动词_名词_副词_形容词词缀【五篇】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】 1 ubl， bili=able，表⽰“能⼒” able a 能够的 ability n 能⼒ habilitate v 装备;使具备能⼒(h可看作have+abilit+ate→有能⼒→使具备能⼒) rehabilitate v 修复，翻新;使健康;改造(犯罪)(re重新+hubiliate具备能⼒) debilitate v 削弱⼒量，使衰弱(de去掉+abilit+ate→去掉能⼒→使衰弱) debility n 体弱，虚弱(de去掉+ability能⼒) 2 agog=lead，表⽰“引导” demagogue n 煽动者(dem⼈民+agogue→引导⾁民者→煽动者) pedagoue n 教师(ped⼉童+agogue→引导⼉童者→教师) agog a 渴望的，热⼼的(引导⼈往前⾛的⼼情→渴望的) 3agon=struggle，表⽰“挣扎，⽃争” agony n 痛苦 agonize v 感到苦恼(agon+ize) antagonize v 反对，对抗(ant[=anti反]+agon+ize→反过来⽃争→对抗) antagonist n 对⼿(ant[=anti反]+agon+ist→反过来⽃争之⼈→对⼿) 4 alb = white，表⽰“⽩⾊” albsecent a 发⽩的(alb+escent产⽣……的→产⽣⽩的) albino n ⽩化病(alh+ino表⽰某种病) album n 相册;集邮册(alb+um表⽰物→空⽩的东西→⽤来放东西的册⼦) 5 alg=pain，表⽰“痛” neuralgia n 神经病(nrur神经+alg+ia→神经痛的病) nostalgia n 思乡病(nost家+alg+ia→想家) analgesic n ⽌痛药(an⽆+alg+esic药物→⽆痛药物→⽌痛药) 6，alt=high，表⽰“⾼” altitude n ⾼度(alt+itude表名词) altimeter n ⾼度计(alri+meter测量计) alto n 男⾼⾳(alt+o) altar n 祭坛(alt+ar→⾼出的东西→祭坛) exealt v 升⾼，赞扬(ex出+alt→⾼出来→升⾼;赞扬) exalted a ⾼贵的;被赞扬的 7 ampl = large，表⽰“⼤” ample a 宽⼤的;充⾜的 amplify v 放⼤，扩⼤(ampl+ify表动词→扩⼤) amplitude n ⼴⼤，宽阔(ampl+itude表名词) 8anci，antiq=old，表⽰“古⽼” ancient a 古代的(anci+ent) ancientry n 古旧;古代事物(ancient古代的+ry表名词) antique a 古代的 n.古物 antiquated a 陈旧的(antique+ated) antiquity n 古旧，古代(antique古代的+ity) 9andro=male，man 表⽰“男⼈” aoderogynous a 不男不⼥的(andro+gyn妇⼥ous) android n 机器⼈ polyandry n ⼀妻多夫制(poly多+andry男⼈) 10arbit(r)=judge，表⽰“判断” ablter n 仲裁⼈;泰⽃(arbit+er表⽰⼈) arbirary a 武断的(arbitr+ary→做出[⾃⼰的]判断→武断的) arbitrate v 仲裁，公断(arbitr+ate) 11 arc(h)=bow，表⽰“⼸” archer n ⼸箭⼿(arch+er⼈) arch n 拱形 arcade n 连拱廊(arc+ade表名词，如cascade瀑布) 12，arm=weapon，表⽰“武器” armada n 舰队(arm+ada表名词，通常表⽰群体) arstice n 休战;停战条约(armi+stice[=stand停⽌]→武器停⽌→休战) armor n 盔甲(arm+or) disarm v 解除武器(dis去掉+arm→去掉武器) armament n 军队;兵器(arm+a+ment→武器→兵器) 13 aug =increase，表⽰“增加” augment v 增⼤(aug+ment) auction n 拍卖(auct[=aug]+ion[价钱]扩⼤→拍卖) august a 威严的 august n ⼋⽉(⼋⽉是⽔果长⼤的季节) augury n 预兆，征兆(augu+ry→[使事态扩⼤的]预兆，augur愿意是“鸟”的意思，古⼈根据看到什么“鸟”来做出预料) 14 balm=balsam，表⽰“⾹油” balm n ⾹油;安慰物 balmy a 芬芳的;温和的(balm+y) embalm v 保存⼫体;铭记(em进⼊+balm→古⼈⽤⾹油等保存⼫体，引申为铭记) 15，ban=prohibit，表⽰“禁⽌” ban n 禁⽌;禁令 banal a 平庸的;陈腐的(ban+al→被禁⽌的→陈腐的 ) banish v 流放，驱逐出境(ban+ish表动词→禁⽌⼊境→驱逐) abandon v 抛弃，放弃(a不+ban+don给予→不禁⽌给出去→放弃) 16bar=weight表⽰“重，压” baric a ⽓压的 barometer n ⽓压针(baro+meter计量器) baritone n 男中⾳(bari+tone声⾳→压下去的声⾳→男中⾳) 17barr=sticj，表⽰，“捧，栏” barrage n 阻塞，遮断(barr+age表名词→⽤捧拦住→阻塞) barricade n 障碍物(barr+ic+ade表名词) barrier n 栅栏(barr+ier) embarrass v 使发育，使难堪(em进⼊+barr+ass表名词→被拦住→使难堪) 18 bat=beat，表⽰“打，击” batter v 连续猛打(bat+ter常表⽰连续动作，如stutter⼝吃) abate v 减少，减轻(a不bat+e→不再打击→减轻[痛苦]等) debate v 辩论，讨论(de加强+dat+e→加强打击→反驳，辩论) rebate v 减少;回扣(re回+bat+e→打回去的[东西]→回扣) combat n 战⽃(com共同+bal→共同→共同打→战⽃) baton n 棍，警棍(bat+on) battle n 战⽃(batt+le) battalion n 营(batt+alion表名词→打的[队伍]→部队的营) 19 biblio=book，表⽰“书” bibliography n 书⽬提要(biblio+araphy学科→书的学科→书⽬提要) bibliophile n 藏书家(biblio+phile爱→爱书的⼈) Bible n 圣经 biblophobla n 憎恶书籍(biblio+phob恨+ia病→恨书的病) 20，blanc=vwhile 表⽰“⽩” blank a 空⽩的(blanc的变体) blanket n 毯⼦(blank+et→⽩⾊[织物]→靴⼦) blanch v 漂⽩，发⽩(blanc的变体)【第⼆篇】 21brace=two arms ，表⽰“两臂” brace v ⽀持，使坚固的 n. ⽀持物 bracelet n ⼿镯(brace+let⼩东西→带在⼿上的⼩东西→⼿镯) embrace v 拥抱;包括(em进⼊+brace→进⼊两臂→拥抱) 22braid = twist，表⽰“扭” braid v 编成辫⼦ upbraid v 叱骂，谴责(up向上+braid→向上扭→扭住不放→叱骂) embroidery n 刺绣(em使+broid[=braid]+ery→使[线]扭在⼀起→刺绣) 23，bu=ox，表⽰“⽜” bull n 公⽜ bully v 欺负(别⼈)(象公⽜⼀样吓唬别⼈) bucolic a 牧场的，⽥园的(buc+olie表形容词) buffalo n 公⽜(可能是bull的变体) bugle n 军号，喇叭(bull+angle的组合) 24 calc=stone，表⽰“⽯头” calculate v 计算(calc+ulate) calcfy n 钙化;僵化(calc+ify) recalcitrant a 顽固的;不服从的(re重新+|calc+itrant表形容词→重新变成⽯头顽固的) calcium n 钙(cale+ium表名词，常指化学元素，如;alu-nium铝) 25 calori=heat，表⽰“热” calorie n 热卡 calorify v 加热(calor+ify表动词) calorifacient a ⽣热的(calori+fac做+ient→做出热→⽣热的) 26camp = field 表⽰“⽥野” camp n 营地 campus n 校园(camp+us) encamp v 宿营(en进⼊+camp营地) campaign n 战役(camp+aign名词后缀→营地→战役) 27 car，char=dear，表⽰“可爱的” caress v /n.爱抚，拥抱 charity n 慈爱(char+ity) charitable a 慈善的(charity+able能…..的) cherish v 珍爱(cher[=char]+ish表动词，如finish) 28。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语试题（二）参考答案
Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1-5: DABBD
6-10: B ADCA
11-15:ADBAC
16-20:DCADA
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60
points) Part A (40 points)
21-25: 26-30: CBDBD DDBAC
31-35: CDBAB
36-40: BBDDC
Part B (10 points)
41-45:A-D-C-G-F
Part C (10 points)
我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。

他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风格，有人认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。

很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没时间。

”说起来容易，做起来难。

然而与大家通常所想的不同，正如吉米·哈利所言，他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏”并非易事。

显然，即便他极具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且经过润色之后才得以形成的。

与大多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚定了他获取成功的决心。

他生命中所取得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。

他在文学领域的成功也不例外。

2019考研英语词汇：必背5500词（19）652. cage [keid] "n.笼,鸟笼;牢房,监狱"653. cake [keik] n.饼，糕，蛋糕;扁平的块状物654. calcium ['klsim] n.钙(化学符号Ca)655. calculate ['klkjuleit] "v.计算,推算;计划,打算"656. calendar ['klind] "n.日历,月历"657. call [k：l] vt.叫，喊;打电话 vi.叫;访问 n.叫;号召658. calm "[kɑ：m, kɑ：lm]" "a.(天气,海洋等)静的 n.平静v.(使)平静"659. calorie ['klri] n.卡路里(食物所产生的热量或能量单位)660. camel ['kml] n.骆驼661. camera ['kmr] "n.照相机,摄影机"662. camp [kmp] "n.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营 v.设营,宿营"663. campaign [km'pein] n.战役;运动664. campus ['kmps] n.(大学)校园665. can "[强kn, 弱kn]" aux.v.能;能够 n.罐头;容器 vt.把„装罐666. canal [k'nl] n.运河;(沟)渠667. cancel ['knsl] "v.取消,把„作废;删去,划掉"668. cancer ['kns] n.癌669. candidate "['kndideit, -dt]" "n.候选人,候补者;报考者"670. candle ['kndl] n.蜡烛671. candy ['kndi] n.糖果，vt.用糖煮672. cannon ['knn] "n.大炮,火炮"673. canoe [k'nu：] "n.独木舟,小游艇"674. canteen [kn'ti：n] n.(工厂、办公室等)食堂或小卖部675. canvas ['knvs] n.帆布;帆布画布，(帆布)油画676. cap [kp] "n.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套 v.覆盖于„顶端"677. capable ['keipbl] "a.有本领的,有水平的;(of)能够„的,能„的"678. capacity [k'psti] "n.容量,容积;能量,水平;接受力"679. cape [keip] n.海角，岬;披肩，短披风680. capital ['kpitl] "n.首都;大写字母;资本 a.主要的,大写字母的"681. capitalism ['kpitlizm] n.资本主义682. capsule ['kpsju：l] n.胶囊;太空舱683. captain ['kptin] "n.首领,队长;船长;上尉 v.做„的首领,指挥"684. captive ['kptiv] "n.俘虏 a.被俘虏的,被监禁的"685. capture ['kpt] "v./n.捕获,俘虏;夺得,攻占"686. car [kɑ：] n.汽车，车辆，车;(火车)车厢687. carbohydrate "[,kɑ：bu'haidreit]" n.碳水化合物; 糖类;(plural)淀粉质或糖类688. carbon ['kɑ：bn] n.碳689. card [kɑ：d] "n.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片"690. cardinal ['kɑ：dinl] n.(天主教的)红衣主教 a.首要的，基本的691. care [kε] "n.小心;关怀,照料 v.(about)关心,介意,计较"692. career [k'ri] n.(个人的)事业;专业，生涯，职业，经历693. careful ['kεful] "a.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的"694. caress [k'res] vt./n.爱抚，抚摸695. cargo ['kɑ：ɡu] "n.船货,货物"696. carpenter ['kɑ：pnt] "n.木工,木匠"697. carpet ['kɑ：pit] n.地毯698. carriage ['krid] n.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢699. carrier ['kri] n.搬运人;载体700. carrot ['krt] n.胡萝卜。

2019年考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（41） 2018考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（41）1 found vt.建立;创立;创办;使有根据;铸造;熔制2 foundation n.基础,根本,建立,创立;地基,基金,基金会3 fountain n.泉水,喷泉,源泉4 four num.四 pron./a.四(个，只...)5 fourteen num.十四，十四个6 fox n.狐狸7 fraction n.碎片,小部分,一点儿;分数8 fracture n.裂缝(痕);骨折 v.(使)断裂,(使)折断9 fragile a.易碎的，脆的，易损坏的;虚弱的，脆弱的10 fragment n.碎片,小部分,片断11 fragrant a.香的;芬芳的12 frame n.框架;体格;骨架;组织;机构 v.设计;制定13 framework n.构架;框架;结构;组织;机构14 frank a.坦白的,直率的15 fraud n.欺诈，诈骗;欺骗(行为);骗子;假货16 free a.自由的;免费的;免税的;空闲的 vt.释放17 freedom n.自由,自主,免除,特权18 freeze v.使结冰,使凝固19 freight n.货物,货运,运费20 frequency n.频率,周率21 frequent a.时常发生的,频繁的22 fresh a.新鲜的,无经验的23 friction n.磨擦,摩擦力24 Friday n.星期五25 fridge n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱26 friend n.朋友27 friendly a.友好的,友谊的28 friendship n.友谊,友好29 fright n.恐怖30 frighten v.使惊恐31 fringe n.边缘;(窗帘)缘饰;额前垂发 vt.饰…的边32 frog n.蛙33 from prep.从，自从;因为;离;根据，按;去除34 front a.前面的,前部的 n.正面;前线,战线 v.面对35 frontier n.国境,边境;尖端,新领域36 frost n.霜,霜冻,严寒37 frown v.皱眉38 fruit n.水果,果实;成果,效果39 fruitful a.多产的;果实累累的,富有成效的40 frustrate vt.挫败,阻挠,使灰心41 fry v.油煎,油炸42 fuel n.燃料 vt.给…加燃料43 fulfill v.(fulfil)完成,履行,实践,满足44 full a.(of)满的,充满的 a./ad.完全,充分45 fume n.(浓烈或难闻的)烟，气，汽46 fun n.玩笑,娱乐;有趣的人(或事物)47 function n.功能,作用;(pl.)职务;函数 v.起作用48 fund n.资金,基金;存款,现款;(知识等的)累积49 fundamental a.基础的,基本的 n.(pl.)基本原则,基本原理50 funeral n.丧葬,葬礼。

2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题完整版附答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says A mrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A）regulate a child's basic emotionsB）improve a child's intellectual abilityC）foster a child’s moral developmentD）intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A）deceptiveB）burdensomeC）addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awarenessthat______.A）emotions are context-independentB）emotions are socially constructiveC）emotional stability can benefit healthD）an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By s aying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. Califo rnia’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predo minantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store orquitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Yo unger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSW ER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, re adable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so ea sily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an ab undance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the re sult of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard w ay and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instea d. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详细解析1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。

2019考研英语（二）真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution[D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting[D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert usto important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’sself-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turnon how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A)regulate a child's basic emotionsB)improve a child's intellectual abilityC)foster a child’s moral developmentD)intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A)deceptiveB)burdensomeC)addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.A)emotions are context-independentB)emotions are socially constructiveC)emotional stability can benefit healthD)an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a millionacres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps,such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One theirown, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, orbanning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think thatanyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。

2013年考研英语大纲新增词汇详解accustomvt.使习惯于(to)：~ oneself to rising early使自己习惯于早起 / ~ sb. to sea life使某人习惯于海上生活 / ~ one's ears to the din使自己的耳朵适应喧闹声alienatevt.1使疏远，使不友好；离间；The management must never become ~d from the employees.管理层决不能脱离员工。

2【律】转让，让渡（财产等）3使转移；使转向▷alienator n.allegiancen.1（对国家、政府、事业、个人等的）忠诚；效忠，忠贞：give ~ to效忠于2（臣子对君主的）臣服义务3（侨民对所居国政府的）效忠义务apen.1无尾猿；类人猿2猴3粗野的大汉4模仿者，学样的人vt. 模仿，学…的样adj. 〈口〉疯狂的；狂热的◇go ~〈口〉发疯；变得狂热：go ~ over a girl为一个姑娘神魂颠倒▷apelike adj. / aper n.archaeologyn.1考古学2（某民族的）文化遗迹，古迹▷archaeological adj. / archaeologically adv. / archaeologist n. / archaeologize vi.bailn.【律】保释金；保释人；保释；accept (或refuse) ~ 准许（不准许）保释vt.1、保释（某人）；（法官）将（在押犯）交保释放2 、托付（财务）~ out 1保释：~ sb. out保释某人 2帮助（某人）脱离困境；从困境中摆脱出来 / forfeit ~ 保释后不出庭候审 / go (stand) ~ for 做…的保释人；为…提供保释金 / hold sb. to ~ 拘留某人直至交保 / jump ~〈口〉=forfeit ~ / on ~ 交保后：be out on ~ 在保释中 / post ~ 缴纳保释金 / save (surrender to) one's ~ 保释后如期到庭受审bailn. 戽斗，桶（用来舀出船舱里的水）vt. 舀（水）；从（船）中舀水(out)：~ (out) the boat（或~water out of a boat）舀出船舱里的水vi. 舀出船舱里的水◇~ on〈美口〉让…失望 / ~ out 1（从飞机上）紧急跳伞2畏难而去▷bailer n.bail1[~s]【史】（城堡的）外层防卫桩；栅栏2（厩内的）横栏3（板球的）三柱门上的横木4〈澳〉（挤乳时）扣住母牛头部的闸架◇~ up〈澳〉1（挤乳时）用闸架扣住（母牛）的头部 2拦路抢劫 3〈口〉（尤指为交谈而）拦住，强行留住（某人）bailn.1(车棚等)半圆形棚架2（壶、桶等的）半圆形拎环3（打字机上的）压纸杆blog n. 博客，网络日志botany n.1植物学2[总称]（某地区的）植物buzzn.1嗡嗡声，蜂音2嘁嘁喳喳，噪杂声3〈口〉流言谣言4（蜂鸣器等发出的）信号声5〈口〉电话：give sb. a ~ 给某人打电话6骚动7〈美口〉（吸毒或饮酒产生的）陶醉感；兴奋vi.1（蜂等）嗡嗡叫，（机器等）营营响2用蜂鸣器发出信号3忙碌，忙乱；急行：~ about (或around)到处奔忙 / ~ along匆忙走过4嘁嘁喳喳；说闲话；充满低沉嘈杂的声音vt.1使嗡嗡叫，使营营响2用蜂鸣器传呼；〈口〉给…打电话3私下说出（或传播）；嘁嘁喳喳地表示；私下告诉（某人）：~ a rumour暗中散播谣言 / The committee ~ed itsindignation. 委员们异口同声表示愤慨。

2019年考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（64）1 nap n.小睡,打盹2 napkin n.餐巾,餐巾纸,尿布3 narrative a.叙述性的 n.叙述4 narrow a.狭窄的,狭的,狭隘的5 nasty a.肮脏的,卑劣的,下流的;令人厌恶的6 nation n.民族,国家7 national a.民族的,国家的,国立的8 nationality n.国籍,民族9 native a.本地的,本国的;天生的 n.本地人,本国人10 natural a.正常的;自然界的,天然的,天赋的,固有的11 nature n.自然界,大自然;性质,本性,天性12 naughty a.顽皮的,淘气的13 naval n.海军的,军舰的14 navigation n.航海,航空;导航,领航15 navy n.海军16 near a.近的，接近的;亲近的 prep.靠近 ad.接近17 nearby a.附近的 ad.在附近 prep.在…附近18 nearly ad.差不多,几乎19 neat a.整洁的,干净的,优美的,精致的20 necessary a.必需的,必要的;必然的 n.必需品21 necessitate v.使成为必要,需要22 necessity n.必要性,需要;必然性;(pl.)必需品23 neck n.颈脖24 necklace n.项链，项圈25 need aux.v./v.需要;必须 n.需要;贫困，困窘26 needle n.针,指针,针状物27 negative a.否定的,消极的,阴性的n.负数;(摄影)底片28 neglect v./n.忽视;疏忽,漏做,忽略29 negligible a.可忽略不计的，微不足道的30 negotiate v.商订;谈判，洽谈，交涉31 Negro n.黑人 a.黑人的32 neighbor n.(neighbour)邻居33 neighborhood n.(neighbourhood)邻居;四邻,街道34 neither a.两者都不 pron.两者都不 ad.也不35 nephew n.侄子,外甥36 nerve n.神经;勇敢,胆量37 nervous a.神经的;神经过敏的,紧张不安的38 nest n.窝,巢 v.筑巢39 net n.网,网状物 v.用网捕,使落网 a.纯净的40 network n.网状物;广播网,电视网;网络41 neutral a.中立的;中性的,中和的42 never ad.永不，从不，决不;从来没有;不，没有43 nevertheless conj.(nonetheless)不过,不过ad.仍然,不过44 new a.新(近)的;新来的;不熟悉的;没经验的45 news n.新闻，消息;新闻报道，新闻广播46 newspaper n.报纸47 next a.紧接的，其次的;贴近的 ad.其次;居后48 nice a.美好的，令人愉快的;友好的，亲切的49 nickel n.镍;镍币;五美分50 nickname n.绰号，浑名vt.给…起绰号。

2019年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】C. Few 【试题考点】词义辨析和上下文语境【解析】此题词义辨析和上下文语境。

首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。

空格所在句指出：我们中_____在没有电话，个人GPS或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。

本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语义应该填入few(几乎没有人)，符合文意。

2、【答案】C. run 【试题考点】词组搭配【解析】此题考查词组搭配。

run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。

其他选项：Put on (穿上;使运转);take on (承担;呈现);come on (快点;开始)，语义不通顺。

故正确答案为[C] run。

3、【答案】B. If 【试题考点】逻辑关系【解析】此题考查逻辑关系。

空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。

此处为假设的情况，故填入if(如果)符合上下文的表达。

其余选项：Since (因为;自从), though (虽然), until (直到)带入后，语义不通顺。

故正确答案为[B] If。

4、【答案】D. literally 【试题考点】词义辨析【解析】空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。

此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义通顺：你的确找不到北方。

其余选项：Formally (正式地)，relatively(相对地)，gradually(逐渐地)带入后，语义不通顺。

故正确答案为[D] literally.5、【答案】A. back 【试题考点】词义辨析和上下文语境【解析】空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。

2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）真题答案19考研今天已经落下帷幕，不管怎样都先为自己鼓个掌，接下来已经考完的同学也可以安心对答案了，超详细的英一答案无忧考网已备好，一起来看看吧2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（一）试题解析Section ⅠUse of English1. C. Few2. C. run3. B. If4. D. literally5. A.back6. B. off7. D. unfamiliar8. C.way9. A. So10. D. eventually11. A. surprised12. B. option13. D. For example14. C. spot15. B. through16. D. breaks17. A. artificial18. D. Finally19. B. marks20. C. leadSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText 121 A. enhance banks’sense of responsibility22 D. "short-termism" in economic activities23 B. adverse24 C. the approaches to promoting "long-termism"25 B. patience as a corporate virtueText 226 D. The influence of consumer culture.27 A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning28 A. A obtain more financial support29 C. to be identical with each other.30 B.analyzing the causes behind it.Text 331 C. involves some concerns raised by AI today32 D.is too limited for us to reproduce it33 B. is still beyond our capacity34 A. affirmation35 C. The Conscience of AI: Complex But InevitableText 436 C. make more online shopper pay sales tax37 D. were considered unfavorable by states38 D. harmed fair market competition39 B. Big- chain owners40 D. cites some cases related to it and analyses their implicationsPart B 本篇新题型属于排序题。

【导语】词汇量不仅可以当做衡量语⾔的标准，⽽且对考试成绩也很重要。

以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语常⽤词汇词缀【26-28】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】96.-ity表名词，指具备某种性质 probity n 刚直(prob直、) mendacity n 虚假(mendac说荒) duplicity n 欺骗;⼝是⼼⾮(du⼆个+plic重叠…⼝和⼼不⼀致) rigidity n 固执;僵化(rigid僵硬的) absurdity n 荒谬(absurd荒谬的) geniality n 和蔼(genial和蔼的) equanimity n 镇定，沉着(equ平等+anim⽣命) infirmity n 虚弱(in不+firm坚定) sanity n 神志清楚(sane神志清楚的) affinity n 密切关系(af+fin边界，尽头…边界相接…关系密切) complexity n 复杂性(com全部+plex重叠) familiarity n 熟悉(familiar熟悉的) equality n 平等(equal平等的) 97.-ive (1)表形容词 pervasive a 遍及的(per全部+vas⾛…全部⾛遍) incisive a ⼀针见⾎的(in进⼊+cis切割) repulsive a 令⼈厌恶的(re反+puls推…反推出去) pensive a 沉思的;愁苦的(pens悬挂…挂着⼀颗⼼) cursive a 草书的(curs跑…写字像跑⼀样) impassive a ⽆动于衷的(im⽆+pass感情) permissive a 过分纵容的(per全部+miss送，给…全部给出去) evocative a 唤起(感情)的(e出+voc喊…把感情喊出来) appreciative a 感谢的(ap+preci价值…给予价值) affirmative a 赞同的，肯定的(af+firm肯定…给予肯定) lucrative a 有利可图的(lucr钱) recuperative a 有助健康的(re重新+cuper获得，拿…重新获得[健康]) respective a 各⾃的(由respect 尊敬转化⽽来，尊敬别⼈的隐私…各⾃的) vindictive a 报复性的(vindict报仇) prohibitive a 禁⽌的;价格昂贵的(pro前⾯+hibit拿…提前拿住，不让别⼈拿…禁⽌的) plaintive a 伤⼼的(plaint悲伤) receptive a 善于接受的(recept接受) 注：-itive见第93条 (2)表名词后缀，“⼈或物” detective n 侦探(detect察觉) captive n 俘虏(capt抓住) native n 本地⼈(nat出⽣) fugitive n 逃亡者(fug逃跑) locomotive n ⽕车头(loco地⽅+mot动…从⼀地动到另⼀地) explosive n 炸药(explose 爆炸) preventive n 预防药(prevent预防) 98. -ivity表名词，由-ive+ity组成，“有…能⼒或特性” productivity n ⽣产⼒(product⽣产) resistivity n 抵抗⼒(resist抵抗) activity n 活动(act⾏动) conductivity n 传导性(conduct导电等) creativity n 创造⼒(create创造) selectivity n 选择性(select选择) acclivity n 上坡(ac+cliv倾斜) declivity n 下坡(de向下+cliv倾斜) "99.-ixation表名词,来⾃-ize+ation,“…化”或“发展过程”" modernization n 现代化(modern现代的) industrialization n ⼯业化(industrial⼯业的) normalization n 正常化(mormal正常的) centralization n 集中化(central中⼼的) organization n 组织(organ器官，组织) realization n 实现(real真实的) authorization n 授权，批准(author权⼒，权威) 100.-kin表名词，“⼩…” manikin n 侏儒(mani⼈) napkin n 餐⼱(nap桌布) ladykin n ⼩妇⼈(lady⼥⼈) cannikin n "101. -less表形容词,""⽆…的,不…的”" spineless a 没有⾻⽓的(spine脊⾻) nerveless a ⽆勇⽓的(nerve勇⽓;神经) feckless a ⽆⽬标⽆计划的(feck效果) fathomless a 深不可测的(fathom测⽔深的单位) hapless a 不幸的(hap幸运) relentless a ⽆情的(relent宽厚) effortless a 不费⼒的(effort努⼒) flawless a ⽆瑕疵的(flaw缺点) tireless a 不倦的(tire疲倦) colorless a ⽆⾊的(color颜⾊) homeless a ⽆家可归的(home 家) "102. -like表形容词,“像…⼀样”" dreamlike a 如梦般的(dream梦) steellike a 钢铁般的(steel钢) womanlike a ⼥⼈⽓的(woman⼥⼈) childlike a 孩⼦般的(child孩⼦) vicelike a 牢固的，坚实的(vice钳⼦) warlike a 好战的(war战争) 103.-ling表名词，“⼩东西或某种⼈” birdling n ⼩鸟(bird鸟) duckling n ⼩鸭(duck鸭) fosling n ⼩鹅(goose鹅) seedling n 幼苗(seed种⼦) yeanling n ⼩⼭⽺(yean⽺) sapling n ⼩树苗(sap树液) tstripling n 年轻男⼦(strip脱⾐服…胶⾐服⼲活的⼩伙⼦) underling n 下属(under在下⾯) weakling n 体弱的⼈(weak虚弱的) starveling n 饥饿的⼈(starve饿死) 104. -ly (1)表形容词，通常加在名词后 otherworldly a 超俗的(otherworld 超世) spindly a 细长的(spindle纺锤) timely a 及时的(time时间) comely a 美丽动⼈的(come来…翩翩⽽来…美丽动⼈的) niggardly a 吝啬的(niggard⼩⽓⿁) lively a 活跃的(live活) drizzly a ⽑⽑⾬(drizzle⽑⽑⾬) friendly a 友好的(friend朋友) costly a 昂贵的(cost代价) manly a 有男⼦⽓的(man男⼈) weekly a 每周的(week周) monthly a 每⽉的(month⽉) (2)表副词，通常放在形容词后 exceedingly ad 过分地(exceed超过) gloriously ad 光荣地( glorious光荣的) extremely ad 过分地(extreme极端的) definitely ad 明确地(definite明确的) probably ad 可能性(probable可能的) bilolgically ad ⽣物学地(biological⽣物学的) greatly ad 很⼤地(great⼤) 105.-ment "(1)表名词,“⾏为或结果”" movement n 运动(move动) agreement n 协议(agree同意) management n 管理(manage管理) establishment n 建⽴，设⽴(establish建⽴) predicament n 困境(predica是predict“预⾔”的变体，预⾔会出现的困境) commandment n 戒律(command命令) commencement n 开始(commence开始) embzzlement n 贪污，侵吞(embezzle盗⽤) embodiment n 化⾝;体现(embody体现) harassment n 烦恼，*扰(harass*扰) enactment n (法令)颁布(enact颁布) (2)表⽰具体物 pavement n ⼈⾏道(pave铺路) equipment n 设备(equip配备，装备) fragment n 碎⽚(frag破碎) basement n 地下室(base基础) nutriment n 营养品(nutri营养) allurement n 诱惑物(allure诱惑) segment n 部分，⼀段(seg 部分) embankment n 堤岸，路基(embank 筑堤护卫) garment n ⾐服(gar装饰+ment) ointment n 油膏，软膏(oint=oil油) 106.-most表形容词，“最…的” nethermost a 最低的(nether下⾯的)最前⾯的(head头) headmost a 最前⾯的(head头) innermost a 内⼼最深处的(inner内在的) outmost a 最外⾯的(out外⾯) easternmost a 最东的(eastern东⽅的) 107.-ness表名词，“性质，状态，”通常加在形容词后⾯ forwardness n ⼤胆，鲁莽(forward向前的，鲁莽的) fulsomeness n 虚情假意(fulsome虚假的) positiveness n 肯定(positive肯定的) promptness n "敏捷,迅速(promat迅速的)" prethntiousness n ⾃命不凡(pretentious⾃以为是的) emptiness n 空洞(empty空的) kindness n 仁慈(kind仁慈的) tiredness n 疲倦(tired疲倦的) darkness n ⿊暗(dark⿊暗的) brightness n 光明(bright光明的)【第⼆篇】108.-o (1)表名词，“⼈，物或状态” tyro n 新⼿(来⾃拉丁⽂tiro，新⼿) maestro n ⾳乐⼤师(maestro+master) impresario n "(娱乐圈的)经理⼈(impresar,意⼤利语，意为管理)" virtuoso n 艺术⼤师(virtuous有美德的) bravo n ⽍徒(brav勇敢) mangifico n ⾼官，贵⼈(magn ⼤+ific+o) fresco n 壁画(fresc+fresh新鲜的…指画在墙上的画鲜艳) tornado n 龙卷风(torn=turn转→转的风) curio n 古董(curi好奇，关⼼+O) patio n 庭院;平台(pat平坦的) dynamo n 发电机(dynam⼒量) motto n 座右铭(mot动…⾏动之指南) relievo n 浮雕(relieve浮现) volcano n "⽕⼭(volcan来⾃Vulcan,罗马神话中的⽕神)" gusto n 嗜好(gust趣味，爱好) fiasco n ⼤惨败(意⼤利词，原意为易碎的瓶⼦) manifesto n 宣⾔，声明(manifest显⽰，证明) (2)表名词，⽤于⾳乐术语 crescendo n (⾳乐)渐强(cresc逐渐增加) diminuendo n (⾳乐)渐弱(di使+minu⼩) tango n 探⼽舞(来⾃⿊⼈跳的tango舞) oratorio n 清唱剧(orator⽤嘴说) soprano n ⼥⾼⾳(sopran⾼⾳，⾼声+o) piano n 钢琴(pian轻柔+o) concerto n 协奏曲(concert⾳乐会+o) tempo n 节拍;速度(temp时间+o) solo n 独唱，独奏(sol独⾃+o) basso n 低⾳部(bass你，重+o) 109. -on表名词，指⼈，物和⼀些物理学上的名词 mason n ⽯匠(⽆来源，mas⼤概=make) glutton n 贪吃者(glut吞吃) baron n ⼤财主(来⾃拉丁⽂baro，意为男⼈) patron n 赞助⼈(patr⽗亲…像⽗亲⼀样的⼈) felon n 重罪犯(来⾃拉丁⽂fello，意为恶棍) automaton n ⾃动装置(auto⾃⼰+mat动+on) carton n 纸板(箱)(cart=card纸板+on) baton n 指挥棒(bat打+on，原指警察打⼈的警棍) crayon n "彩⾊粉笔(cray,拉丁⽂粉笔之意)" pylon n "⾼压电线架;桥塔(来⾃希腊词pulon,意为⼤门⼝，门道)" electron n 电⼦(electr电+on) neutron n 中⼦(neutr中间的+on) photon n 光⼦(photo光+on) proton n 质⼦(prot第⼀+on) 110.-oon表名词，“⼈或物” tycoon n ⼤亨(来⾃⽇本语：太君⾳译) buffoon n "丑⾓(buff,拉丁⽂癞哈蟆之意)" poltroon n 懦夫(poltr懒惰+oon) harpoon n 鱼叉(harp钩⼦;harp作为单词，有“竖琴”之意) bassoon n 低⾳管(bass低，重) balloon n ⽓球(ball球) ttoon n 痰 (spit吐痰) 111.-or表名词，“⼈或物器”，在⼀些词根前写成“-ator” mentor n 导师(ment精神) vendor n ⼩贩(vend出售) precursor n 先驱(pre预先+curs跑) gladiator n ⾓⽃⼠(gladi剑→⽤剑⽃) arbitrator n 仲裁⼈(arbitr仲裁+ator) curator n 馆长(cur关⼼+ator) pastor n 牧师(原来是拉丁⽂“牧⽺⼈”的意思) executor n 遗嘱执⾏⼈(execute执⾏) proctor n 学监，代理⼈(proct监督) incubator n 孵卵器(in⾥⾯+cub睡觉) generator n 发电机(gener产⽣) tractor n 拖拉机(tract拖，拉) detector n 探测器(detect察觉) compressor n 压缩机(com共同+press压) 112.-ory (1)表形容词，“…的” advisory a 劝告的(advise忠告) compulsory a 强制性的(com共同+puls推) illusory a 虚幻的(来⾃illusion幻觉) obligatory a 义务性的(oblige承担责任，义务) minatory a 威胁的(minat威吓;参考：menace恐吓) olfactory a 嗅觉的(olfact闻，嗅+ory;参考：olfction嗅觉) perfunctory a 草率的(per表⾯+funct做…表⾯上做) peremptory a 专横的(per全部+empt买…全部买新) transitory a 短暂的(transit过夜+ory) refractory a 倔强的，难控制的(re再+fract折断…宁折了变) contradictory a ⽭盾的(contra反+dict说…反过来说) (2)表名词，指场所等 factory n ⼯⼚(fact做) armory n 军械库(arm武器) crematory n ⽕葬场(cremat焚烧) dormitory n 宿舍(dormit睡眠) depository n 仓库(deposit存储) oratory n 雄辩术;祈祷室(orator演讲家) conservatory n 温室，⾳乐学院(conserve保存，保留) directory n 电话⽬录(direct指导) inventory n 财产清单，概括(in进+vent⾛…⾛进来的东西) 113.-ose表形容词，“多…的” verbose a 啰唆的(verb词语) bellicose a 好战的(belli战⽃) jocose a 好开玩笑的(joc=joke笑话) grandiose a 浮夸的;雄伟的(grandi宏⼤) morose a 脾⽓坏的(mor脾⽓，习惯) operose a 费⼒的(oper劳动) 114.-osity表名词，ose+ity组成，表⽰“多…的状态” curiosity n 好奇⼼(curi关⼼) grandiosity n 雄伟(grandi宏⼤) generosity n 慷慨(gener产⽣) verbosity n 啰唆(verb词语) spinosity n 多刺;难题(spine刺;脊柱) animosity n 仇恨(anim⽣命，有⽣命就有爱和恨) pomposity n ⾃⼤，傲慢(pomp壮观，浮华) 115.-ot表名词，“…⼈” bigot n 顽固⽽⼼胸狭窄的⼈(中世纪英语bigod=by god的变体) idiot n ⽩痴(idio愚蠢) zealot n 热⼼者(zeal热情) polyglot n 通晓多种语⾔的⼈(poly多+glot⾆头，语⾔) patriot n 爱国者(patri⽗亲) pilot n "飞⾏员，领航员(意⼤利语piloto“划浆""的变体)" compatriot n 同胞(com共同+patri⽗亲) 116.-ous表形容词，通常放在⼀个完整的单词后，表⽰“…的” dangerous a 危险的(danger危险) mountainous a 多⼭的(mountain⼭) coruageous a 勇敢的(courage勇⽓) poisonous a 有毒的(poison毒) advantageous a 有利的(advantage利益) zealous a 热⼼的(zeal热情) prosperous a 繁荣的(pro在前+sper希望+ous) rigorous a 严厉的(rigor严格) timorous a 胆⼩的(timor胆怯) lustrous a 有光泽的(luster光泽) circuitous a 迂回的(circuit迂回，循环) luminous a 发光的，易懂的(lumin亮光，流明[光的单位]) 117.-proof表形容词，“防…的” waterproof a 防⽔的(water⽔) foolproof a 错不了的(fool笨蛋) rainproof a 防⾬的(rain⾬) airproof a 不透⽓的(air空⽓) lightproof a 不透光的(light光线) bulletproof a 防弹的(bullet⼦弹) gasproof a 防毒⽓(gas⽓体，毒⽓) 118.-ress (1)表名词，指“⼥性” heiress n ⼥继承⼈(heit继承⼈) seamstress n ⼥裁缝(seamster裁缝;seam⾐服上的缝) waitress n ⼥服务员(waiter服务员) actress n ⼥演员(actor演员) (2)表名词，指“物品” fortress n 堡垒(fort城堡) mattress n 床垫(mat垫⼦) buttress n 扶墙(butt树桩;把柄) 119.-ry表名词，通常放在⼀个完整的单词后⾯ (1)表⽰“状态，性质” banditry n 盗窃活动(bandit匪徒) rivalry n 竞争，敌对(rival对⼿) mimicry n 模仿(mimic模仿者) parquetry n 镶⽊地板图案(parquet镶⽊地板) artistry n 艺术性(artist艺术家) (2)表⽰“⾏业，学科” forestry n 林学(forest森林) chemistry n 化学(chemist化学家) husbandry n 农耕(husband丈夫…丈夫⼲农活) palmistry n ⼿相学(palm⼿掌+ist+ry) (3)表⽰集合名词 peasantry n 农民(peasant农民) poetry n 诗歌(poet诗⼈) gentry n 绅⼠(gent温柔;参考：gentle温柔的) citizenry n 公民(总称)(citizen公民) (4)表⽰“场地” laundry n 洗⾐房(launder洗⾐，浆洗) pantry n ⾷品室(pant⾯包+ry) foundry n 铸造车间(found制造;参考：founder创始⼈) fishery n 鱼场(fish鱼) quarry n 采⽯场(quar采⽯，来⾃aquare创始⼈) ferry n 渡⼝(fer带来…把⼈从河这边带到河那边)【第三篇】120.-ship (1)表⽰某种关系或状态 friendship n 友谊(friend朋友) hardship n 苦难(hard艰难的) dictatorship n 独裁专政(dictator独裁者) psrtnership n 合伙关系(partner合伙⼈) relationship n (亲属)关系(relation关系) citizenship n 公民⾝份(citizen公民) membership n 成员资格(member成员) (2)表⽰某种技能 airmanship n 飞⾏技术(airman飞⾏员) salesmanship n 推销术(salesman推销员) horsemanship n 骑马术(horseman骑⼿) 121.-some表形容词，“充满…的，具有…倾向的” frolicsome a 快活的(frolic嬉戏) meddlesome a 爱管闲事的(meddle⼲涉) mettlesome a 精神抖擞的(mettle精神，⽓质) loathsome a 令⼈作吐的(loath恶⼼，讨厌) noisome a 恶臭的(noi臭+some) winsome a 媚⼈的;漂亮的(win赢得…赢得好感) cumbersome a 笨重的(cumber障碍物) quarrelsome a 好争吵的(quarrel争吵) lonesome a 孤独的(lone单独) 122.-ster表名词，“…⼈” huckster n 叫卖⼩贩(huck叫卖) prankster n 恶作剧者(prand恶作剧) pollster n 民意测验家(poll民意调查) spinster n 未婚⼥⼈(spin纺纱…纺纱⼥⼈…少⼥) hipster n 赶时髦的⼈(hip时髦) shyster n *诈的⼈(shy害羞，狡猾) songster n 歌唱家(song歌曲) seamster n 裁缝(seam ⾐服的缝) gangster n 匪徒(gang帮派) rhymester n 抽劣诗⼈(rhyme⾳律) 123-th表名词，通常指抽象名词 warmth n 温暖(warm温暖的) growth n 成长(grow成长) stealth n 偷偷摸摸(steal偷) strength n ⼒量(streng=strong强壮的) length n 长度(leng=long长的) depth n 深度(dep=deep深的) zenith n 天顶(zeni顶点) filth n 肮脏(fil=foul臭的) mirth n 欢乐(mir快乐+th) 124-tic表形容词，通常放在⼀个名词前，“与…相关的，…的” chaotic a 混乱的(chao混乱) charismatic a 有魅⼒的(charisma个⼈魅⼒) enigmatic a 神秘的(enigma迷) aromatic a 芳⾹的(aroma芳⾹) romantic a 浪漫的(roman浪漫) dramatic a 戏剧性的(drama戏剧) schematic a 纲要的(scheme提纲) 125-ture表名词，通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使⽤，表⽰“⼀般状态，⾏为”…ature“，“iture” miniature n ⼩画像，缩影(mini⼩) legislature n ⽴法机关(legis法律+lat带来+ure) fracture n ⾻折;断裂(fract断) conjecture n 推测(con共同+ject扔…⼀起猜) expenditure n ⽀出(expend花费) divestiture n 剥夺(divest剥夺) horticulture n 园艺学(horti，来⾃hortense法国⼀喜欢花的⼥⼦+cult+ure) denture n 假⽛(dent⽛齿) scripture n 经典著作(script写，⽂学)。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试大纲I 考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试是为我校招收日语语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的第二外国语（英语）技能，是否具有入学后继续深入学习英语（二外）的语言基础。

该考试是测量考生的英语综合应用能力，包括阅读理解、写作、翻译、词汇和句法运用能力。

具体来说，要求考生：1、应掌握一定量的英语词汇（参见《全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲》附录的分级词汇表）；2、掌握英语语法知识（非谓语动词、时态、语态等）；3、具有较强的阅读理解能力，能够读懂一般性题材的英语报刊文章和其他英语材料；能阅读题材较为熟悉的学术文章；4、具有一定的英译汉能力；5、能用英语写150-200字左右的短文。

II 考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为100分，考试时间180分钟。

二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

无听力试题，考试过程中不允许携带字典。

三、试卷内容与题型结构1. Vocabulary 20题，每题1分，共20分2. Grammar 10题，每题1分，共10分3. Reading Comprehension 20题，每题2分，共40分4. Writing 1题，共15分5. Translation 1题，共15分III 考查内容1. 英语词汇知识2. 英语句法运用3. 英语阅读理解能力4. 英译汉翻译能力5. 英语写作能力6. 逻辑思考能力English as a Second Foreign Language Examination forGraduate CandidatesPart I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.1. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and_______your text more easily.A. registerB. editC. proposeD. discharge2. We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ______colors.A. lowB. humbleC. mildD. dull3. The news has just ______ that the president is going to visit China next month.A. come downB. come upC. come outD. come about4. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding andmistrust were removed.A. tensionB. strainC. stressD. intensity5. The other day, Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital , and they did lots and lots of tests onme, most of them _____ and frightening.A. cheerfulB. horribleC. hostileD. friendly6. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great_____.A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense7. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered8. Actually, information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich.A. linkB. breakC. allyD. bridge9. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though they never existed.A. ignoreB. leaveC. refuseD. miss10. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at acrime ______.A. stageB. sceneC. locationD. occasion11. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ aculture.A. retainB. relateC. remarkD. review12. Companies are struggling to find the right _______between supply and demand, but it is noeasy taskA. equationB. formulaC. balanceD. pattern13. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production of goods to theirconsumption.A. varyB. shiftC. layD. moderate14. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and _____ and all previouslyneglected matters were taken care of.A. convictionB. contestC. consentD. content15. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue , so don’t talk me ______ buying it.A. awayB. downC. outD. into16. Showing some sense of humor can be a (n) _______ way to deal with some stressfulsituationA. effectiveB. efficientC. favorableD. favorite17. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it may not happen.A. inclinesB. maintainsC. soundsD. remains18. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price of its products.A. pull downB. put downC. set downD. bring down19. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing theearthquake victimsA. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized20. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature, for they respected nature as a providerof life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmonyPart II Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21. There is little doubt that ______ (attend) college has the potential of exposing young people tonew ideas and relationships and helps promote their critical thinking skills.22. The US Department of Education estimates that only 62 percent of those enrolled in four-yearinstitutions had _____ (earn) a bachelor’s degree six years later.23. Do not be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don’t back off when_____ (face) competition; inner confidence is important.24. In order to persuade his daughter to put off the marriage, the father quoted statistics _____(show) mixed-face couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.25. The controversy in his article about women’s role in modern society _____ (be) that being ahousewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.26. When he _____ (give) a talk, the topic is usually specified in advance, so you are able toexpect what to follow without any difficulties.27. When the police caught up with him, Mr. Foster had to confess that he _____ (break) the speedlimit.28. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes were filled with tears; whether it wasof shame, frustration, or grief was difficult ____ (tell).29. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are ____ (aim) atmaking her fall in love with him.30. Having been expelled from public school for drinking and smoking and then ____ (fail) inshow business as a singer, she joined her father’s bushiness 10 years ago.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For t he first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.31. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because__________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility32. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?A) They nee dn’t worry about the food and water they consume.B) They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C) They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D) They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.33. Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.34. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.35. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.36. What do many researchers generally accept?A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.B) Repositories are essential to scientific research.C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.37. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A) Opposed.B) Ambiguous.C) Liberal.D) Neutral.38. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A) The fear of massive copying.B) The lack of a research culture.C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.39. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A) The ever-growing demand for big data.B) The advancement of digital technology.C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.D) The trend of social and economic development.40. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A) is becoming increasingly popularB) benefits sharers and users alikeC) makes researchers successfulD) saves both money and laborPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money off other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan and India. But doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, say economic researcher Sara Johnson. "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴) for theirconsumers.But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.41. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B. Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C. The impact of chape oil on global economic growth.D. The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.42. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A. Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B. Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C. Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D. Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.43. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A. They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B. They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C. They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D. They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.44. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A. It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B. Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C. It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D. Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.45. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A. People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B. The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C. Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D. People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Passage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), an d have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was produc tive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level,” which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.46. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.47. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.48. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.49. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.50. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bi as in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in reaserach work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the saying “The question mark is the key to any science.” You r essay should emphasize the importance of asking right questions in the pursuit of science. Please write at least 200 words but no more than 250 words.Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century, direct contacts with dissimilar others in our neighborhoods, schools, and workplace are an inescapable part of life. Each intercultural contact can bring about identity dissonance or stress because of attributes such as an unfamiliar accent, way of speaking, way of doing things, and way of nonverbal expression. In a global workplace, people bring with them different work habits and cultural practices. For example, cultural strangers may appear to approach teamwork and problem-solving tasks differently. They may appear to have a sense of different time, and they may appear to have different spatial needs. They also may look and move differently.Key Part I Vocabulary (20 points)1-5 BDCAB6-10 CADAB11-15 ACBDD16-20 ACDBDPart II Grammar (10 points)21. attending22. earned23. facing24. showing25. is26. gives27. had broken28. to tell29. aimed30. failingPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points) 31-35 ACCBD36-40 DACCB41-45 CDCBA46-50 CCBDAPart IV Writing (15 points)Omitted.Part V Translation (15 points)Omitted.11。

2019年考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（82）1 repair n.修理,修补 v.补救,纠正;修理2 repay v.偿还,报答3 repeat v.重复,重说,重做 n.重复4 repeatedly ad.重复地,再三地5 repel v.击退,抵制,使厌恶,使不愉快6 repertoire n.节目,全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能7 repetition n.重复,反复8 replace vt.取代,替换,代替,把...放回原处9 replacement n.取代,替换,替换物,代替物10 reply v./n.(to)回答,答复,以…作答11 report n./v.报告,汇报;传说,传阅12 reporter n.报告人,通讯员;记者,报导者13 represent v.描述,表示;代表,代理;阐明,说明14 representative n.代表,代理人 a.(of)典型的,有代表性的15 repression n.压抑，压制，镇压16 reproach v./n.责备,指责17 reproduce v.生殖;翻版;繁殖;复制,仿造18 reptile n.爬行动物19 republic n.共和国,共和政体20 republican a.共和的21 reputation n.名誉,名声,声望22 request v./n.请求,要求23 require v.需要;(of)要求,命令24 requirement n.(for)需要,需要的东西,要求25 rescue v./n.营救,援救26 research v./n.(into,on)研究,调查27 resemblance n.相似,相似性[点,物]28 resemble v.像,类似29 resent v.对…表示忿恨,怨恨30 reservation n.保留,保留意见;预定,预订31 reserve n.储备(物),储备金;缄默 v.保留,储备;预定32 reservoir n.水库,蓄水池33 residence n.住处,住宅34 resident n.居民,常住者 a.居住的35 resign v.辞去,辞职,使听从(于),使顺从36 resist v.抵抗,反抗;抗,忍得住,抵制37 resistance n.(to)抵抗,反抗;抵抗力,阻力;电阻38 resistant a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的39 resolute a.坚决的,果断的40 resolution n.坚决,决心;决定,决议41 resolve v.决心;(使)分解,溶解;决议 n.解决;决心42 resort v.凭借,求助,诉诸n.度假胜地,常去之处,手段43 resource n.(pl.)资源,财力;办法,智谋;应变之才44 respect n./v.尊敬,尊重 n.敬意,问候,关系,方面45 respective a.各自的,各个的46 respond v.回答,响应,作出反应47 response n.回答,响应,反应48 responsibility n.责任,责任心;职责,任务49 responsible a.(for,to)应负责的;可靠的;责任重大的50 rest n.休息;剩余部分 v.休息;睡;放，靠，搁。

2019年考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（20） 2018考研英语词汇：必背大纲5500词（20）1 complete a.完全的,圆满的 v.完成,结束,使完满2 complex a.复杂的;合成的,综合的 n.联合体3 complicate v.使..复杂;使..难懂;使(疾病等)恶化;4 complicated a.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的5 complication n.复杂,纠纷;并发症6 compliment n.(pl.)问候,致意 n./v.称赞,恭维7 comply v.(with)遵照，照做，应允;顺从，服从8 component n.组成部分,成分,元件 a.组成的,合成的9 compose v.组成,构成;(of)由…组成;创作(诗歌等)10 composite a.混合成的，综合成的n.合成物，复合材料11 composition n.作品,作文,乐曲;作曲;结构,组成,成分12 compound n.混合物,化合物 a.混合的,化合的;vt.混合13 comprehend vt.理解，领会;包含，包括14 comprehension a.理解(力),领悟;包含，包含力15 comprehensive a.内容广泛的,总括性的，综合的16 compress vt.压紧，压缩;(把思想、文字等)浓缩17 comprise vt.包含，包括，由...组成;构成，组成18 compromise n.妥协，折衷vi.妥协vt.危及，放弃(原则等)19 compulsory a.必须做的，强制性的，(课程)必修的20 compute v./n.计算,估计21 computer n.计算机,电脑;计算者22 comrade n.同志,同事,同伴,朋友23 conceal v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽24 concede vt.承认;容许;(比赛结束前)认输;退让25 conceive v.(of)设想,构思,想象;以为;怀胎,怀有26 concentrate v.(on)集中,专心;浓缩 n.浓缩物27 concentration n.专心，专注;集中，集结;浓度28 concept n.概念，观点，设想29 concern v.涉及,关系到 v./n.关心 n.(利害)关系30 concerning prep.关于，论及31 concert n.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致32 concession n.让步，妥协;特许(权);33 concise a.简明的,简洁的34 conclude v.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定35 conclusion n.结论，推论;结尾;缔结，议定36 concrete a.具体的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑37 condemn v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪38 condense v.(使)冷凝，(使)凝结;浓缩，压缩，简缩39 condition n.条件，状况，环境 vt.决定;支配;训练40 conduct n.行为,品行 v.引导;管理;指挥(乐队);传导41 conductor n.管理者;(汽车)售票员;领队，指挥;导体42 confer v.商讨;授予，颁给(勋衔，学位等)43 conference n.(正式)会议;讨论，商谈44 confess v.供认，承认，坦白，忏悔45 confidence n.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密46 confident n.(of,in)确信的,自信的47 confidential a.秘(机)密的;表示信任的;担任机密工作的48 confine vt.限制;使不外出，禁闭n.[pl.]界限，范围49 confirm v.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认50 conflict n.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突 v.(with)抵触,冲突。

Section 1Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。

(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems， digital maps， and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones。

1 of us just walkstraight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass， and you 4 can't find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land。

When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7area, you have to answer two questions： Which 8 is downhill， in this particular area？ And where is the nearest water source？ Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys， and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 ： Climb high and look for signs of human habitation。

2019考研英语必背5500词汇表（V）1vacant a.空的,未占用的;空缺的;神情茫然的2vacation n.休假,假期3vacuum n.真空,真空吸尘器4vague a.不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的5vain a.徒劳的,徒然的;自负的,爱虚荣的6valid a.有效的;有依照的;正当的7valley n.(山)谷;流域8valuable a.贵重的,有价值的n.(pl.)贵重物品,财宝9value n.价格;价值;有用性v.评价,估价;尊重10v alve n.阀;(英)电子管,真空管;(心脏的〕瓣膜11v an n.有篷汽车;有篷货运车厢12v anish vi.忽然不见;消逝13v anity n.虚荣心,浮华14v apour n.(vapor)汽，(水)蒸气15v ariable a.易变的;可变的;变量的n.变量16v ariation n.变化,变动;变种,变异17v ariety n.种种,多种多样;种类,品种18v arious a.各种各样的;不同的19v ary vt.改变,变化;使多样化20v ase n.花瓶,瓶21v ast a.巨大的,辽阔的,大量的;巨额的22v egetable n.蔬菜,植物a.植物的,蔬菜的23v egetarian n.素食主义者24v egetation n.植物,草木25v ehicle n.车辆,交通工具;媒介,载体26v eil n.面纱,遮蔽物v.用面纱掩盖,掩饰27v ein n.血管;静脉;叶脉;纹理;情绪vt.使成脉络28v elocity n.速度,速率29v elvet n.丝绒,天鹅绒a.丝绒制的,柔软的30v entilate vt.使通风;给…装通风设备31v enture v.冒险,拼;大胆表示n.冒险事业,拼,闯32v erb n.动词33v erbal a.用言辞的,用文字的;口头的;动词的34v erdict n.(陪审团的)裁决,判决；判断；定论35v erge n.边,边缘v.濒临36v erify vt.证实,查证;证明37v ersatile a.通用的;多才多艺的,多方面的38v erse n.韵文,诗;诗节,诗句39v ersion n.版本;译本,译文;说法40v ersus prep.(vs.)…对…(在诉讼,竞赛等);与…相对41v ertical a.垂直的,竖的n.垂线42v ery ad.很，特别；完全a.正是的；真正，真实的43v essel n.容器,器皿;船,舰;管,血管44v est n.背心,马甲;汗衫,内衣45v eteran n.老手,老兵46v eto n./v.否决47v ia prep.经；通过；凭借48v ibrate v.(使)振动,(使)摇摆；受…而感动49v ice n.邪恶;恶习;(pl.)台钳,老虎钳50v icinity n.邻近,附近51v icious a.恶毒的,凶残的,邪恶的52v ictim n.牺牲品,受害者53v ictory n.胜利54v ideo n.电视,视频;录像a.电视的,视频的;录像的55v iew n.视野;风景;观看;见解;照片vt.观看;认为56v iewpoint n.观点57v igorous a.朝气蓬勃的,精力旺盛的58v illage n.村,村庄59v inegar n.醋60v iolate vt.违背;冒犯;妨碍;侵犯;亵渎(圣物) 61v iolence n.猛烈,强烈;暴力,暴行;强暴62v iolent a.猛烈的,激烈的;暴力引起的,强暴的63v iolet n.紫罗兰,紫色a.紫色的64v iolin n.小提琴65v irgin n.处女a.处女的;纯洁的;原始的;未使用的66v irtual a.实际上的,事实上的67v irtue n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力68v irus n.病毒;(精神,道德方面的)有害妨碍69v isa n.(护照等的)签证;维萨信用卡vt.签证70v isible a.看得见的,明显的,显著的71v ision n.视力,视觉;远见;洞察力;幻想,幻影;想象力72v isit n.访问,参观v.访问,参观;视察;降临;闲谈73v isitor n.访问者,客人,来宾,参观者74v isual a.看的,看得见的;视觉的75v ital a.生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的76v itamin n.维生素77v ivid a.鲜艳的;生动的,栩栩如生的78v ocabulary n.词汇,词汇量;词汇表79v ocal a.声音的;有声的;歌唱的n.元音;声乐作品80v ocation n.职业;召唤;天命;天职;才能81v oice n.声音;嗓音;发音能力;意见,发言权;语态82v oid a.空虚的;没有的;无效的83v olcano n.火山84v olleyball n.排球85v olt n.伏特86v oltage n.电压87v olume n.容积,体积;卷,册;音量88v oluntary a.自愿的,志愿的89v olunteer n./v.自愿(者,兵);自愿(提供)90v ote n.投票,表决;选票,选票数v.投票,表决91v owel n.元音,元音字母92v oyage n.航海;航行;旅行93v ulgar a.粗俗的，庸俗的，本土的，通俗的，一般的94v ulnerable a.易受攻击的95。