语法：定语从句 2012.5.11
- 格式：doc
- 大小：107.20 KB
- 文档页数：4
初中英语教研组
内部教材，请勿外传. VIP教研组版权所有 未经允许，请勿外传. 第 1 页 VIP教育 贵族教育 专业品质 帝豪校区：2042800 厦门思明区帝豪大厦2403 吕厝校区：2042900 锦绣广场二楼 思北校区：2042700 银行家园二楼 瑞景校区：2042400 洪莲路21号5楼（加州广场旁） 博物馆校区：2042008 厦门思明南路海洋花园一楼
中考英语重点句法考点：定语从句 【概念】 定语从句：在复合句中，限定名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份 The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
【关系代词和关系副词的用法】 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等；常见的关系代词有：who, that, which, whom等，详见下表所示： 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose
（一）关系代词who & whom & whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语 An architect is a person who designs buildings. I don’t like people who talk much but do little. Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略 Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语 The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? （关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which.；whose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel）
（二）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略 I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. （which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. （which可以换成that）
（三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略 Is she the girl that sells newspapers? （that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? （that可以换成which） Is this the book that you want to buy? （that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略）
关系副词的基本用法 常用的关系副词只有三个：when, where, why；在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语 状语 先行词 关系副词及相应介词结构 时间 day, year, date, time… when=during/in…which 地点 The place, the city, Xiamen… where=in/from…which 原因 the reason why =for which
初中英语教研组
内部教材，请勿外传. VIP教研组版权所有 未经允许，请勿外传. 第 2 页 VIP教育 贵族教育 专业品质 帝豪校区：2042800 厦门思明区帝豪大厦2403 吕厝校区：2042900 锦绣广场二楼 思北校区：2042700 银行家园二楼 瑞景校区：2042400 洪莲路21号5楼（加州广场旁） 博物馆校区：2042008 厦门思明南路海洋花园一楼
（一）关系副词when的用法 关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定语从句作时间状语 In Beijing, July and August are the months when it rains very often. （when先行词是months） Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace? I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo. （二）关系副词where的用法 关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语 During the Spring Festival, I went back to the town where I was brought up. This is the house where I was born. This is the place where Li Bai once lived. 【注意】试比较下句： This is the place that Li Bai once visited.（that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，还可以用which替换）
（三）关系副词why的用法 关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语 The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email. This is the reason why he came late to school. 【注意】如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了（This is why he came late to school.）表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变
【备注】关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面 That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. ===That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher. She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps.
【具体使用时还要注意下列问题】 只能使用that，不用which 的情况 (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时 All that he said is true. All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金 She told me everything that she knew. (2) 先行词被only, very, no, any, all,等词修饰时 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. He is the very person that has been invited to the ball. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词 He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时 He talked about the people and the things he remembered. (6) 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时，应用that Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? （这里使用that是为了避免重复） 【备注】 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? （避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）
