SAE AMS-WW-T-700-3A-2007

原理AMS 2431/6C增加了对重金属污染的限制。

1.范围本规范结合AMS2431中的一般要求，确定了用于金属部件喷丸工艺的玻璃喷丸的要求。

2.适用文件下列文件的发布，在采购订单构成本说明指定范围内的一部分时生效。

除非指定了特定的文档版本，否则供应商可能会对文档进行后续修改。

当参考文件被撤销，同时未指定替代文件，则应用文件发布的最后一版。

另外，见AMS 2431.2.1ASTM 出版物获取地址：美国，Pennsylvania州，West Conshohocken市，Barr Harbor街100号；邮政信箱：C700；邮编：19428-2959；电话：610-832-9585；网址：.ASTM D 1214 玻璃球过筛分析的试验方法2.2美国政府出版物MIL-D-3464 干燥剂，活化，袋装，包装使用和静态除湿MIL-PRF-9954 玻璃珠，用于清洁和喷丸3.技术要求3.1玻璃喷丸应符合AMS 2431和本文规定的要求。

3.2成分3.2.1珠子应该是碱石灰型的优质玻璃。

二氧化硅含量按重量计不得小于67%。

SAE 技术标准委员会规则提示：“由SAE 发布的本规范在于促进技术和设计科学的进步，本规范的使用是完全自愿的，及它对任何特殊用途的运用和适用，包括由此引起的任何专利侵犯属于用户自己的责任。

SAE 每个技术规范至少每5年修订一次，该期间可能会被重新确认、修订或取消。

SAE 欢迎您书面的评论和建议。

保留所有的权利。

如果预先没有得到SAE的书面批准，禁止本出版物任何章节以任何形式或任何方式的电子的、机械的、照相复制、翻录或其它方式复制、在检索系统收存或传播。

3.2.2玻璃喷丸的砷含量不得超过其质量的75 ppm，铅含量不得超过其质量的100 ppm，见8.2。

3.3硬度90%以上的读数应确保在500~550 HV之间，或515~575HK之间。

也可以以48~52HRC作为参考。

3.4密度不应小于2.3g/cm3。

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright © 2007 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Aluminum Alloy 6061, Bar, Rod, Shapes,Tube, and Wire, ExtrudedA96061RATIONALEThis document has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE 5-year Review policy.NOTICEThis document has been taken directly from Federal Specification QQ-A-200/8F and contains only minor editorial and format changes required to bring it into conformance with the publishing requirements of SAE technical standards.The original Federal Specification was adopted as an SAE standard under the provisions of the SAE Technical Standards Board (TSB) Rules and Regulations (TSB 001) pertaining to accelerated adoption of government specifications and standards. TSB rules provide for (a) the publication of portions of unrevised government specifications and standards without consensus voting at the SAE Committee level, (b) the use of the existing government specification or standard format, and (c) the exclusion of any qualified product list (QPL) sections.The complete requirements for procuring aluminum alloy 6061 bar, rod, shapes, tube, and wire extruded described herein shall consist of this document and the latest issue of AMS-QQ-A-200.AEROSPACE MATERIALSPECIFICATIONAMS-QQ-A-200/8Issued JUL 1997 ReaffirmedAPR 2007AMS-QQ-A-200/8SAE AMS-QQ-A-200/81.SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION:1.1Scope:This specification covers the specific requirements for aluminum alloy 6061 bar, rod, shapes, tube, and wire produced by extrusion.1.2Classification:1.2.1Tempers: Bar, rod, shapes, tube, and wire are classified in the following tempers as specified (See6.2): O,T1, T4, T42, T4510, T4511, T51, T6, T62, T6510, or T6511. Definitions of tempers arespecified in AMS-QQ-A-200.1.2.2Tubing: Tubing shall be additionally classified as follows:Type DescriptionI-Tubing extruded from hollow billets using die and mandrel (SeeAMS-QQ-A-200).II-Tubing extruded from solid billets using a porthole or spiderdie or similar tooling (See AMS-QQ-A-200).2.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:See AMS-QQ-A-200.AMS-QQ-A-200/8SAE AMS-QQ-A-200/83.REQUIREMENTS:3.1Chemical Composition:The chemical composition shall conform to the requirements specified in Table I.TABLE I. Chemical Composition 1/ElementPercent Minimum MaximumMagnesium0.8 1.2 Silicon0.400.8 Copper0.150.40 Iron--0.7 Chromium0.040.35 Zinc--0.25 Titanium--0.15 Manganese--0.15 Other Elements, each--0.05 Other Elements, total 2/--0.15 Aluminum Remainder1/Analysis shall routinely be made only for the elements specifically mentioned in Table I. If, however, the presence of other elements isindicated or suspected in amounts greater than the specified limits, further analysis shall bemade to determine that these elements are not present in excess of the limits specified.2/The sum of those "Others" metallic elements0.010 percent or more each, expressed to thesecond decimal before determining the sum.AMS-QQ-A-200/8SAE AMS-QQ-A-200/83.2Mechanical Properties:3.2.1Mechanical Properties of Material as Supplied: The mechanical properties in the direction of extrusion shall conform to requirements specified in Table II.3.2.2Mechanical Properties After Heat Treatment: In addition to conforming to requirements of 3.2.1, materials identified in the following paragraphs shall, after having been heat-treated to other tempers also identified therein, have properties in the extrusion direction conforming to those specified in Table II, as applicable.3.2.2.1Material in the O Temper: Material in the O temper, without the subsequent imposition of cold work or forming operations, shall, after proper solution heat treatment and natural aging, develop the properties specified in Table II for the T42 temper.3.2.2.2Material in the T1, T4, T42, T4510 and T4511 Tempers: Material in the T1, T4, T42, T4510, and T4511 tempers shall be age-hardenable artificially to the properties specified for T51, T6, T62, T6510, and T6511 tempers, respectively. Such capability shall be demonstrated when specified (See 6.2).TABLE II. Mechanical PropertiesTemper Thickness, (bar and shapes); di-ameter, (rod and wire); wall thickness (tube)Inches Tensile Strength Minimum ksi Yield Strength at 0.2 percent Offset or at extension indicatedElongation in2 inches or 4times D 1/, 4/Minimum percent Minimum ksi Extension under load inch per inch O All2/2/0.003616T1Up thru 0.62526.014.00.003416T4, T4510,All 26.016.00.003616and T4511T42 3/All26.012.00.003216T51Up thru 0.62535.030.00.0050 8T6, T62 3/,Up thru 0.24938.035.00.0055 8T6510 and 0.250 and over38.035.00.005510T65111/D represents specimen diameter.2/No minimum; maximum tensile and yield strengths are 22.0 ksi and 16.0 ksi, respectively.3/Material in the T42 or T62 temper is not available from material producers.4/See AMS-QQ-A-200 for elongation requirement exceptions.AMS-QQ-A-200/8SAE AMS-QQ-A-200/83.3Heat Treatment:Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order for T4, T4510, T4511, T6, T6510, and T6511 material, the producer may use an alternative heat treating procedure in lieu of a furnace heat treatment covered by MIL-H-6088, provided the material conforms to all other requirements of this specification when sampled and tested in accordance with 4.2. The alternative heat treatment shall be performed on the whole of a piece, never on a part only, and shall be performed on the whole of a piece, never a part only, and shall be performed in a manner that will produce the utmost uniformity (See 6.2).3.4Marking:In addition to marking required by AMS-QQ-A-200, material in the T51, T6, T6510, and T6511tempers and, when specified (See 6.2), material in the T1, T4, T4510, and T4511 tempers, shall also be identified by inspection lot number, marked in at least one location on each piece.4.QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS:See AMS-QQ-A-200 and the following:4.1Heat Treatment:4.1.1Aging Treatment Before Testing: Test specimens selected from material in the T1, T4, T42, T4510,and T4511 tempers may be tested within 4 days following solution heat treatment. In the event of test failures caused by insufficient aging, retests shall be performed using material aged for 4 days or longer. Test specimens shall be prepared from the same coupons or location in the lot or lots from which the previously tested specimens were taken.4.2Additional Sampling and Testing of Material Heat-Treated by Methods Not Covered by MIL-H-6088: 4.2.1Alloy Heat-Treated to the T6, T6510, or T6511 Tempers: When material in the T6, T6510, or T6511tempers has not been heat-treated by a method covered by MIL-H-6088, internal quality controls shall be applied to establish that product so-treated meets all requirements of this detailspecification and AMS-QQ-A-200. Compliance with the requirements of Table II may bedetermined by hardness tests followed by tension tests performed on samples from the two softest extrusions in the inspection lot. The method of hardness testing shall be left to the discretion of the producer.4.2.2Alloy Heat-Treated to the T4, T4510, or T4511 Tempers: When material in the T4, T4510, or T4511temper has not been solution heat-treated by a method covered by MIL-H-6088, internal quality controls shall be applied to establish that product so-treated meets all requirements of this detail specification and AMS-QQ-A-200. In addition, specimens taken from extrusions in these tempers shall be artificially aged to determine conformance to 3.2.2.2, as applicable, and be hardness-tested and tension-tested in accordance with 4.2.1. Any specimen blank selected for an age-hardenability determination shall be removed from the softest extrusion in the lot undergoinginspection.AMS-QQ-A-200/8SAE AMS-QQ-A-200/84.3Number of Tests After Heat Treatment:From material in each temper of those specified for heat treatment capability demonstrations in 3.2.2 and the purchase documents (See 6.2), an additional number of specimens equal to that required by AMS-QQ-A-200 shall be taken and tested after heat treatment to each temper specified to determine conformance to 3.2.2.5.PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY:See AMS-QQ-A-200.6.NOTES:6.1Intended Use:This alloy is intended for use where good strength and workability are required. The T4510 and T6510 tempers are intended primarily to provide material with low residual stresses and consequent minimum distortion during machining. The T4511 and T6511 tempers are straightened T4510 and T6510 material, respectively, and may have unknown residual stresses and may or may not distort during machining.6.2Mechanical Properties After Solution Heat Treatment:Material in the T1, T4511, T51, T6, T6510, and T6511 tempers may not meet the requirements of Table II for T42 temper after re-solution heat treatment because of a tendency for grain growth.6.3Properties After Heat Treatment:Mechanical properties and corrosion properties, where applicable, are certified for the temper of material supplied. The producer’s capability demonstration is not evidence that user-treated material conforms to property requirements of a given temper. Frequently, user-heat-treated material may develop a lower level of properties, especially if any cold, warm, or hot work is introduced, prior to solution heat treatment. The user should be held responsible for demonstration that his processing will yield properties meeting requirements.AMS-QQ-A-200/8SAE AMS-QQ-A-200/86.4Ordering Data:Purchasers should select the preferred options permitted herein and include the followinginformation in procurement documents:Title, number, and date of this specification.Form, quantity, and temper required (See 1.2.1).Dimensions required.Requirements for sizes not specifically covered (See AMS-QQ-A-200).When lot number marking for material in the T1, T4, T4510, or T4511 temper is required (See 3.4).Which, if any, heat treatment capabilities shall be demonstrated where such demonstrations arepurchaser’s options (See 3.2.2.2).Whether heat treatments not covered by MIL-H-6088 are disallowed (See 3.3).Special end use requirements.Selection of applicable levels of preservation and packing, whether Level A, Level B, or commercial (See AMS-QQ-A-200).Whether Type I tubing is required (See 1.2.2); (where no type is specified, Type I should be applied).6.5Product produced and marked to the requirements of AMS-QQ-A-200/8 also meets the requirementsof QQ-A-200/8F. Product produced and marked to the requirements of QQ-A-200/8F also meets the requirements of AMS-QQ-A-200/8.6.6The properties listed in 3.2.1 are exactly the same as QQ-A-200/8, Revision F. These propertieshave not been substantiated in accordance with the Manual for Preparation of AerospaceSpecifications.PREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF AMS COMMITTEE "D"。

SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2008 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerService@ SAE WEB ADDRESS: h ttp://AMS 6265MAEROSPACE MATERIALSPECIFICATION Issued 1960-06Revised 2008-01Superseding AMS 6265L Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing1.2Cr - 3.25Ni - 0.12Mo (0.07 - 0.13C) (SAE 9310)Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted (Composition similar to UNS G93106)RATIONALEAMS 6265M includes a correction to the specification number in paragraph 4.4.1. SCOPE1.1 FormThis specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.1.2 ApplicationThese products have been used typically for critical carburized parts requiring high minimum core hardness within a narrow range and subject to very rigid magnetic particle inspection standards, but usage is not limited to such applications.1.2.1 The core is machinable after hardening.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSThe issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), .AMS 2251Tolerances, Low-Alloy Steel Bars AMS 2253Tolerances, Carbon and Alloy Steel Tubing AMS 2259Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Wrought Low-Alloy and Carbon Steels AMS 2300Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure AMS 2370Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Wrought Products and Forging Stock AMS 2372Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel ForgingsAMS 2806 Identification, Bars, Wire, Mechanical Tubing, and Extrusions, Carbon and Alloy Steels and Corrosion and Heat Resistant Steels and AlloysAMS 2808 Identification, ForgingsAS1182 Standard Machining Allowance, Aircraft-Quality and Premium Aircraft-Quality Steel Bars and Mechanical Tubing2.2 ASTM PublicationsAvailable from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, .ASTM A 255 Determining Hardenability of SteelASTM A 370 Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsASTM A 604 Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and BilletsASTM E 45 Determining the Inclusion Content of SteelASTM E 112 Determining Average Grain SizeASTM E 350 Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS3.1 CompositionShall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in accordance with ASTM E 350, by spectrochemical methods, or by other analytical methods approved by purchaser.TABLE 1 - COMPOSITIONmaxElement min0.13Carbon 0.07Manganese 0.400.700.35Silicon 0.150.015Phosphorus --0.015Sulfur --1.40Chromium 1.003.50Nickel 3.00Molybdenum 0.080.15Boron -- 0.001 (10 ppm)0.35Copper --Analysis3.1.1 CheckComposition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS 2259.3.2 Melting PracticeSteel shall be multiple melted using consumable electrode vacuum practice in the remelt cycle.3.3 ConditionThe product shall be supplied in the following condition; hardness and tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with ASTM A 370:3.3.1 Bars3.3.1.1 Bars 0.500 Inch (12.70 mm) and Under in Nominal Diameter or Least Distance Between Parallel SidesCold finished having tensile strength not higher than 125 ksi (862 MPa) or hardness not higher than 262 HB, or equivalent (See 8.2).3.3.1.2 Bars Over 0.500 Inch (12.70 mm) in Nominal Diameter or Least Distance Between Parallel SidesHot finished and annealed, unless otherwise ordered, having hardness not higher than 229 HB, or equivalent (See 8.2). Bars ordered cold finished may have hardness as high as 248 HB, or equivalent (See 8.2).3.3.2 ForgingsAs ordered.3.3.3 MechanicalTubingCold finished, unless otherwise ordered, having hardness not higher than 25 HRC, or equivalent (See 8.2). Tubing ordered hot finished and annealed shall have hardness not higher than 99 HRB, or equivalent (See 8.2).Stock3.3.4 ForgingAs ordered by the forging manufacturer.3.4 PropertiesThe product shall conform to the following requirements; hardness testing shall be performed in accordance with ASTM A 370:3.4.1 MacrostructureVisual examination of transverse full cross-sections from bars, billets, tube rounds, and forging stock, etched in hot hydrochloric acid in accordance with ASTM A 604, shall show no pipe or cracks. Porosity, segregation, inclusions, and other imperfections for product 36 square inches (232 cm2) and under in nominal cross-sectional area shall be no worse than the macrographs of ASTM A 604 shown in Table 2.TABLE 2 - MACROSTRUCTURE LIMITSClass Condition Severity1 Freckles ASpots A2 WhiteSegregation B3 RadialPattern B4 Ring3.4.2 Micro-InclusionRatingNo specimen shall exceed the limits shown in Table 3, determined in accordance with ASTM E 45, Method D.TABLE 3 - MICRO-INCLUSION RATING LIMITSTypeAThinAHeavyBThinBHeavyCThinCHeavyDThinDHeavyWorst Field Severity 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0Worst Field Frequency,maximuma 1 a 1 a 1 3 1Total Rateable Fields,Frequency, maximumb 1 b 1 b 1 8 1a - Combined A+B+C, not more than 3 fields.b - Combined A+B+C, not more than 8 fields.3.4.2.1 A rateable field is defined as one which has a type A, B, C, or D inclusion rating of at least No. 1.0 thin or heavyin accordance with the Jernkontoret chart, Plate I-r, ASTM E 45 (See 8.3).3.4.3 Average Grain SizeShall be ASTM No. 5 or finer, determined in accordance with ASTM E 112.3.4.4 HardenabilityShall be J 1/16 inch (1.6 mm)=41 HRC maximum and J 6/16 inch (9.5 mm)=32 HRC minimum, determined on the standard end-quench test specimen in accordance with ASTM A 255 except that the steel shall be normalized at 1700 °F ± 10 (927 °C ± 6) and the test specimen austenitized at 1500 °F ± 10 (816 °C ± 6).3.5 QualityThe product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the product.3.5.1 Steel shall be premium aircraft-quality conforming to AMS 2300.3.5.2 Bars and mechanical tubing ordered hot rolled or cold drawn or ground, turned, or polished shall, after removal ofthe standard machining allowance in accordance with AS1182, be free from seams, laps, tears, and cracks exposed to the ground, turned, or polished surface.3.5.3 Grain flow of die forgings, except in areas which contain flash-line end grain, shall follow the general contour ofthe forgings showing no evidence of reentrant grain flow.3.6 TolerancesShall be as follows:3.6.1 BarsIn accordance with AMS 2251.3.6.2 MechanicalTubingIn accordance with AMS 2253.4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS4.1 Responsibility for InspectionThe vendor of the product shall supply all samples for vendor’s tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements.4.2 Classification of Tests4.2.1 AcceptanceTestsComposition (3.1), condition (3.3), macrostructure (3.4.1), micro-inclusion rating (3.4.2), average grain size (3.4.3), hardenability (3.4.4), and tolerances (3.6) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable.4.2.2 PeriodicTestsFrequency-severity cleanliness rating (3.5.1) and grain flow of die forgings (3.5.3) are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser.4.3 Sampling and TestingShall be as follows:4.3.1 Bars, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging StockIn accordance with AMS 2370.4.3.2 ForgingsIn accordance with AMS 2372.4.4 ReportsThe vendor of bars, forgings, and mechanical tubing shall furnish with each shipment a report showing the results of tests for composition, macrostructure, micro-inclusion rating and hardenability of each heat, and condition and average grain size of each lot, and stating that the product conforms to the other technical requirements. This report shall include the purchase order number, heat and lot numbers, AMS 6265M, product form, size, and quantity. If forgings are supplied, the size and melt source of stock used to make the forgings shall also be included.4.5 Resampling and RetestingShall be as follows:4.5.1 Bars, Mechanical Tubing, and Forging StockIn accordance with AMS 2370.4.5.2 ForgingsIn accordance with AMS 2372.5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY5.1 SizesExcept when exact lengths or multiples of exact lengths are ordered, straight bars and tubing will be acceptable in mill lengths of 6 to 20 feet (1.8 to 6.1 m) but not more than 10% of any shipment shall be supplied in lengths shorter than 10 feet (3 m).5.2 IdentificationShall be as follows:5.2.1 Bars and Mechanical TubingIn accordance with AMS 2806.5.2.2 ForgingsIn accordance with AMS 2808.Stock5.2.3 ForgingAs agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.5.3 Protective TreatmentBars and mechanical tubing ordered cold drawn, cold rolled, ground, turned, or polished shall be protected from corrosion prior to shipment.5.4 PackagingThe product shall be prepared for shipment in accordance with commercial practice and in compliance with applicable rules and regulations pertaining to the handling, packaging, and transportation of the product to ensure carrier acceptance and safe delivery.6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTA vendor shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations and when acknowledging purchase orders.7. REJECTIONSProduct not conforming to this specification, or to modifications authorized by purchaser, will be subject to rejection.8. NOTES8.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technicalrevisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of a specification. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the specification. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in specifications that contain editorial changes only.8.2 Hardness conversion tables for metals are presented in ASTM E 140.8.3 ASTM E 45 and the associated reference micrographs were revised in 1997. Comparison plate identity numberchanged from III to I-r (plate II is unchanged); the contents of the referenced plates have not changed.8.4 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917.8.5 Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units and the Fahrenheit temperatures are primary; dimensions andproperties in SI units and the Celsius temperatures are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only for information.8.6 Purchase documents should specify not less than the following:AMS 6265MProduct form and size or part number of product desiredQuantity of product desired.PREPARED BY AMS COMMITTEE "E"。

SAE-AMS-S-13165ADOPTION NOTICESAE-AMS-S-13165, "SHOT PEENING OF METAL PARTS", was adopted on19-FEB-98 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Army Research Laboratory Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Attn: AMSRL-WM-M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD21005-5069. Copies of this document may be purchased from the Society of Automotive Engineers 400 Commonwealth DriveWarrendale, Pennsylvania, United States, 15096-0001./___________________Custodians:Adopting Activity:Army - MRArmy - MRNavy - ASAir Force - 11AREA MFFPDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A:Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT:(412) 772-7154FAX: (412) 776-02432.APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:The following publications, of the issues in effect on date of invitation for bids or request for proposal, form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein.2.1U.S. Government Publications:Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.MIL-S-851Steel Grit, Shot, and Cut Wire Shot; and Iron Grit and Shot-Blast Cleaning and --``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---PeeningMIL-S-5002Surface Treatments and Inorganic Coatings for Metal Surfaces of WeaponSystemsMIL-G-9954Glass Beads, For Cleaning and PeeningMIL-STD-45662Calibration Systems RequirementsRR-S-366Sieves, T est2.2SAE Publications:Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.J441Cut Wire ShotJ1830Ceramic Shot for Peening3.REQUIREMENTS:3.1Shot:3.1.1Material: The shot used shall be made from cast iron, cast steel, cut steel wire (or stainless cutwire), glass, or ceramic as specified or approved. The hardness shall be determined by any of the various methods applicable to small sections at loads determined to provide a reliable conversion to Rockwell C. Steel and iron shot shall conform to MIL-S-851. For steel parts over 200,000 psi tensile strength, use hard steel shot in the range 55-65 HRC or ceramic shot, hardnesscomparable to 57-63 HRC, unless otherwise specified (see 6.14). Stainless steel cut wire shot, type 302 or 304 (condition B spring temper), and carbon steel cut wire shot shall conform toSAE J441. Glass beads shall conform to MIL-G-9954 except for sieve analysis. Ceramic beads shall meet the requirements of SAE J1830.3.1.2Size: Unless otherwise specified, the size of shot charged into the machine, whether new shot,used shot, or reclassified shot, shall be at the option of the contractor and shall be as specified in table II (cast sizes), table III (cut wire sizes), table IV (glass bead sizes) or table V (ceramic bead sizes).3.1.3Shape: The shot or beads shall be free from sharp edges and inspected for deformed shapes orbroken shapes when examined per 4.3.1, 4.3.3, and figure 7. Cut wire shot, if used, shall bepreused or burnished to eliminate sharp edges (see 6.17.1). A given sample size shall contain no more than the number of unacceptable deformed shapes as shown in figure 7, and defined intable I below (see 3.3.9).TABLE I. Maximum allowable number of unacceptable deformed shapesCast Shot SizesCutWireSizesGlassBeadSizes(Inches)CeramicBeadSizes(Inches)SampleSize(Inches)*Maximum AllowableNumber ofUnacceptableDeformed Shapes930—.132-.094— 1 x 1 8 780—.111-.079— 1 x 111 660CW-62.094-.066— 1 x 116 550CW-54.079-.056— 1 x 122 460CW-47.066-.047— 1 x 132 390CW-41.056-.039— 1 x 145 330CW-35.047-.03310.0461/2 x 1/216—CW-32——1/2 x 1/218 280CW-28.039-.0278—1/2 x 1/223 230CW-23.0331-.02340.0331/2 x 1/232190CW-20.0278-.0197—1/2 x 1/245 170—.0234-.01650.0241/4 x 1/416 130—.0197-.0139—1/4 x 1/423 110—.0165-.01170.0171/4 x 1/43270—.0139-.0098—1/4 x 1/445——.0117-.00830.0121/8 x 1/816——.0098-.0070—1/8 x 1/822——.0083-.00590.0081/8 x 1/831*These numbers are approximations based on approximately 10% of the actual particle count in the given sample size.--` ` , , ` ` , ` , ` , , , , , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---3.2Equipment:3.2.1Automatic shot peening: The machine used for shot peening shall provide means for propellingshot by air pressure or centrifugal force against the work, and mechanical means for moving the work through the shot stream or moving the shot stream through the work in either translation or rotation, or both, as required. The machine shall be capable of reproducing consistently the shot peening intensities required. Except for wet glass bead peening (see 3.3.9), the equipment shall continuously remove broken or defective shot so that this shot will not be used for peening.3.2.2Computer-controlled shot peening: When specified in the contract or purchase order (see 6.2 and6.8), the machine used for shot peening shall be as in 3.2.1 and also shall be equipped withcomputer aided monitoring equipment. This equipment shall continuously monitor critical process parameters through interaction with a sensing system. The media shall be metered to each nozzle and wheel with the desired shot flow. Process parameters shall be as specified by the procuring activity (see 6.9). The machine shall be stopped immediately and corrective action shall be taken when any of the established process limits is violated. The electronic system used for monitoring and controlling shot peening shall include a data recording device which will mark (plot) process interruptions or inconsistencies, and shall be maintained for the purpose of providing a hard copy record.3.3Procedure:3.3.1Dimensions and condition of parts: Areas of parts to be shot peened shall be within dimensionaland surface finish requirements before peening. All heat treatment, machining and grinding shall be completed before shot peening. All fillets shall be formed, all burrs shall be removed, and all sharp edges and corners to be peened shall be provided with sufficient radii to result in complete coverage without any distortion prior to peening (see 6.15).3.3.2Precleaning: Except as otherwise specified or permitted, all areas to be peened shall be cleaned inaccordance with MIL-S-5002. Procedures for stripping coatings shall be as specified or approved in the contract or on the applicable drawings.--``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---3.3.3Masking: Areas of the part or work piece and the dimensional tolerances of these areas which aredesignated in the contract or applicable drawing to be free from any shot peening marks shall be suitably masked or otherwise handled to protect such surfaces from the shot stream or subsequent damage. Areas not requiring peening and not required to be masked shall be considered optional.3.3.4Magnetic particle or penetrant inspection: Except as otherwise specified, when magnetic particleor dye penetrant inspection is required, parts shall be subjected to such inspection before peening.3.3.5Loading: Unless otherwise specified or permitted, parts shall be free from externally applied loadsor forces during shot peening.3.3.6Peening intensity: Unless otherwise specified on the drawing or in the contract, the intensity value of the shot stream used on the part shall be as specified in table VI for the thickness of the material being peened. If only a minimum intensity is specified, the variation from the specified minimum intensity shall be -0, +30% rounded to the nearest unit, but in no case less than 3 intensity units (A,C, or N) unless otherwise specified. For example, a specified peening intensity of 6A would denote an arc height of 0.006-0.009 inches on the “A” specimen. Shot peening of parts shall be accomplished using the same parameters (time, distance, blast pressure, angle of incidence, etc.) as used on the test strip.3.3.7Coverage: Areas of parts shot peened in compliance with design requirements shall be peened to complete visual coverage (see 4.4.1 and 6.11). When a surface on which peening is required is obstructed and it is impossible to obtain complete visual coverage by direct impact, coverage by reflected shot is allowed. Full coverage will not be required if the part is peened only for forming or straightening. Critical applications shall be as specified by the procuring activity (see 4.2 and 6.11).3.3.7.1Boundary variation: Unless otherwise specified, the variation in boundaries of areas to be peened, when limited, shall be -0 to +1/8 inch.3.3.7.2Fillets and shielded areas: Unless otherwise specified, the nominal size of shot used on fillet surfaces shall not be greater than one-half the fillet radius. For slots or other apertures, through which shot must pass to peen shielded critical areas, the nominal shot diameter shall not be greater than 1/4 the diameter or width of such aperture.3.3.8Minimum shot size for peening materials: Except as otherwise specified or permitted, or in cases such as when shielded areas are involved, materials shall not be peened with shot smaller than the following for the intensities given:Intensity Peening Media.012A S-280 or CW-28 or GB (.039-.028) or ceramic bead size .033.016A S-390 or CW-41 or GB (.056-.039) or ceramic bead size .046.020A S-550 or CW-54 or GB (.079-.056)--``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---3.3.9Shot maintenance: The shot or beads shall be maintained in the machine so that not more than 20% of the particles, by weight, shall pass through the sieve number specified in table VII for the shot size used. Metallic shot shall be checked at least every eight hours of operation to assure that not more than 10% of the shot by actual count is deformed or broken; glass beads shall bechecked at least every two hours of operation to assure that not more than 10% of the beads by actual count are deformed or broken (see 3.1.3 and table I). When wet glass peening is used, the entire slurry charge shall be changed at least every two hours for compliance with this requirement. Ceramic beads shall be checked at least every four hours to assure that not more than 5% of the beads by actual count are deformed or broken. In all cases, at least one determination shall be made at the beginning and one at the end of each period of operation or part change.3.3.10Post treatments: No manufacturing operations which relieve stresses developed by peening orwhich develop detrimental residual stresses shall be permitted after shot peening. When peened parts are heated after shot peening as for baking of protective coatings, to relieve hydrogenembrittlement after electroplating, or other thermal treatment, the temperatures employed shall be limited as follows (see 6.13):3.3.10.1Residual shot removal: After shot peening and removal of protecting masks, all shot and shotfragments shall be removed from surfaces of articles. Only methods which will not erode or scratch surfaces shall be used.3.3.10.2Cleaning: Aluminum alloy parts which have been peened with metallic shot shall be chemicallycleaned by a preapproved cleaning procedure.MaterialTemperature Steel parts*475°F maximum Stainless steel parts** 750°F maximum Aluminum alloy parts 200°F maximum Magnesium alloy parts 200°F maximum Titanium alloy parts 600°F maximum Nickel alloy parts 1000°F maximum Cobalt alloy parts 1000°F maximum*Except 300°F for steel parts that aretempered below the recommended 475°F maximum, after a quench hardening operation.**Except 475°F for PH steels and cold worked 300 series stainless steels.--``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---3.3.10.3Protection from corrosion: Shot peened parts shall be protected from corrosion duringprocessing and until final coating or packaging is completed. The method of protection shall be as specified or approved in the contract or purchase order.4.QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS:4.1Responsibility for inspection:Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor is responsible for the performance of all inspection requirements (examinations and tests) as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unlessdisapproved by the Government. The Government reserves the right to perform any of theinspections set forth in this specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure supplies and services conform to prescribed requirements.4.1.1Responsibility for compliance: All items shall meet all requirements of section 3. The inspectionset forth in this specification shall become a part of the contractor’s overall inspection system or quality program. The absence of any inspection requirements in the specification shall not relieve the contractor of the responsibility of ensuring that all products or supplies submitted to theGovernment for acceptance comply with all requirements of the contract. Sampling inspection, as part of manufacturing operations, is an acceptable practice to ascertain conformance torequirements, however, this does not authorize submission of known defective material, eitherindicated or actual, nor does it commit the Government to accept defective material.4.2Shot peening intensity:Unless otherwise specified on the drawing or in the contract, the peening intensity value used on the part shall be as specified in table VI for the material thickness involved; and peening intensities shall be monitored at all locations specified by the procuring activity in accordance with 4.2.4 (see6.5). 4.2.1Sampling: At least one intensity determination shall be made to represent each machine for eachtwo hours of continuous operation or fraction thereof where glass beads are used, for each four hours of continuous operation or fraction thereof where ceramic beads are used, and for each eight hours of continuous operation or fraction thereof where cast steel, cast iron, or cut steel wire (or stainless cut wire) shot is used. In all cases, at least one determination shall be made at thebeginning and one at the end of each period of operation or part change.4.2.2Test strip specimens: A test strip specimen is an Almen test strip used to measure “intensity.” Atleast two test strip specimens conforming in dimensions and mechanical properties to figures 1, 2 or 3 shall be used for each intensity determination at each location.4.2.3Saturation curve: For initial process development, a saturation curve shall be generated for eachlocation where intensity is to be verified. A curve is produced by exposing individual test strips for increasing time periods and plotting the results (exposure time vs. arc height). A minimum of four points other than zero shall be used to define the curve; one of the four points used to indicatesaturation shall be at least double the time of the saturation point. Saturation is achieved when, as the exposure time for the test strips is doubled, the arc height does not increase by more than 10% (see figure 8 and 6.12). The arc height at saturation for each location must be within the requiredarc height range for that location. The reuse of test strips is not permitted.4.2.4Test procedure: The test strip specimens selected in accordance with 4.2.1 shall be attached asshown in figure 5, to holders of the form and dimensions shown in figure 4, and mounted on afixture or article and exposed to the shot stream in a manner which simulates conditions used for the articles. The test strips shall be run for the saturation time established by the saturation curve (see 4.2.3). After exposure the test strips shall be removed from the holders and the amount of deflection measured with a micrometer gage, of the form and dimensions shown in figure 6. The arc height or amount of deflection measured on the test strips shall be within the specified intensity range (see 3.3.6). If the arc height measured is not within the intensity range specified, theprocess parameters must be adjusted and new saturation curves must be run (see 4.2.3). In using the micrometer gage, the central portion of the unpeened side of the test strip shall be placedagainst the indicator stem of the gage. A peened test strip shall not be re-peened after beingremoved from the test strip holder.4.2.5Test records: Test strip specimens and test records shall accompany peened parts, and shall beinspected along with the appropriate lot. The following information shall be recorded for eachspecimen:(a)Lot number and other production control numbers(b)Part number(c)Number of parts in lot(d)Date peened(e)Shot peening machine used and machine settings(f)Specified peening intensity and actual peening intensity by test strip identification numbers iftest fixture requires use of more than one strip(g)Shot size, type, hardness, standoff (distance), length of time of exposure to shot stream, andshot flow rate (see 6.17.6)(h)Percent coverage(i)Shot velocity or air pressure4.2.6Computer-controlled shot peening: When auxiliary computer controlled equipment is used,calibration of the monitoring systems shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-45662. Intensityverification as per 4.2.4 shall be done prior to initial operation and after any calibration.--` ` , , ` ` , ` , ` , , , , , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---4.3Shot size and uniformity:4.3.1Sampling: Sampling for shot size and uniformity shall be at the frequencies specified in 4.2.1 forintensity. Where cut wire shot is used, it shall be inspected for absence of sharp edges androundness (see 3.1.3).4.3.2Test procedure: Tests for shot size and uniformity for compliance with the requirements of 3.1 shallbe made using sieves conforming to Federal Specification RR-S-366.4.3.3Visual examination (sample size): Samples of shot for visual examination shall consist of thenumber of shot in one layer which completely fills an area of 1, 1/2, 1/4, or 1/8 inch square asapplicable (see table I). If feasible a minimum of 100 beads or pieces of shot shall constitute asingle sample (see 6.16). Acceptable and unacceptable shapes are shown in figure 7.4.4Inspection of shot peened articles:4.4.1Coverage: Unless otherwise specified articles shall be 100% visually inspected for compliance withthe coverage requirements of 3.3.7 using either method described in 6.11a or 6.11b.4.4.2Corrosion protection: Articles shall be inspected for compliance with the method of protectionspecified in the contract or purchase order.5.PACKAGING:This section is not applicable to this specification.6.NOTES:(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but is not mandatory.)6.1Intended use:Shot peening is intended to induce surface compressive stresses in metal parts which are subjected to repeated applications of complex load patterns such as axles, springs (helical, torsional and leaf), gears, shafting, aircraft landing gear, structural parts, etc., for the purpose of improving resistance to fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. Ceramic and glass bead peening, either wet or dry, is used when iron contamination of non-ferrous parts is a consideration.6.2Acquisition requirements:The following will be as specified or approved in the contract or in the applicable drawings:(a)Title, number, and date of this specification(b)Issue of DODISS to be cited in the solicitation, and if required, the specific issue of individualdocuments referenced (see 2.1.1 and 2.2)(c)The type of shot to be used (see 3.1.1)(d)Shot size (and hardness if cast steel shot is to be used), if particular size required (see 3.1.2,3.3.7.2, 3.3.8 and 6.7)(e)Type of equipment to be used - automatic or computer controlled (see 3.2.1 and 3.2.2)(f)Methods for cleaning surfaces and methods for stripping coatings, if applicable (see 3.3.2)(g)Designation of locations to be peened (including intensity verification areas), or locations to befree from peening as applicable (see 3.3.3)(h)If magnetic particle or dye penetrant inspection is required on peened parts (see 3.3.4)(i)If externally applied forces are permissible during peening (see 3.3.5)(j)Intensity requirements if other than 3.3.6(k)Over performance peening coverage when required to insure 100% coverage for performance on critical applications (see 3.3.7)(l)Method of coverage verification (see 3.3.7 and 6.11)(m)Shot size limitations in obstructed areas, boundaries, and other peening operations (see3.3.8) (n)Specific cleaning formulation(s) or approved cleaning procedure for peened parts, if applicable (see 3.3.10.2)(o)Method of protecting shot peened parts from corrosion (see 3.3.10.3)6.3Effective peening:Shot peening, to have the desired effect, requires that the specified intensity and coverage beachieved on critical areas (see 6.17.3), where high tensile stresses or stress ranges are most likely to cause fatigue or stress corrosion failures in service.6.4Special peening procedure:Where a special procedure is required, applicable drawings or a contract will designate such critical areas (see 4.2).6.5Additional peening:Shielded or partially shielded areas, walls of deep recesses, or other areas less accessible to the maximum effect of the blast stream will receive less peening as to intensity and coverage than more exposed or more favorably oriented areas, and may therefore require additional peening orrepositioning of the part to achieve correct peening in these areas. Use of special nozzle equipment or employment of deflector peening operations may be useful in diminishing the amount of additional peening.--``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---6.6Peening in thin sections:The peening of very thin or small sections to high intensities should be avoided because of thedistortion and high residual tensile stresses in the core material that may result from such peening.6.7Shot size selection:In selecting shot sizes, consideration should be given to the following factors:(a)Shape of parts(b)Size of fillets (small shot to get into small fillets, etc.) (see 3.3.7.2)(c)Intensity desired (the size of shot limits the intensity which can be obtained in a given peeningmachine). Therefore, it may be necessary to use a larger shot to obtain a higher intensity or to reduce intensity requirements when shot must be small for consideration (b)(d)Finish (at equal intensities larger shot will produce a finer surface finish)(e)Whether or not to use small shot at high intensity on aluminum or magnesium alloy parts6.8Computer-controlled shot peening selection:Computer-controlled shot peening equipment should be considered for use in the followinginstances:(a)Man flight vehicle components(b)Components where shot peening is used as part of the design strength of the component(c)Components which are considered critical to system success6.9Process parameters:Parameters which may affect the shot peening process include, but are not limited to, the following:(a)Shot flow rate(b)Air pressure or wheel speed (RPM)(c)Impact angle(d)Distance of nozzle(s) or wheel(s) from workpiece(e)Relative motion between workpiece and nozzle(s) or wheel(s)Shot peening procedures should be as agreed upon between the contractor and the procuringactivity and will comply with the process parameters established in 3.2.2 and 3.3.6.10Intensity comparisons:For comparisons of the nominal intensity designations, type C test specimen deflection may be multiplied by 3.5 to obtain the approximate deflection of a type A test strip. Test strip “A” is ordinarily used for arc heights up to 0.024 inches; for higher intensity peening, test strip C is used. Forintensities below .004A the type “N” test strip should be used. For comparison of the nominal --``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---intensity designations, type “A” test strip deflection may be multiplied by three to obtain theapproximate deflection of a type “N” test strip (see figures 1, 2 and 3).- 13 -6.11Coverage:Complete visual coverage is defined as a uniform and complete denting or obliterating of the original surface of the part or work piece as determined by either of the following methods:(a)Visual examination using a ten power magnifying glass.(b)Visual examination using a ten power magnifying glass in conjunction with an additional visualexamination using an approved liquid tracer system (see 6.17.4) may be used for process control by the contractor. Unless otherwise specified, the procedure for using an approved liquid tracer system is described as follows:Prepare a control specimen of the actual work piece. Coat this control specimen with tracer liquid by dipping, spraying, or painting and allow the liquid to dry. Check the specimen under a light (an ultraviolet light is used for a fluorescent tracer system) to insure that complete coating of the area to be shot peened has been accomplished. This control specimen is shot peened using the correct intensity and parameters specified for complete coverage and is then re-examined under the light (or ultraviolet light) in order to determine if the tracer residue has been completely removed. Full coverage is indicated by complete removal of the tracer residue. Coverage of actual production pieces can be established by using the same procedure used for control specimens. This can be done by utilizing the liquid tracer for each part or on a statistical sampling basis.NOTE:The liquid tracer system must be approved by the procuring activity. Data, showing that100% coverage of the part is obtainable by using this tracer system, is required.6.12Intensity:Intensity can only be established by plotting a saturation curve, as shown in figure 8, and assuring that the required intensity (determined by the arc height of the test strip) falls on the right side of the knee of the curve. By doubling the time of exposure, the arc height of a test strip should not increase by more than 10%.--``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---6.13Process temperatures:Processing or service temperatures of shot peened parts shall be limited to the temperatures in3.3.10 unless test data for specific applications support the satisfactory use of higher temperatures.NOTE:Operations performed after shot peening such as auxiliary electrodeposited coatings may cause tensile stresses on the steel surface. Procedures for relieving these stresses will bespecified in the contract, or part drawing, or will be in accordance with the applicablespecification.6.14Multiple exposure times:Although test strips peened to saturation generally exhibit complete (100%) visual coverage,additional factors may need to be built into the contractor’s process or procedure which will insure that minimum coverage has been specified for the peening of steels over 200,000 psi tensilestrength and/or for critical applications when over performance peening is required to insurecomplete coverage (see 3.3.7). Unless otherwise specified the factors required to achieve 100% coverage is the responsibility of the contractor.6.15Condition of material before peening:For informational purposes, MIL-P-81985, the military specification for peening of metals, discusses the condition of material prior to peening.6.16Examination of shot sample:It may be necessary to use a lighted binocular microscope to inspect the smaller shot for size and uniformity (see 4.3.3).6.17Definitions:6.17.1Burnishing: Burnishing is the smoothing of surfaces by rubbing or tumbling, accomplished chieflyby the movement rather than the removal of the surface layer.6.17.2Contractor: An individual or organization outside the U.S. Government which has accepted anytype of agreement or order for providing research, supplies, or services to a U.S. Governmentagency.6.17.3Critical: The term critical, as in critical areas, is where a failure of any portion would cause loss ofsystem, loss of major component, or loss of personnel.6.17.4Liquid tracer system: A tracer system that employs liquid coating material which removes at a rateproportioned to peening coverage. A fluorescent tracer system has, in addition, a pigment which fluoresces under ultraviolet light.--``,,``,`,`,,,,,`,`,,``,,,``,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---- 14 -。