Trade Compliance,customs & IQB

报关报检常用英语Customs Declaration and Inspection: Common English TermsCustoms declaration is an essential process ininternational trade, ensuring that goods are compliant with import and export regulations. Here are some commonly used English terms in the field of customs declaration and inspection:1. Declaration - The act of submitting information about imported or exported goods to the customs authorities.2. Customs Broker - A licensed professional who assists with customs clearance procedures.3. Harmonized System (HS) Code - A standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products.4. Invoice - A document issued by the seller to the buyer, detailing the products, quantities, and agreed prices.5. Bill of Lading - A legal document between the shipper and the carrier, specifying the terms of the transport of goods.6. Packaging List - A document that lists the contents ofa shipment, including the quantity and description of each item.7. Value Declaration - The statement of the true market value of the goods being imported or exported.8. Duty - A tax levied by a government on imports or exports.9. Tariff - A schedule of duties or taxes imposed on goods.10. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) - A treaty between two or more countries that reduces or eliminates trade barriers.11. Quarantine - The period during which imported goodsare inspected for compliance with health and safety standards.12. Inspection - The process by which customs authorities examine goods to ensure they meet legal requirements.13. Seizure - The act of taking possession of goods that violate customs regulations.14. Release Order - A document issued by customsauthorities that allows the release of goods from customs control.15. Transshipment - The transfer of goods from onecarrier, vessel, or vehicle to another while in transit.16. Export License - A document required for the exportof certain goods, indicating compliance with export controlregulations.17. Import Permit - A document required for the import of certain goods, indicating compliance with import control regulations.18. Customs Bond - A financial guarantee that ensures the payment of duties and taxes.19. Non-Duty Paid (NDP) - Goods that have not yet had the required duties and taxes paid.20. Temporary Importation - Goods brought into a country for a limited period without payment of duties, under certain conditions.Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone involved in international trade to navigate the customs process efficiently and ensure compliance with all relevant regulations.。

英语海关工作计划范文1. IntroductionThe Customs Work Plan outlines the strategies, objectives, and action plans that will guide the work of the customs department for the next year. It aims to ensure the smooth operation of international trade and effective enforcement of customs laws and regulations. This plan focuses on key areas such as risk management, trade facilitation, customs modernization, and collaboration with international partners.2. ObjectivesThe objectives of the customs department for the next year are as follows:- Enhance risk management practices to facilitate trade while ensuring compliance with customs laws.- Promote trade facilitation through the implementation of customs modernization programs.- Strengthen cooperation and collaboration with international partners to combat smuggling and other illicit activities.- Improve customs clearance processes to reduce clearance time and enhance customer satisfaction.- Enhance customs intelligence and intelligence sharing to prevent smuggling and other customs fraud.- Strengthen border security measures to detect and prevent the entry of prohibited and dangerous goods.3. Strategies and Action Plans3.1 Risk ManagementObjective: Enhance risk management practices to facilitate trade while ensuring compliance with customs laws.Strategies:- Develop and implement a risk management framework that includes risk assessment, profiling, and targeting.- Strengthen the capacity of risk management officers through training programs and workshops.- Enhance collaboration with other government agencies and international partners in sharing risk information.- Conduct regular risk assessments to identify high-risk areas, goods, and entities.- Develop risk profiles for identified high-risk areas, goods, and entities.- Implement targeted inspections and examinations based on risk profiles.- Review and update the risk management framework periodically.3.2 Trade FacilitationObjective: Promote trade facilitation through the implementation of customs modernization programs.Strategies:- Simplify customs procedures and documentation requirements to reduce the time and cost of trade.- Implement electronic customs systems to streamline clearance processes.- Foster partnership and cooperation with the business community to promote voluntary compliance.Action Plans:- Conduct a comprehensive review of customs procedures and documentation requirements. - Identify and eliminate unnecessary administrative requirements and duplication of procedures.- Develop and implement an electronic customs system to automate clearance processes.- Provide training and capacity building programs for customs officers and traders on customs modernization.3.3 International CooperationObjective: Strengthen cooperation and collaboration with international partners to combat smuggling and other illicit activities.Strategies:- Enhance information sharing and intelligence exchange with international partners.- Conduct joint operations and investigations with international counterparts.- Facilitate mutual assistance and cooperation in customs enforcement.- Establish and strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation agreements with international partners.- Share customs intelligence and trends with international counterparts through secure channels.- Conduct joint operations and investigations targeting smuggling networks and illicit activities.- Provide training programs for customs officers on international customs cooperation. 3.4 Customs Clearance ProcessesObjective: Improve customs clearance processes to reduce clearance time and enhance customer satisfaction.Strategies:- Implement a risk-based approach to customs clearance.- Simplify and streamline customs procedures.- Enhance the capacity and skills of customs clearance officers.Action Plans:- Conduct time and motion studies to identify bottlenecks and areas for process improvement.- Develop and implement a risk-based approach to customs clearance, including pre-arrival and post-clearance controls.- Simplify customs declaration and documentation requirements.- Provide training programs for customs officers on customer service and effective clearance procedures.3.5 Customs IntelligenceObjective: Enhance customs intelligence and intelligence sharing to prevent smuggling and other customs fraud.Strategies:- Establish a dedicated customs intelligence unit.- Enhance customs intelligence capabilities through training and capacity building.- Develop and implement intelligence-led operations and investigations.Action Plans:- Establish a dedicated customs intelligence unit responsible for intelligence gathering, analysis, and dissemination.- Provide training programs for customs intelligence officers on intelligence techniques and analysis.- Develop intelligence-led operations and investigations targeting smuggling networks and customs fraud.- Strengthen collaboration with other intelligence and law enforcement agencies.3.6 Border SecurityObjective: Strengthen border security measures to detect and prevent the entry of prohibited and dangerous goods.Strategies:- Enhance the use of technology and equipment for border security.- Improve the capacity and skills of border control officers.- Strengthen cooperation with other border control agencies.Action Plans:- Procure and deploy advanced technology and equipment for border security, such as X-ray scanners and drug detection devices.- Provide training programs for border control officers on border security techniques and procedures.- Establish joint border control operations and patrols with other agencies, such as police and immigration.- Enhance information sharing and intelligence exchange with other border control agencies.4. Monitoring and EvaluationThe customs department will establish a monitoring and evaluation framework to track the implementation and effectiveness of the action plans outlined in this work plan. Key performance indicators will be developed to measure progress and identify areas for improvement. Regular progress reports will be provided to senior management and stakeholders to ensure transparency and accountability.In conclusion, this customs work plan outlines the strategies, objectives, and action plans that will guide the work of the customs department for the next year. It aims to enhance risk management practices, promote trade facilitation, strengthen international cooperation, improve customs clearance processes, enhance customs intelligence, and strengthen border security measures. Through the implementation of this plan, the customs department aims to ensure the smooth operation of international trade while effectively enforcing customs laws and regulations.。

跨境电商国际贸易流程With the increasing trend of globalization, cross-border e-commerce has become an important aspect of international trade. 跨境电商是指通过互联网将商品或服务销售到国外市场，这种形式的贸易正在不断增长。

This form of trade allows businesses to reach a global audience, tapping into new markets and increasing their revenue streams. 通过跨境电商，企业可以更广泛地接触全球市场，开辟新的市场并增加收入来源。

However, the international trade process for cross-border e-commerce can be complex and challenging, as it involves various regulations, tariffs, and customs procedures. 然而，跨境电商国际贸易流程可能会很复杂和具有挑战性，因为涉及到各种法规、关税和海关程序。

One of the key challenges in cross-border e-commerce international trade process is dealing with customs clearance and duties. 在跨境电商国际贸易流程中，处理海关清关和关税是一个关键挑战。

Customs regulations vary from country to country, and ensuring compliance with these regulations can be time-consuming and costly. 各国的海关规定不尽相同，确保遵守这些规定可能会耗费时间和金钱。

汽车出口贸易的基本流程1.汽车出口贸易的第一步是与国外买家建立联系。

The first step in car export trade is to make contact with foreign buyers.2.确定买家的需求和订单规格是非常重要的。

It is crucial to determine the buyer's needs and order specifications.3.在与买家确定订单后，需要与汽车生产厂商协商生产和交付计划。

After confirming the order with the buyer, it is necessary to negotiate production and delivery plans with the car manufacturer.4.生产和质量检验完成后，汽车需要进行出口报关手续。

After production and quality inspection, cars need to go through export customs clearance procedures.5.同时，需要办理货物运输保险，确保货物在运输途中的安全。

Meanwhile, cargo transportation insurance needs to be arranged to ensure the safety of the goods during transportation.6.安排适当的运输方式，可以是海运、空运或陆运。

Arrange appropriate transportation methods, which can be sea freight, air freight, or land transportation.7.对出口国家的相关贸易法规和条例进行了解，确保出口程序符合法律规定。

Understand the relevant trade regulations and laws of the importing country to ensure that the export procedures comply with legal requirements.8.准备所有出口文件和证明，包括发票、装箱单、提单、产地证明等。

External Trade Work DescriptionIn the field of external trade, professionals are tasked with overseeing various aspects of international business transactions. This role involves managing and facilitating the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Below is a detailed description of the typical responsibilities and tasks involved in external trade work:Job Responsibilities1.Market Research: External trade professionals conduct marketresearch to identify potential opportunities for international trade. Thisinvolves analyzing market trends, consumer preferences, and economicconditions in different countries.2.Supplier and Customer Relations: Building and maintainingrelationships with suppliers and customers are crucial in external trade.Professionals negotiate terms of trade, contracts, and agreements to ensuresmooth transactions.3.Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Coordinating themovement of goods from suppliers to customers is a key responsibility inexternal trade. This involves managing inventory, transportation, and delivery schedules.4.Customs and Compliance: Understanding and adhering tointernational trade regulations and customs requirements is essential to ensure the legality of transactions. Professionals must stay updated on changes intrade policies and tariffs.5.Financial Management: External trade professionals handle financialaspects such as pricing, invoicing, payment terms, and currency exchange. They must manage budgets effectively to achieve profitability.6.Documentation and Recordkeeping: Keeping accurate records oftransactions, contracts, and communications is crucial in external trade. This ensures transparency and facilitates auditing processes.7.Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating risks in internationaltrade, such as currency fluctuations, political instability, or supply chaindisruptions, is vital to protect the interests of the business.Skills Requiredmunication Skills: External trade professionals need strongverbal and written communication skills to negotiate effectively withinternational partners and communicate complex information clearly.2.Analytical Skills: Analyzing market trends, financial data, and traderegulations requires strong analytical abilities to make informed decisions.3.Negotiation Skills: Successful external trade professionals are adeptat negotiating terms, resolving conflicts, and reaching mutually beneficialagreements with partners.4.Attention to Detail: Precision in documentation, compliance, andfinancial management is critical to avoid errors that could lead to legal orfinancial consequences.5.Cultural Awareness: Understanding cultural differences and customsin different countries is essential to build strong relationships and navigateinternational business environments.ConclusionExternal trade work is a dynamic and challenging field that requires a diverse skill set to navigate the complexities of global commerce. Professionals in this role play a vital role in facilitating international trade and driving economic growth. By effectively managing relationships, logistics, compliance, and financial aspects, external trade professionals contribute to the success of businesses operating on a global scale.。

S hipping、Trading and Chartering and Terms Definitions国际贸易、航运、租船和保险缩略语Abbreviation MeaningC (cj-cy)CJF China-Japan International Ferry CO.,LTD.中日国际轮渡有限公司CKD －completely knocked down.全组装，全分解的，全拆卸的，完全低价－cars knocked down.汽车拆卸，汽车部件CKS CHUN KYUNG Shipping Co.,Ltd. 天敬海运株式会社CL －carload 整车货－containerload 整箱（集装箱）货－cargo list 货物清单，装货清单－claim 索赔，要求－classification 分类。

定级－clause 条款－completion of loading 装货完毕－common law 习惯法，不成文法，普通法（案例法）－container lease 集装箱租赁合同－container leasing 集装箱租赁－container load 集装箱满载，满载集装箱－continuous line(r) 定期航线，定期(班轮)－contract logistics 合同物流－Columbus Line 哥伦布航运公司(德国)－craft loss 船舶灭失，船舶沉没－crew list 船员名单－current law 现行法律－customs liquidation (货物)海关清关CLA cargo loading adaptability 货物适载性能CLANSA Compania Latino Americana de Navegakion S.A.南美邮船公司CL.B/L clean bill of lading 清洁提单Clayton Act An anti trust act of the U.S. Congress making pricediscrimination unlawful.美国国会反价格歧视法CLC －Civil Liability Convention国际损害民事责任公约－confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证－container loading charge (including inland drayage)集装箱内陆/地装箱费（包括内陆拖箱费）CLL International Load Line Certificate 国际载重线证书CLN Cheng Lie Navigation Co.,Ltd 正利航业有限公司CLNC;CLNE clearance （船舶的）结关，出（入）港证CLOU Clou Container Leasing GmbH CLOU租箱公司(德国) CLP container loading plan 集装箱装箱单CLPC Cargo Loss Prevention Committee货物损失保护委员会CLS Chiu Lun Container Co.,Ltd 朝联货柜有限公司CM －cross Member 集装箱底板横梁－consignee mark (收货人) 唛头－container manifest 集装箱装载清单－cargo manifest 载货清单，货物舱单CM (CM3) cubic meter (capital letters) 立方米CM －centimeter (厘米)－care and maintenance 维修与保养－case mark 货箱标记－certificate Master 船长证书，合格船长－certificate of manufacturer 厂商证明书－commerce maritime 海上贸易－commission 佣金－common market 共同市场－correction manifest 更正舱单－courier mail 专送邮件CMA Compagnie Maritime d’Affretement法国达飞海运公司CMC contract marine carrier 合同海运承运人CMCL China Merchants Co.,ltd. 招商货柜航运有限公司CMI －Code Maritime International 国际航海电码－Comite Maritime International (InternationalMaritime Committee) 国际海事委员会－Conference Maghreb/Italie 意大利/马格里布公会CMIB Conference Maritime International et Baltique(Balticand International Maritime Conference)波罗的海国际航运公会CML container maritime line集装箱海运班轮，集装箱海运公司CMR International Convention on the Contract for theCarriage of Goods by Road国际公路货物运输合同协定CMSNC China Merchants Steam Navigation Company, Ltd招商局轮船股份有限公司（香港）CMT －continental marine terminal 海陆联运港－cement 水泥－custom marine towage 海上习惯拖带C/N －consignment note 发货通知书－credit note 付款通知，汇款通知－container number 集装箱号CN cargo NOS (税则)未列名货物C／N －consignment note 发货通知书－cover note 认保单－credit note 贷方通知单CNCC China National Chartering Corporation中国租船公司CNEE consignee 收货人CNF －cannot find 不能找到－confirm 确认，保兑－cost and freight 成本加运费价格CNFFO cost and freight free out成本加运费船方不负责卸货费用价格CNFM confirm 确认CNMT/CONSGT consignment 发运、托运、托付CNOR consignor 发货人、托运人CNS Canadian National Steamships 加拿大国家轮船公司CNTR －counter 计算器，相反的，还盘，还价－container 集装箱C/O(C0) －certificate of origin原产地证明，领事签证原产地证明书－care of (信) 请…转交－certificate of ownership 所有权证书－certificate of origin 产地证－change order 更改令－check out 检查，核实无误－chief officer (chief mate) 大副－block coefficient （船型）肥瘠系数，方形系数－counter offer 还盘，还价－cube out 暴仓－clip-on 集装箱制冷机COA contract of affreightment 包船运输合同，包运合同COACP contract of affreightment charter party包运租船合同COAM coamings （舱口）围板；围栏COB －clean on board 完整装船，已装船－closing of business （租船）停业－cargo on board 已装船货物，在船上货物－confirmation of balance余款确认书/结余保付书/差价确认书COBLDN closing of business London 伦敦停租，伦敦还船COC －carriers owned containers 船东箱，承运人箱－certificate of seaworthiness 适航证书－container operation center 集装箱作业中心－contract of carriage 运输契约COCENAVE Vale do Rio Doce Navegacao多西和流域航运公司（巴西）COCS －container control system 集装箱控制（管理）系统－container operation control system集装箱操作控制系统C.O.D(COD) －cash on delivery 货到付款，现金交货－collect(cash) on Delivery 货到收款－carried on docket(pricing)完税价格表－cargo on deck 舱面货（物），甲板货（物）－channel of distribution 销售管道/渠道，配送渠道－coding 编码－change original destination fee 改港费COD －charge of diversion 转港费－centralized or decentralized 集中仓储或分散仓储CODNT could not 不能COF certificate of fitness 适装证书C.O.F.C. container-on flat-car(rail flat car)(铁路)平板车装运的集装箱COFFC cause of failure, effect and correction故障、原因/影响及排出C/Offr counter offer 还价，还盘CofGH Cape of Good Hope 好望角COFIFE Conferencia de Fletes Italo Franco/Espanola(Italy-France/Spain Conference)(意)意大利-法国/西班牙公会COG －carriage of goods 货物运输－center of gravity 重心－clearance of goods 报关COGSA Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 海上货物运输法COH Coheung Shipping Co.,ltd. 京汉船务有限公司COI －certificate of inspection （船舶）检验证书－Certificate of insurance 保险证明书COLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea《国际海上人命安全公约》COLREG Convention on the International Regulations forPreventing Collisions at Sea《国际海上避碰规则公约》COM commission 佣金COMANAV Compagnie Marocaine de Navigation摩洛哥航运公司COMAUNAM Compagnie Mauritanienne de Navigation毛里塔尼亚航运公司Combibill combined transport bill of lading 联合运输提单COMBICONBILL Combined Transport Bill of Lading 19711971年联合运输提单Combidoc Combined Transport Document 19771977年联合运输单据COMBITERMS Delivery terms for Int’l Groupage traffic国际成组运输交货条款（货运代理人之间）COMBOS combinations (多式)联运COM&EXPc commission and expenses 佣金与费用COMI commercial invoice 商业发票COML.PPR commercial paper 商业票据COMM commodity 商品COMM.AGT commission agent 委托代理COMPL －complain 投诉，抱怨－complex 合成的，复合的－completing(also compt) 完成，完毕全套的交船－in compliance 依从….，按照，根据CON －closure of navigation 封航，禁航－Contrans GmbH 康曲兰士集装箱公司（德国）CONBILL Uniform Bill of Lading Clauses 1946(to be used whenno charter party is signed)1946年标准提单（代号），当租船合同尚未签订时使用的提单CONBILL conference bill of lading 公会提单CONEC －Continent-Near East Conference 大陆－近东公会－CONECCA Conferencia Espana-Caribe/CentroAmerica (Span-Caribbean/Central AmericanConference) 西班牙－加勒比海/中美洲公会CONGENBILL conference general cargo bill of lading公会杂货提单CONGESTION port/berth delays 港口拥挤，港口堵塞，港口滞期CONLINEBILL liner bill of lading (liner terms approved by the Balticand International Maritime Conference)标准班轮提单（波罗的海国际航运公会认可的班轮条款）CONLINE B/L CONLINE bill of lading 班轮公会提单CONLINEBOOKING liner booking note to be used with “conlinebill” linerbill of lading 与标准班轮提单一起使用的班轮订舱单CONS consumption 消耗CONSA consular shipping adviser 领事馆海运顾问CONSAT condition satisfactory 情况良好，状况良好CONSECS consecutive voyages 连续航次CONT continent of Europe 欧洲大陆Cont. A/H Continent, Antwerp-Hamburg range大陆安特为普-汉堡范围的各港口CONTBD contraband 走私，走私货，违禁品，禁运品Cont.B/H Continent, Bordeaux-Hamburg range大陆波尔多（法国港口）-汉堡范围内航线CONTD contracted 已约定的，已订约的CONT. H/H Continent, Havre-Hamburg range欧洲大陆、勒哈弗尔（法国港口）-汉堡范围航线（指定港装/卸）CONTI continental （欧洲）大陆的，欧洲人CONT/RO-RO/B container/roll-on/roll off/bulk集装箱/滚装/散装多用途船CONWAY Baltic Conference Clause in Respect of CustomsDuty in Coastwise Trade,19621962年沿海贸易关税波罗的海航运公会条款COOC contract with oil or other cargo油或其他货物合同条款COOP cooperage 开桶取样费，桶装费CO-OP cooperation 合作COP －customs of port 海关码头－cash on presentation of documents 见票即付款－customer order processing 客户订单处理－custom of the port 港口惯例，商港习惯COR combination of rate 分段相加运价CORP. corporation 公司C0S －cash on shipment 装船付款－chamber of shipping 航运会，航运协会－central operating system 中央操作系统－custom of the port 港口惯例，商港习惯COSCE c ause of ship’s certificate 船舶证书原因COSCHARD China Ocean Shipping Company Chartering中国远洋轮船公司租船部(“中远租”)COSCO China Ocean Shipping Company 中国远洋运输公司COT －cargo oil tanks 货油舱，货油轮－cut-off time 结载时间COSTACO China Ocean Shipping T ally Company中国外轮理货公司COTIF Convention concerning Int’s Carriage by Rail国际铁路运输公约COW crude oil washing 原油洗舱COWAC Continent West Africa Conference 大陆西非航运公会CP；C/P；C&P －Captain’s Protest 船长海事声明－car pooling 联合租用/雇用的运输工具－cargo preference 特惠货物－carriage paid; (运费已付)－capital stock 股本－carriage and packing运费和包装费，运输和包装作业－carriage paid 运费已付，运费付讫－cash price 现金售价－charges paid 费用已付，各项费用付讫－charter party; 租船合同/租约－check point （车辆）检查站－collective Paper 收费凭证，收费文件－compulsory pilotage 强制引航/引水－condition precedent 先决条件－container pool 集装箱用箱协议－contract price 合同价格－corner posts 集装箱角柱－cost price 成本价格，原价－customs of port (港口惯例)C/PB/L charter party bill of lading租船提单（按租船人要求或租约规定擅制的提单）CPD charterers pay dues 租船人负担税金CPFF cost plus fixed fee 成本加固定佣金价格CPH compensation per hour worked每工作小时报酬额CPI －China Shipowners Mutual Protection & IndemnityAssociation 中国船东互保协会－Consumer Price Index （居民）消费价格指数CPLTC Conference Port Liner Term Charges港口班轮装卸条款公会CPN Pacific North West Container Line太平洋西北集装箱航运公司CPP clean petroleum products 清洁石油产品CPT －carriage paid to运费付至（….指定目的地）－Panama Canal Special Tonnage Certificate《巴拿马运河特别吨位证书》CPV －concrete pressure vessel 压力水泥船－customs patrol vessels 海关巡逻船－Corporacion Peruana de Vapores 秘鲁轮船公司CQ －certificate of quality 质量证（明）书－commercial quality 商品质量CQD customary quick despatch按港口习惯迅速装卸，不计滞／速费(or: similar to customary dispatch)CR －c aptain’s receipt (船长)随船单据证明－cargo receipt 货物承运收据－carload rate 整车运费－carriers risk (alss C/R) 承运人风险，损失由船东负责－certificate of registry (船舶)登记证书－centre (also c, Lloyd’s Registr)Cr.<劳氏船级社>中心－charterer 租船人－charter rates 租船运费率－China Register 中国船舶登记局－classification rating 分类运价表，分级运价－classification register 船级公告－combination Rate 联合运价，联运运价－commodity rate 特定商品运价率－cost rate 成本费率；Or：cost reduction 成本降低，费用减少－cranes (Lloyd’s Register) 劳氏船级社－起货设备－company’s risk 公司风险，损失由公司承担－construction rate 比例运价－continuous replenish 连续补货－contract requirement 合同要求－crew 船员－current rate 现行费率－customs report 海关报告CRD －discharging at current rate 现行卸货费（现价）－current rate discharging按现行费率卸货（或支付卸货费）－current rate for discharge 现行卸货费率CRM cash on receipt of merchandise货到付款，收货即付款CRN －customs registered number 海关登记序号－crane 吊机－China Overseas Company ltd. 联华航业有限公司CROB cargo remaining on board 货留船上CRP continuous replenishment program 连续补充库存计划CRS cold rolled steel 冷轧钢CRT cargo retention clauses 货物留置条款CS，C/S －call sign(al) 呼号－capital stock 固定资本，股本－car Seal 车封－carbons 纸板箱－cargo segregation 货物隔离－cargo sharing 货载分配，货载份额－cargo subrogation 货物代位求偿（转让书）－cargo superintendent 货物配载主管－cases 箱合，案例，案件，箱的总称－congestion surcharge 港口拥挤附加费－case goods 箱装货－classification society 船级社－classification survey 船级检验－container ship 集装箱船－container size 集装箱规格/型号－contract of sale 买卖合同－course/speed 航向/航速－customer satisfaction 顾客满意－customer service 客户服务CSAD Compania Sud Americana De Vapores S.A.智利南美轮船公司CSAV Compagnia Sudamericana de Vapores (NORASIA)南美洲轮船公司（智利）CSB code safe practice for bulk cargoes(国际)散装货物安全操作规程CSC －container service charge 集装箱运输费用－container stuffing charge 集装箱装箱费－Int’l Convention of the Safe Transport o f Container国际集装箱安全公约－Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate《货船构造安全证书》－China Shipping Co.,ltd. 中海船公司－code of safe practice for containers集装箱安全操作规程－International Convention for Safe Containers,1972《1972年国际集装箱安全公约》（1977年生效）CSCC Cargo Ship Construction Certificate《货船结构证书》CSConf Cargo Service Conference (IATA) 货运业公会CSD cargo ship dock 货船船坞，货船码头CSE Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate《货船安全设备证书》CSG －call sign 呼号－China Shipping Gazette 《中国航务周刊》CSL Canada Steamship Lines,Ltd. 加拿大轮船公司CSMS cargo securing manuals 货物安全手册CSN container seal number 集装箱铅封号CSO cargo shipping order 装货指示，托运单，货运单CSP container service port 集装箱港CSS crew safety system 船员安全系统CST －container service tariff 集装箱运输费率－centistoke 厘斯（运动/燃料粘度单位）－central standard time 中央标准时间CS&T cargo size and type 货物尺寸与型号CSTC/P consecutive single trip charter party连续单航次租船合同CSUMP consumption 消耗，消费量C.T. C/T CT －cargo tank 货舱，货箱，货柜－cargo tracer 短少货物查询单－cargo Tonnage 运费吨－compensation Trade 补偿贸易－conference Terms 公会条款－container Terminal 集装箱码头－container Type 集装箱类型－combined Transport 联合运输，多式联运－counter trade 往返贸易－carton 箱，纸板箱－certificate 证明书，单据－chief tallyman 理货组长－correct time 准确时间－cubic tonnage 容积吨位CTA －communication of all address 通讯录－communicate to all address 按全部地址发送－customs transaction code 海关办理卡CTB －combined transport B/L 联运提单－commercial traffic bulletin 货运交易公报CTB/L combined transport bill of lading 多式联运提单Ctbid counter bid 还价，还盘，反还价CTC －corn trade clauses 谷物贸易条款－contact 联系－Customs Tariffs of China 中国海关税率CTD －combined transport document 联合运输单证－canal transit dues 运河通行税CTDG Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods（联合国）危险货物运输委员会CTFIN (ctfny) correction to follow if necessary必要时随后更正CTI －container transport international国际集装箱运输公司(美国)－International Tonnage Certificate《国际吨位证书》CTL －certificate tool list 检验合格的工具证书－constructive total loss 推定全损CTLO constructive total loss only 仅承保推定全损CTM cash to master 船长借支CTN Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation突尼斯航运公司CTNR container 集装箱CTO combined transport operator 多式联运经营人CtoS carting to shipside 将货物运至船边CTPC Cargo Traffic Procedures Committee 货运业公会CTR contract 合同CTS －central terminal station 石油卸载/中转枢纽（站）－container freight station 集装箱货运站－container transport system 集装箱运输系统CU －cubic. 立方，体积丈量单位－can you 你能吗－Customs Union 海关同盟CUA see you again 再见CUB cubic 立方CUC chassis usage charge 车架使用费, 托盘使用费CUCMS Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritie de Suez苏伊士运河货运总公司CUD could 能、可（过去式)CU.FT cubic foot(feet). 1,728 cubic inches 立方英尺CU.IN. cubic inch(es) 立方英寸CU.GR. grain capacity in cubic feet以立方英尺计算的散装容积CUM cubic meter 立方米CUM GR-BL grain/bale capacity in cubic meter以立方米计算的散装/包装容积CUSDEL Baltic Conference Customs Delay Clause,19651965年波罗的海航运公会（租船）海关耽搁条款C/V（CVS）consecutive voyage 连续航次CV －cellular vessel 栅隔集装箱船－consecutive voyages 连续航次－consular visa 领事签证－container vessel 集装箱船－contributory value 分摊价值－customs value 海关价值CVD countervailing duty 反倾销税，抵消关税CVENCE convenience 方便CVGK customs value per gross kilogram(按毛重)每公斤海关价值CVGP customs value per gross pound(按毛重)每磅海关价值CW －cargo winch 起货机，船吊－clockwise 顺时针方向－cooling water 冷却水CWC country whence consigned 货物输出国CWE cleared without examination未经查验过关的、免验放行（结关）CWL construction water line 设计水线CWO cash with order 订货时预付款CY, C.Y. －classification yard 铁路编组站－container yard （码头）集装箱堆场，箱集散堆场－currency (货币)CYC container yard handling charge 日本港口操作附加费CY cargo container yard cargo 整（箱）装货物CY/CFS container yard to Container forwarding station集装箱码头至集装箱站CY/CY container yard to container yard集装箱码头至集装箱码头CYL Cho Yang Shipping ltd. 朝阳海运。

Key Terms国际结算英语词汇（按照其它教材顺序编写）Key terms have been identified to assist you as you review the text. They are a starting point and you may find it helpful to develop your own glossary of terms.Chapter 1Acceptance 承兑Advising Bank 通知行Applicant 申请人Beneficiary 受益人bill of exchange汇票=draftclient 客户claim on 向…索汇Complied with （单据）符合（信用证条款）Confirming Bank保兑行correspondent 代理行Counters 柜台default 拖欠Deliver 交货Drafts 汇票drawn on (汇票)开给…Expiry date (信用证的)到期日Independent undertaking 独立的承诺Irrevocable undertaking 不可撤消承诺Issuing Bank 开证行maximum amount available 可使用的最大金额Negotiation 议付，流通Nominated Bank 指定银行obligation 债务，义务original credit 正本信用证Payment 付款presentation of documents提交单据reimbursement 补偿shipment of goods 装运货物standby letter of credit 备用信用证Stipulated documents 规定的单据Traveler’s Letter of Credit旅行信用证Underlying contract 原（始）合同Chapter 2Acceptance bill 承兑汇票Advance payment 预付货款Autonomy 自治权Avalisation （背签）担保Arbitrator 仲裁人clear goods through customs为货物清关collection 托收Deferred payment 延期付款Delivery obligation 交货义务Discounting of bill 贴现汇票Dishonour 退票，拒付Documentary collection 跟单托收Drawer （汇票的）出票人Drawee （汇票的）受票人（付款人）Endorsement 背书（转让）forfeiting 票据包买Good faith 善意，诚信Holder in due course 正当持票人ICC = International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会Incoterm=Int'l Commercial Terms国际贸易条件或Int'l Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易条件解释通则jurisdiction 司法权，管辖权Legally enforceable 可依法实施的Method of payment 付款方法Negotiate 流通，转让，议付open account 赊账Performance 履行，业绩pro forma invoice 形式发票Promissory note 本票Sight payment 即期付款Trade bill 商业汇票Trade terms贸易条件UCP: Uniform Customs and Practice of Documentary Letter of Credit跟单信用证统一惯例URC：Uniform Rule for Documentary Collection托收统一规则Chapter 3Amendment （信用证的）修改Authenticate证实，证明Discrepancies 不符点Freely negotiable 可自由流通的，可自由议付的Middleman 中间商（人）Partial drawings 分批（部分）开票Partial shipment 分批装运Reimburse 补偿Reinstated 恢复Revocable 可撤消的Substitution 替换（单据）Transferable 可转让的Transferring Bank 转让行Chapter 4Compliance 符合，一致，遵守Correspondent Bank 代理行Disclaimer 放弃（不符点），否认，弃权声明书Expiry date到期日，期满日Facility（融资）服务（项目）Presentation of documents提交单据Respond 回答，响应Without recourse 无追索权Chapter 5Down loaded 装载，转载Application 申请（书）Operational guidelines工作指南Workability 可操作性Chapter 6Agent 代理人Airway bill 航空运单Air consignment note 空运发货单Bill of lading（B/L）(有物权的海运)提单Carrier承运人（有运输工具的公司，包括轮船、卡车、飞机、火车）Charter party 租船合同Clean transport document清洁运输单据CIM = International Convention Concerning Transport of Merchandise by Rail国际铁路货物运输公约CMR = Convention on Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road国际公路货物运输合同公约Consignee 收货人Consignor 托运人（=shipper）Date of shipment装运人，发货日Delivery 交付，交货Documents of title物权单据Endorsed背书的Freight forwarder运输行（通常没有运输工具），货运代理Freight payable运费到付Freight prepaid运费预付Full set 全套（单据）Indemnity赔偿保证（保函），赔偿金Inland waterway 内河运输Intended vessel预期船Loading on Board 装船Marked as Original注明正本Master 船长Multimodal transport operator(MTO)多式运输经营人Negotiability 可流通性Non-documentary condition 非单据条件Non-negotiable 不可流通Notation （已装船）批注On Deck （货装）舱面On its Face （单据）表面Place of delivery 交货地Port of discharge卸货港Port of loading 装货港Rail and Road consignment 铁路、公路发货单Received for shipment 收妥待运Road Waybill 公路运单Roll on Roll off 滚装Shipper load and count 托运人自行装货点件Take delivery of goods 提货Taking in charge接受监管（地）Through B/L 联运提单Transshipment 转运Chapter 7Average 海损Particular average 单独海损Common average 共同海损franchise 免赔率excess 绝对免赔额All risks一切险Assigned by transfer or endorsement让与，背书转让Certificates证书，（保险）凭证Date of issuance of insurance document保单签发日Description of goods商品描述（名称）Fixed and determinable future time固定和可确定的将来日期（=将来的）License 许可证Minimum cover（保险单上的）最低保额Unconditional order in writing 无条件书面命令Chapter 8Assignment of proceeds 款项让渡Common sense 常识Confirmation instructions保兑指示Credit risk信用风险Discrepant documents 不符单据Force majeure 不可抗力Freely negotiable 自由议付Good judgment良好的判断Honoring obligations兑现责任Inconsistent with one another相互之间不一致Notice of refusal （票据的）拒绝通知Period for presentation交单期Reasonable care合理的关注Reasonable time合理的时间Reimbursing Bank 补偿行Role of the checker审单员的作用Chapter 9Bank to Bank Reimbursements 银行间补偿Reimbursement amendments 补偿修改Reimbursement authorization补偿授权Reimbursement claim 索偿Reimbursement instructions 补偿指示Reimbursement undertakings 补偿承诺Chapter 10Airway release 空运放货Assignment of proceed 款项让渡Conversion 改信,侵占Counter indemnities对背（等）保证书，反担保函countersign 连署Delivery orders 放货单，出货单，交货单，提货单finance 筹措资金，融资便利Guarantee担保lead bank （银团贷款的）牵头行Letter of Indemnity 赔偿保证，认赔书，保结书Participation 参与（银团贷款）syndicate loan 银团贷款Syndication 组织银团贷款Chapter 11Confiscation 没收Counterparty risk 交易（对）方风险Demurrage延滞（费）Fraud risk 诈骗风险frustration of contract 合同的落空Legal risks 法律风险non-delivery 未交货Risks for the applicant 申请人（面临）的风险Risks to the beneficiary受益人的风险Risks to the Advising Bank 通知行的风险Risks to the Issuing Bank开证行的风险Risks to the Nominated Bank 指定银行的风险specimen signature 印鉴Sovereign and regulatory risks 政府风险和规章制度风险Verification keys 核实密押Chapter 12Autonomy 自主权=独立原则Clear清楚的court rulings 法庭判决De minimi trivial matters小的不符点，不重要的事情（问题）ex parte 单方面的Forgery 伪造（签字）Jurisdiction 司法权，管辖权Material重要的Obvious 明显的prima facie 足以构成事实的Reasonable care 合理小心Reasonable time 合理的时间sovereign of immunity主权豁免权Tender of document 正式提交单据Timely notice of dishonor 及时发出退票通知Trivial 不重要的。

规章制度的英语单词以下是规章制度的英语单词：1. Bylaws2. Regulations3. Policies4. Rules5. Procedures6. Protocol7. Code of Conduct8. Guidelines9. Charter10. Statutes11. Constitution12. Directives13. Standards14. Standing Orders15. Administrative Orders16. Edicts17. Proclamations18. Mandates19. Pronouncements20. Resolutions21. Orders22. Decrees23. Rulings24. Minute25. Legislation26. Code27. Acts28. Statutory Law29. Bylaws and Regulations30. Corporate Governance31. Board of Directors' Governance Policy32. Compliance Plan33. Handbook34. Employee Handbook35. Job Description36. Employee Policy Manual37. Employee Benefits Plan38. Employee Code of Conduct39. Employee Assistance Program40. Drug-Free Workplace Policy41. Confidentiality Agreement42. Business Ethics Code43. Competitive Bidding Policy44. Procurement Policy45. Purchasing Policy46. Vendor Code of Conduct47. Conflict of Interest Policy48. Whistleblower Policy49. Anti-Harassment Policy50. Anti-Bullying Policy51. Anti-Discrimination Policy52. Equal Employment Opportunity Policy53. Diversity and Inclusion Policy54. Social Media Policy55. Information Technology Policy56. Internet and Email Policy57. Electronic Communications Policy58. Information Security Policy59. Data Protection Policy60. Privacy Policy61. Records Retention Policy62. Environmental Policy63. Health and Safety Policy64. Emergency and Disaster Response Plan65. Risk Management Policy66. Insurance Policy67. Intellectual Property Policy68. Copyright Policy69. Trademark Policy70. Patent Policy71. Trade Secret Policy72. Open Door Policy73. Grievance Policy74. Disciplinary Action Policy75. Termination Policy76. Layoff Policy77. Reduction in Force Policy78. Severance Policy79. Vacation and Time Off Policy80. Sick Leave Policy81. Family and Medical Leave Policy82. Bereavement Policy83. Jury Duty Policy84. Military Leave Policy85. Parental Leave Policy86. Retirement Policy87. Employee Assistance Policy88. Substance Abuse Policy89. Smoking Policy91. Travel and Expense Policy92. Gift Policy93. Acceptance of Gifts Policy94. Ethics Policy95. Professional Conduct Policy96. Social Responsibility Policy97. Community Relations Policy98. Political Contributions Policy99. Lobbying Policy100. Charitable Contributions Policy 101. Sponsorship Policy102. Advertising Policy103. Sales and Marketing Policy 104. Quality Policy105. Customer Service Policy106. Product Safety Policy107. Environmental Sustainability Policy 108. Energy Conservation Policy 109. Recycling Policy110. Transportation Policy111. Diversity Policy112. Inclusion Policy113. Accessibility Policy114. Affirmative Action Policy115. Talent Management Policy116. Performance Management Policy 117. Training and Development Policy 118. Succession Planning Policy 119. Recruitment and Selection Policy 120. Retention Policy122. Transfer and Relocation Policy123. Compensation Policy124. Bonus and Incentive Policy125. Payroll Policy126. Pay Increase Policy127. Employee Stock Option Plan128. Employee Stock Purchase Plan129. Pension and Retirement Plan130. Health Insurance Policy131. Life Insurance Policy132. Disability Insurance Policy133. Workers Compensation Policy134. Unemployment Insurance Policy135. Social Security Policy136. Taxation Policy137. Government Contracting Policy138. Export Control Policy139. Import Policy140. Customs Policy141. Trade Compliance Policy142. Intellectual Property Rights Policy 143. Anti-Counterfeiting Policy144. Anti-Piracy Policy145. Anti-Money Laundering Policy146. Insider Trading Policy147. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Policy 148. Anti-Bribery Policy149. Export and Reexport Compliance Policy 150. Employment Eligibility Verification Policy.。

Transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primarycommodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利withrespect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民remittance 汇款undertake 承担climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的，必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无效的sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象terminology 术语generic 总称的net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地EuropeanPayment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的status 状况remittance 汇款debtor 债务人debit 借方；记入借方的款financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责ban禁止fluctuation波动hesitant 犹豫，不情愿dubious 可疑integrity 正直；诚实periodic payment 分期付款cash in advance 预付现金draft 汇票（bill of exchange）drawer 出票人drawee 受票人payee受款人usance draft（tenor draft，term draft）远期汇票documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票bill of lading 提单title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好with discretion 慎重地；审慎地release 放开gain control over 得到对…的控制objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的bilateral 双边的credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的security 安全，保障presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担applicant 开证申请人opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人correspondent bank 往来行；关系行advising bank 通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款nominate 指定insufficient 不足的submit提交stipulation 规定expire 满期；到期unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船seal 印章underlying作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终category 种类fall under 归为…类mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证certainty 确定程度，肯定程度alter 改变commitment 承担的责任cancel 取消，作废consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销consent 同意extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障involve 牵涉；涉及sight credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证impeccable 正确无误的capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期discount 贴现face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证non-transferablecredit 不可转让信用证middleman 中间人non-draft credit 无汇票信用证deferred payment 推迟付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复reinstate 使复原contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受insolvent 无支付能力的bankrupt 破产的documents 单据take delivery of 提（货）delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符conformity 一致，相符description 描述commission 佣金discount 折扣shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章signature 签字comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达exceed 超过memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单carrier 承运人shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输consignee 收货人notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的devoid of 没有，缺少liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用the insured 被保险人currency 货币settle 清算；结算fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品；杂货distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域urgency 紧迫；急迫perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。

国际物流专业知识点总结International logistics is a complex and multifaceted field that involves the movement of goods, information, and money across borders. It plays a crucial role in facilitating global trade and ensuring the timely delivery of goods to customers around the world. One of the key knowledge points in international logistics is understanding the various modes of transportation available for moving goods internationally, including air, sea, road, and rail. Each mode of transportation has its own advantages and disadvantages, and logistics professionals need to have a good understanding of these to make informed decisions when planning and managing international shipments.国际物流是一个复杂多元化的领域，涉及跨国界物品、信息和货币的流动。

它在促进全球贸易和确保及时向世界各地客户交付货物方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

国际物流中的一个关键知识点是了解移动国际货物的各种运输方式，包括空运、海运、公路运输和铁路运输。

每种运输方式都有其各自的优缺点，物流专业人员需要对这些有良好的了解，以便在规划和管理国际货物运输时做出明智决策。