高中英语语法-被动语态
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第二章被动语态： (active voice)(passiv e voice)承受被动语态 构成由助be 由 b y短 助 be化A. 1. ：do：amisar e doneWe clean the classroom every day. 扫教室The classr oom is cleane d by us every day. 教室 由 扫Such songs are usuall y sung by girls.唱Russia n is not taught in our school. 教俄Are many goods shippe d abroad everyday 国外吗2. ：did：waswere doneWe cleane d the classr oom yester day. 扫了教室The classr oom was cleane d by us yester d ay. 教室 扫了The window was broken by my son. 破Were many trees plante d on the hill yester day 了 吗？How much moneywas stolen in all 了少钱？3. ：willsh all do：willsh all be doneWe will clean the classr oom soon. 扫教室The classr oom will be cleane d soon. 教室 扫了The work will be done immedi ately. 做Will the school sports meetin g be held next week？吗？When shall we be given a lectur e on the Intern et 因特网座？4. ：woulddo：wouldbe doneWe told him that we would clean the classr oom soon. 扫教室We told him that the classr oom would be cleane d soon. 教室 扫 He said that a new trade center wouldbe built in the centre of the city.建起She askedwhether their plan would be consid ered with great care. 考虑I wasn't told that I should be invite d to the party.席晚5. ：amisar e doing：amisar e being doneWe are cleani ng the classr oom now. 扫教室The classr oom is being cleane d now. 教室 扫A hospit al is being built in the centre o f the town. 建 院Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse由照看吗？How is the new teachi ng method being tried there教？6. ：waswere doing：waswere being doneWe were cleani ng the classr oom this time yester day. 扫教室The classr oom was being cleane d this time yester day. 教室 扫The teachi ng plan was being discus sed at that time. 教 Was the TV set being fixed this time yester day 吗？The house was being painte d when we arrive d at his home. 粉刷7. ：hashave done：hashave been doneThe classr oom looks tidy. We have cleane d it. 教室看起 扫了The classr oom looks tidy. It has been cleane d. 教室看起 扫了Many foreig n films have been shownon TV since last month.了 外国影片The radio has not been turned on yet. 开Has a new traini n g centre been set up in our town 建好了吗？8. ：had done：had been doneThe classr oom looked tidy. We had cleane d it. 教室看起 扫 了The classr oom looked tidy. It had been cleane d. 教室看起 扫 了His newlywritte n novel had been transl ated into Englis h by the end of last month.了She told me that she had been dismis s ed by her boss. 了Her homewo rk had not been finish ed when I got home. 9. ：willsh all have done：willsh all have been doneWe will have cleane d the classr oom by five o'clock. 扫教室The classr oom will have been cleane d by five o'clock.教室 扫The new books will have been entere d in the regist er before anothe r parcel arrives.毕How many expressways will have been comple ted by the end of next year 建 少？Before you return my work will have been done. 做10. ：wouldhave done：wouldhave been doneI said we would h ave cleane d the classroom by 500. 扫 教室I said the classr oom would have been cleane d by 500. 教室 扫The headma ster said the articl e would have been transl ated by the end of nextmonth.好The day was drawin g near when the dam would have been comple ted. 了He told me that prepar ation s would have been finish ed by 600. B. “get+ ”结用“be + ” 外 用“get+ ”结 结 用结The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 受 了Did your letter get answer ed 了吗？注意：用“get+ ”结 （即by短 Finall y his bike got repair ed. 了As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail. 了C．“seemap pear + ”结“seemap pear+ ” She seemed annoyed by his words.恼火The house appear s desert ed. 好 居提 ：“be+ ”结 be 能 ge t或see m, appear【误】She got born in a small villag e.【 】She was born in a small villag e. 村庄【误】The old man got offere d a large sum of money.【 】The old man was offere d a large s um of money.了 钱【误】Colin got caught cheati ng in the exam.【 】Colinwere caught cheati ng in the exam. 考 了D． 用 1．by或施By whom is the book writte n ？The childr en were driven indoor s by the rain. 了室 2．with用 具The wolf was killed with a gun. 了The field was spread with wild flower s. 遍地3．from （看 料Good wine is made from grain.好 制4．of 用 料制（看 料The table is made of wood. 用 做 5．You are wanted on the phone.He is known to everyb ody. She was caught in the rain. 了注意： 由 b y短句by短 A police man is known by the clothe s he wears.辨（byHe was much flatte r ed by her asking him to dinner. 晚 受 了 （by因The snow was piled high by the gate. （by 地二 被动语态 用法用 特用用 ：A. 或 How is this word pronou nced发 ？Scient ists say that work is done whenev er a force moves.做了功A greate r number of magic Englis h books will be publis hed next year. 版After war, everyt h ing had been destro y ed. 结 坏了B. 承受If you break the school rules, you will be punish ed. 受 罚（ youA new Hope School will be opened in our villag e. 开（ a new Hope SchoolShe is liked by everyb ody. Xiao Li was electe d monito r of the class. 班C. The bridge was washed away by the flood.走了We were shocke d by the news of his death.震Many accide nts were caused by carele s s drivin g. 开 造D. 了 句 匀He appear ed on the stage and was warmly applau ded by the audien ce. 受 了 The old profes sor gave a lectur e on Americ an history and was well receiv ed.教 了 国 座 受 迎I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entere d the school just a year before. 了 E. 了 或 提 或You've been told many times not to make the same mistak e. 误Everyb ody is expect ed to obey the following rules.The contro l room may not be entere d withou t permis sion. 制室F. 了 地程The film is coated with light-sensit ive chemic als, which are change d by the different shades and colour s of light. 了化 因改G. 了 The west-east gas pipeli ne projec t was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation's west develo pment campai gn. 程74 开 国 开发 H． 用 He was born in this city. 城The school is situat e d in the suburb s. 郊外注意：by短 by短 句 或 by短 句意 保留by短The vegeta bles didn't taste very good. They had been cooked too long.好 了 （ He arrive d at the airpor t, where he was met by his friend. 了 受 友 迎接 （ by his friend 句 意 Everyb ody was cast down by such news as that. 沮丧 （ by短动语态 被动语态国 施 承受国 ：I expect you to be there on time. ：You are expect ed to be there on time. 用 因 由 句结因 “ + + 宾 ”结 宾 宾 ：They will discus s the plan at the meetin g. 题-- The plan will be discus sed at the meeting. 题 In the past the king posses sed great wealth. 国 富In the past great wealth was posses sed by the king. 富国 句 宾 接宾 化 接宾 化 ：We gave the student some books. 了 -- The studen t was given some books.了 -- Some books were given to the student. 了His father bought him a comput er last week. 了 脑-- He was bought a comput er by his father last week. 了 脑-- A comput er was bought for him by his father last week. 了 脑注意：用直接宾 接宾 (to, for, of) 接宾They awarde d him the Nobel Prize.诺贝尔奖-- The Nobel Prizewas awarde d（to him. 诺贝尔奖 The host had caught us some fish. 了 ⏹Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 了 （for⏹句 宾 宾 宾 化 宾 ：All the villag ers painte d the houses white. 村 了白-- The houses were painte d white by all the villag ers. 村 了白 They kept us waiting for a long time. 了 -- We were kept waitin g for a long time. 了 We regard ed him as the best doctor in town. 城 好-- He was regard ed as the best doctor in town. 城 好 注意：,make, see, hear, watch, notice, observ e, listen to 结 to 宾 结t oWe heard him say good-bye to his friends. 友 别⏹He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 友 别⏹ 用“ + be done”Can/May/musthave/had towill//dtoCan/doMay/domust dohave/had to dowill/do/d doto doCan/be doneMay/be donemust be donehave/had to be donewill/be done/d be doneto be doneThe machin e must be operat ed with care. 操Such a senten ce ought not to be used here. 句 该用 What's done cannot be undone. 覆 难People had to be remind ed of the danger that night. 晚 提 危险“be going to do be to do 结 别用“be going to + be done” “be to + be done” 结beThe proble m is going to be discus sed at the meetin g. 题 This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 片 映宾 句 句 用it句 宾 句保留They said that he had gone abroad to studyEnglis h. 国了-- It was said that he had gone abroad to studyEnglis h. 国 了We haven't decide d when we should go campin g. 营-- It hasn't been decide d when we should go campin g. 营 提 ：宾 句 句 了 句句 句 短We believ ed that he would succee d. 功-- He was believ ed to succee d. 功Father expect ed that I should become an engine er. 程 -- I was expect ed (by my father) to become an engine er. （ 程句结 ：Let + 宾 + be + 句结 ：Don't + let + 宾 + be + （或Let + 宾 + not + be +into the c d or.-- Let the desks be moved into the corridor. 走廊her.--e d.-- Let her not be truste d. 能 宾 能 宾 或短 因 n ts very well.-- The patien ts are well looked after by the nurses in this hospit al. 院 照料 n g t d ay.-- The meetin g has been put off till next Saturd ay. 了注意：用 句 或Such a bad habit s hould be got rid of. 坏 该改 All the import ant matter s have now been attend ed to. 了处I. 结结 句结 句 承受 承受e m at once.--e m at once.-- The proble m was asked to be discus s ed at once. 题 （d er for me.-- A record er was offere d to be bought for me. 提 录（d take the desk away.-- The desk was ordere d to be taken away. 走（J． 句 用with 用bySmoke filled the meetin g room. 了 室The meetin g room was filled with smoke. 室 了A clothcovere d the table. 了起 The table was covere d with a cloth.K． 能 结1．受 制 能用 have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become ( 合), fit, resemb le, fail, last, flee, benefi t, hold 能 句She resemb les her mother. He lacks self-confid ence. 缺乏 This hall can hold 2,000 people. 能h a ve“ ” “ ” “ 白” “ ” 意 Wouldyou have a cup of tea 吗？She had a bad cold yester day, and now she is feelin g much better. 了好 了③ get take“懂 ”“ ”owe“欠”cost“ 失 (健康 )” 意 Do you get me 白 意吗？How do you take this passag e ？I owe 50 pounds to you. 欠 镑His carele ss drivin g cost his life. 丧了2．受宾 制宾 或具 能用They simply cannot contai n themse lves for joy. 直 制 悦 He absent ed himself from a meetin g yester day. 缺席 了For years the two sister s looked after o ne anothe r. 照 宾 能 I could not believ e my eyes when I saw him still alive.看 直 睛The doctor shook his head and then went out withou t any words. 了 句 了注意：宾 外He fixed his eyes on the oil painti ng. 注 幅油画-- His eyes were fixed on the oil painti n g. 注 幅油画③ 宾 起 用 或程 能用 This kind of dictio nary costs ten dollar s. 值 元The case weighs twenty kilos.斤宾 宾 能 He laughe d a hearty laugh. 由 地 了She dreamt a sweetdream. 做了 梦宾 或-ing 能 He admitt ed having done wrong. 承 做 了He has decide d to go and study abroad.国留⑥ ente r, leave, reach 宾 地 国 能改 He left the army in 1998. 1998退伍She entere d the hall at once. 了外 开 短takeplace, lose heart, belong to, consis t of, chang e colour 能改 The book belong s to me. She caught a very bad cold. 了 ： 能 宾组catch a coldeat one's words 言lose heart丧失lose patien ce 失 耐make a face 做鬼脸make up one's mindmake bed 床make room for ……腾 地keep watchkeep silenc e 保持安静speak one's mindtake place发take one's time 迫 别 急take office 职take one's leave 假take notestake up arms 拿起武take one's place⑧ woul d rather或 d are 句 能改 I would rather do it now. He dare not do it. 被动语态 系表结构结 “连 +用 -ed ”结 用 注意 区别A. 结 用by+ 或by+用The gate to the garden was locked by the girl. 了（ 结The gate to the garden was locked. 了（ 结The tree was blown down by the high winds.风吹倒了 （ 结 The tree was blown down when we saw it. 看 吹倒了 （ 结注意：少 “连 be + 用 -ed ” by短The old man was surrou nded by smallchildr en. （Guilin is surrou nded by hills and mountains. （ 结We were held up by fog. 因 受阻（The tree is known by its fruit.看 （ 结B. 结 用 少 用 The compos ition is well writte n. 好 （ 结The compos ition is being writte n. （C. 结 very, too, so用muchThe boy was too fright ened to move. （ 结He was very excite d. 激 （ 结He was much excited by the news. 激 （ 结D. be + 结Her moneyis all gone. 钱 了The honour ed guests are arrive d. 宾 了The moon is risen. 起 了She is grown up. 了The leaves are fallen. 叶落了We are prepar ed for the worst.好 坏E. “ ”意 “be + + with”结 结The mounta in is covere d with snow all the year round. 座 覆 The classr oom was crowde d with pupils.教室 了The lake is dotted with fishin g boats.The floor was piled with old books.地 了旧F. remain, feel, lie, standbecome, grow + 结结The matter remain ed unsett led. She felt disapp ointed. 失 The road became crowde d. 了G. 句 地 结The bank is closed.了（ 结The bank is usuall y closed at six. （He is marrie d. 结婚了 （ 结He was marrie d in Beijin g. 结婚 （动 表 被动 结 意A． 意 用 用 结意When did the accident occur 发 ？Ice-creamalways goes well in hot weathe r. 销 好Does life exist on the moon 吗？B． “开 ” “结 ”意 Class begins at eight. 开 The meetin g endedup with warm applause. 结了C． “ ”意 The machin e runs well. 好His voice record s well. 录 好D． read, write,transl ate 连用 read, write, transl ate, act, add, wash, wear, cook, lock, sell, tear, cut, keep, feel, burn, strike, last连用 意 即用 意The book sells well. 销 好My pen writes smooth ly. 好The play reads more easily than acts. 演提 ：（连用His car can't move. 能开了E． 特 连 意特 连look, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, turn out 意Good medici ne tastes bitter. 药苦What he said proved to be correc t. 确The flower s smellsweet. 起 香Your senten ce doesn't sound right. 起F． The meat is cookin g. 肉The book is printi n g. 印刷G． 结 意 She is to blame. 该受 责The house is to let. 租被动 表 动 意 句A． 意 （ + 宾 承受 由 具 特 结 承受 句 意He seats himsel f at the back of the classroom. 教室-- He is seated at the back of the classr oom. 教室t.-- He was lost in the forest. 迷了l f in a dark blue suit.-- He was dresse d in a dark blue suit. 注意：短 或i ng.建 座 座 t is i on.结 考虑别 短用 意 用 意 .由 照 r en.责照看 B．“ 起…… ” 意The teache r is satisfied with what he said. 意We are oppose d to unjust wars. We are prepar ed to accept his propos al. 建 He was tired with playin g all day. 了 倦了C． The earth is tilted a little. 地 倾斜Hundre ds of soldiers were statio ned around the prison. The villag e is located at the foot of a hill. 村庄 落D． -edb e连用 意 Spring is come. 春 了The moon was set and it was very dark. 落了 黑He is advanc ed in years.了E． -edHe is done with it. 做 了 My fever is gone, but I still have a cough.退了 咳嗽 F． 用He was gradua ted from Beijin g Univer sity. 毕 You are mistak en. 弄 了He is retire d. 退休了G． 句Do be seated. ！Be prepar ed, please. 好Get washed. 洗吧Be concer ned more about the well-being of the masses. 。
