科隆大教堂 建筑构造
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第十七章 纯哥特式的完全解放
Church occupies 8,000 square meters, construction area of about 6,000 square meters, 144.55
meters from east to west, north-south width of 86.25 meters, the size of a football field. It is
dominated by the two tallest towers doors, internal to cross the plane of the main buildings.
Promenade general church, mostly things to three, with the north-south cross on the altar to cross
the intersection Gallery; Cologne Cathedral is a rare five into buildings, high-ceilinged interior
space and widen people's attention to the tower toward heaven, portrait sky. Sky symbolizes the
desire of people to communicate with God. Cologne since 1864 lottery to raise funds to be
completed in 1880, it continues to be heightening widened, and the whole building brick by the
polished stones of 160,000 tons of stone like stalagmite-like building made the whole project and
spent 40 ten thousand tons of stone. Central Church is two doors and walls and even puzzle
together twin spiers, 157.31 meters tall South Tower, North Tower 157.38 meters high, is the
second highest minaret in Europe (after Ulm Cathedral), church exterior In addition to two towers,
there are 11,000 small steeple contrast. Twin spiers like two sharp sword into the sky.
The design of Cologne Cathedral was based quite closely on that of Amiens Cathedral in terms of
ground plan, style and the width to height proportion of the central nave. The plan is in the shape
of a Latin Cross, as is usual with Gothic cathedrals. It has two aisles on either side, which help to
support one of the very highest Gothic vaults in the world, being nearly as tall as that of the
Beauvais Cathedral, much of which collapsed. Externally the outward thrust of the vault is taken
up by flying buttresses in the French manner. The eastern end has a single ambulatory, the second
aisle resolving into a chevet of seven radiating chapels.
The choir retains a great many of its original fittings, including the carved stalls, which is made
the more surprising by the fact that French Revolutionary troops had desecrated the building. A
large stone statue of St Christopher looks down towards the place where the earlier entrance to the
cathedral was, before its completion in the late 19th century.
The nave has many 19th century stained glass windows. A set of five on the south side is called
the Bayernfenster, and were a gift from Ludwig I of Bavaria, and strongly represent the painterly
German style of that date.
Externally, particularly from a distance, the building is dominated by its huge spires, which are
entirely Germanic in character, being openwork like those of Ulm, Vienna and Regensburg
Cathedrals.
第十七章 纯哥特式的完全解放
教堂占地8000平方米，建筑面积约6000平方米，东西长144.55米，南北宽86.25米，面积相当于一个足球场。它是由两座最高塔为主门、内部以十字形平面为主体的建筑群。一般教堂的长廊，多为东西向三进，与南北向的横廊交会于圣坛成十字架；科隆大教堂为罕见的五进建筑，内部空间挑高又加宽，高塔将人的视线引向上天，直向天空。苍穹象征人与上帝沟通的渴望。自1864年科隆发行彩票筹集资金至1880年落成，它不断被加高加宽，而且建筑物全由磨光石块砌成，共16万吨石头如同石笋般建筑而成，整个工程共用去40万吨石材。教堂中央是两座与门墙连砌在一起的双尖塔，南塔高157.31米，北塔高157.38米，是全欧洲第二高的尖塔（仅次于乌尔姆大教堂），教堂外型除两座高塔外，还有1.1万座小尖塔烘托。双尖塔像两把锋利的宝剑，直插云霄。
科隆大教堂的设计是基于颇有渊源上的亚眠大教堂的平面图，风格和宽度与中殿的高度比例方面。该计划是一个拉丁十字架的形状，通常是与哥特式教堂。它有两个过道两侧，这有助于支持在世界上是最高的哥特式拱顶之一，是几乎一样高了的博韦大教堂，其中大部分倒塌。外部跳马的向外推力是采取了由飞扶壁的法国方式。东端有一个单一的门诊，第二过道解决了七大辐射教堂一个枕头。
合唱团保留了许多原有配件，包括雕刻档位，它是由更令人吃惊的是，法国革命军队已经亵渎建设。大石像圣克里斯托弗看起来下来，对其中较早进入大教堂是，它在19世纪末完成前的地方。
中殿有许多19世纪的彩色玻璃窗。南侧一组五被称为Bayernfenster ，和来自巴伐利亚的路德维希一世的礼物，并强烈表示该日的德国绘画风格。
对外方面，特别是从远处看，大楼是由它的巨大的尖顶，这是在性质上完全是日耳曼，是镂空像那些乌尔姆，维也纳和雷根斯堡大教堂的主导。
