(完整word版)高考一轮形容词及副词的用法导学案

形容词及副词的用法考点一:形容词一.形容词概念:形容词用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征主要用作定语、表语和补足语。

二. 形容词的功能(1)形容词作定语①单个形容词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前。

She is a good girl.她是一个好女孩儿。

②形容词作不定代词的定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。

There is nothing important.没有什么重要的事情。

Is there anything important?③enough作形容词时，放在被修饰的名词的前后均可。

We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here.(2)作表语.形容词除与be动词连用做表语外，还可以与其他系动词连用。

1）表示一种特制，状态，感觉类的系动词。

如：Appear, seem, look，taste ,feel ,smell ,sound2)表示状态转变的系动词。

意为“变得，变为”。

如：become ,grow ,turn ,get ,go3)表示保持某种状态类的系动词。

如：remai , keepThe man is ill. The flower smells sweet.The problem remains unsolved. The hill has turned green.★★有些词常作表语常见的有well,ill以及a开头的部分形容词如afraid，alike，alive, alone, asleep，awake 等。

★★以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人，如interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的)等。

（3）少数以ly结尾的词是形容词，如friendly(友好的)，deadly(致命的), lively(活泼的) ，manly(男子气概的), likely(可能的)，ugly (难看的) ,silly(愚蠢的)等。

（4）带有数字的复合形容词当复合形容词用连字号链接时，其中的名词用单数形式，主要有两种情况。

1) 数次+名词 a two-hundred-meter bridge2）数词+名词+形容词 a three-year-old boy a fifty-meter-wide river(5) 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序。

限定词+ 数量形容词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+ 描绘性形容词+ 大考点二:副词一.副词概念:副词是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,介词短语,或全句的词.二.副词的构成:由“形容词＋-ly”构成。

quick→quickly beautiful→beautifully bad→badlyexact→exactly brave→bravely happy→happilyquiet→quietly serious→seriously true→truly general→generally★★以le结尾的形容词去e加y. 如：comfortable-comfortably possible-possiblyterrible-terribly simple-simply三.副词的功能(1)用作状语。

如：He speaks English __________. 他英语说得非常好。

四.副词的位置(1)副词通常放在被修饰的动词后面。

(2)副词修饰整个句子时，多数放句首，用逗号隔开。

Eg: Luckily, no one was injured.五.副词的排列顺序：(1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

◆副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.考点三.形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成1．形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化(1)一般在词尾直接加-er或-est。

如：tall—taller—tallest, long—________—________(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r或-st。

如：nice—__________----____________(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，把y变为i，再加-er或-est。

如：busy—busier—busiestfunny—__________—__________(4)在重读闭音节中，若末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 或-est。

如：big—bigger—biggest, hot—hotter—hottest，thin—________—________，fat—fatter—fattest(5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。

如：slowly—______________—_______________beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful interesting-more interesting -the most interesting★★注意：英语中有些双音节形容词可以加more/most,也可以加-er,-est 构成比较级和最高级，常见的词有friendly ,clever,narrow, 2.副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化（1）大多数以-ly结尾的副词在其前家more 和most来构成比较级和最高级Eg: quickly- more quickly - most quicklyvcarefully-more carefully -most quickly(2)单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er和-est分别构成比较级和最高级。

hard - harder- hardestearly - earlier- earliest2．不规则变化good/well—better—bestmany/much—more—mostill/bad/badly—worse—worstlittle—less-leastfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad-worse-worstold-older/elder-oldest/eldest考点四：形容词和副词的比较等级用法：1.形容词和副词原级的常见句型(1) as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as 如:He is as tall as his father.He speaks English as fluently as an Englishman.注意: 在否定句或疑问句中可用so...as, 即not as/so...as。

如:He can’t run so/as fast as you. It’s not as/so warm as yesterday. (2.) “as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as”或“as＋many/much＋名词＋as”。

如:This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.There are as many students in your class as in ours.1）Mr. Sun speaks English you.（与你一样流利）2) I have as many books as Tom.3) I can’t drink this.（我不能喝这么甜的咖啡）4）You are as good a student as she.5）He is as Tom.（他是像汤姆一样诚实的一个男孩）2.比较级和最高级(1) 两者比较，表一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构。

如:The pen is better than that one.(2)表一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的用法This room is less beautiful than that one .(3)形容词副词重叠法则，表示越来越...★★比较级+and+比较级的结构Things are getting better and better.★★more and more +原级的结构The girl becomes more and more beautiful.(4)“the＋比较级(主语+谓语)， the＋比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构如: The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel.The harder he works ,the happier he feels.★★注意：要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.(对) He is more clever than his brother.(对) He is cleverer than his brother.(5) “the＋比较级＋of the two(＋名词)”, 表示“两者中较……的一个”。

如:The taller of the two boys is my brother.( 6) 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围,表示同类范畴用of, 不同类用in。

He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class.He is the fastest runner of the three boys.(7 )用比较级表示最高级结构★★否定＋比较级=最高级注意：形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。

形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。

It is a most useful tool=It is a very useful toolI can not agree with you moreI've never seen better film than that.=That is the best film I've ever seen.It could not be better★★比较级+than+any other +单数名词Changjiang is longer than any other river in China .★★比较级＋than+ any of the other＋名词复数★★比较级＋than +anyone else8．常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than +B(2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as+ B(3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋抽象名词（如:long—length；wide—width；high—height；deep—depth等)＋of +B（4）A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句。