中考英语语法精讲例析 代词
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中考英语语法精讲例析代词中考英语语法精讲例析代词(一) 知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。
人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。
请看下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格i u he she it e u the宾格e u hi her it us u the物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
请看下表人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性ur his her its urs ur the名词性ine urs his hers its urs urs theirs反身代词可见下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们反身代词self urself hiself herself itself urselves urself theselves指示代词主要有this, that, these, thse疑问代词有:h, h hse, hat, hih,还有疑问副词hen, h, here, h。
不定代词在初中本中主要有se, an,an, uh, eah, neither, ther, anther, all, bth, ne, nne, either…(二) 正误辨析[误]T’s ther is taller than[正]T’s ther is taller than ine[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:b,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。
比较的对象是ther,也就是ine。
[误]e have a lt f her t d tda S e need t r three hurs t finish the[正]e have a lt f her t d tda S e need t r three hurs t finish it[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。
这里it所代替的是不可数名词her,所以应用it。
[误]He and u shuld g t the librar t return the bs[正]u and he shuld g t the librar t return the bs[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。
当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为u, he, she, I,而复数时为e, u,the:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:He and she …如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I, he, she, u, 复数时用The, u,e, 如:T and I are gd friends u, he and I ust g t pla the gae fr ur tea this afternne, u and the have been there befreI, he and u have t pa fr it[误]He r his brther is ding their her[正]He r his brther is ding his her[析]由either…r, neither…nr, r 连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Either teahers r students ant t d their best t help the ld an如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:The teaher r his students ill lean their lassr tgether[误]His brther is taller than hi[正]His brther is taller than he[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。
I lie u as uh as she[正]I lie u as uh as her[析]as…as 其后也应看作是省略句。
应为as I lie her所以应用宾格。
而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。
两句语法都是对的但含义不同。
[误]self did it esterda[正]I self did it esterda[正]I did it self esterda[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。
[误]Tae are f urselves[正]Tae are f urselves (urself)[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称u[误]Please bring ur daughter ith urself[正]Please bring ur daughter ith u[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:The ld an spe t herself[误]ae urself he[正]ae urself at he[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。
这样的用法还有:en neself 玩得开心ae urself at he 像在家中一样help urself t sething 自己拿某物lst neself 迷路seat neself 就坐dress neself 穿衣[误]—h’s this speaing—That’s ar[正]—h’s that speaing—This is ar[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。
[误]The das in suer are lnger than this in inter[正]The das in suer are lnger than thse in inter[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或thse取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用thse,如:The eather in Beiing is htter than that in hang hun[误]It is s a gd b that everne lies t read[正]It is suh a gd b that everne lies t read[正]It is s gd a b that everne lies t read[析]在可数名词单数时可用s+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用suh+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。
在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用suh, 如:It is suh gd eather that I ant t g siing The are suh gdbs that I ant t bu the all在an, uh, fe, little这4个词前仅能用s,如:She has s uh ne that she an bu everthing she ants而在s与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用suh,如:She is s seet that everne lies her[误]I ant t bu a sae ditinar as urs[正]I ant t bu the sae ditinar as urs[析]sae与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。
这样的用法还有all the sae(仍然)。
[误]—I hpe she ight pass the exa—I dn’t hpe s[正]—I hpe she ight pass the exa—I hpe nt[析]在作肯定回答时,I thin s I hpe s I believe s但作否定回答时为:I dn’t thin s I hpe/believe nt[误]—He studied ver hard this ter— S she did[正]— He studied ver hard this ter— S did she[误]— English is diffiult t learn— S is it[正]— English is diffiult t learn— S it is[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。
如第一组句,即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。
如第二组句子为:英语难学。
答语为:是的,难学。
这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。
[误]Everne shuld d ne’s best[正]Everne shuld d his best[析]ne作代词时,它的复数形式是nes,所有格形式是ne’s,反身代词为neself如果讲ne shuld d ne’s best则是对句。
如果ne与别的词组成其他词,如:sene, anne, everne或nl ne 则要用his/her,作其所有格形式。
[误]— h n the gae?— Nne[正]— h n the gae?— N ne[析]由h提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是n ne,而由H an提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是Nne如:H an bs are there? Nne [误]There are an trees n either sides f the street[正]There are an trees n either side f the street[正]There are an trees n bth sides f the street[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:u an tae either其二是两者中的每一个。
但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。
[误]Either u r I are right[正]Either u r I a right[析]在either…r,或neither…nr连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。
[误]I have three sisters Neither f the is a dtr[正]I have three sisters Nne f the is a dtr[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而nne则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。
[误]He desn’t lie Beiing pera I dn’t lie t[正]He desn’t lie Beiing pera, I dn’t l ie either[析]either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而t则用于肯定句中。
[误]e lie bth this little b[正]e bth lie this little b[析]bth作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:e are bth students在实意动词之前,如:The parents bth ant t g t the inea用于第一助动词之后,如:e have bth read these English nvels使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Bth f us are nt right应译为:我们俩不都对。