重新语法
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重新语法
中英文思维差异
介词
A in B of C on D by E over F with G
in/at/on the desk in the morning
in last year
on Monday morning on Saturday at night on a rainy night at 6:00
核心动词VS非谓语动词
基本句型： 主谓宾：表动作 主系表：描述身份、状态等。
主谓、谓宾、主谓双宾语
非谓语动词
现在分词-ing主动发出，正在进行
过去分词done被动接受，已经完成
不定式to do目的意图，将来趋势
By the 1970s, a new respect for the place of buildings within the existing townscape arose.
People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries
making handcrafted goods.
re-表示再一次 rebuild remarry reconsider restart reprint
-spect表示看 suspect aspect expect inspect
An important controversy centering on the question of human effects on prehistoric wildlife concerns the sudden
disappearance of so many species of large animals at or near the end of the Pleistocene epoch.
But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of
pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday "folks"who, with increasing
prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.
of the people, by the people, for the people -Abraham Lincoln
名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词
定语从句
概念：
定语修饰名词，定语与句子完整性无关。
定语从句就是把定语写成了一句话。I know a man whose name is Tom.
基本规则：
“______”前面的句子完整，则一般为定语从句。
★“_____”后面的句子缺名词，考虑that which who whom as；如果不缺名词，考虑when where whose.
一般来说，在定语从句中：
1. that前面不能有逗号，不能有介词。which 前面可以有逗号，可以有介词。
2. that使用的特例：插入语在前面，则that前面可以有逗号，比如He was the man, to be honest, that I fell in love
with.
3. which不能指人，who和whom只能指人，that人和物都可以。
4. who作主格，whom作为宾格。 如果是动作的对象要用whom:
He is the man who saw me last night. He is the man whom I saw last night.
前面有介词要用whom：There are three students, all of whom are Chinese.
5. As we know, the superman is not real. 也可以说The superman is not real, as/which we know. 其中which指代前文，而as翻译为“正如”，常见于as we know/ as is known to us这样的结构中。
6. when指代时间比如year, sixth grade, time
7. where指代范围较广，比如company, atmosphere, China, work
8. whose前后有明显归属关系，可以指代属于人的和属于物的.Please give me the book whose cover is green.注意人或者动植物与生活的地方没有归属关系，比如park和plant就没有归属关系。
进阶：
1. 在定语从句中as可以指代具体的一个东西。当前面有so或者such修饰的时候通常用as，比如He is such a man
as everybody loves.
2. 但是，如果后面的句子是完整的时候，则用that，比如He is such a man that everybody loves him.此时so...that和such... that表示的是如此...以至于。
3.one有时可以和which互换，比如I gave him a book, which/one I loved very much. 只是此时是归类为代词。
4. all, little, much, few everything, anything, nothing, none；最高级；序数词；the only, the very, the same, the right在前面，后面用that不用which.
5.前面半句话完整，还可能是
一般的名词性从句It is well known that the superman is not real. 此时it指代that the superman is not real
或者同位语从句Have you heard the news that a plane crashed? 此时news与a plane crashed同一个意思。
……………………………………………以下的点相对来说更少见到…………………………………………………………6.前面用the same后面可能用as或者that，that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个。as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。举例：①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。
7.that使用的特例：in that表示“因为”, 例句：I need you in that you are good at speaking.
三大从句之——定语从句
定语：修饰名词，把名词“定住” I don’t like lazy people.
I don’t like people who never keep their word.
先行词 关系词
先行词：被定从修饰的名词，常出现在定从前面，故称为“先行词”
关系词：引导定语从句，在从句中充当先行词的“替身”
一、关系词
【关系代词】who whom which that whose as I don’t like people who never keep their word.
【关系副词】when where why I will never forget the day when I met you.
*特别注意！！！定从的世界里没有what和how！
“限制”/“非限制”
I have a girlfriend who works abroad. I have a girlfriend, who works abroad.
He never wears clothes which make him look different. He never wears clothes, which makes him look different.
定从的翻译
（一）在汉语中，用“动词+的”修饰名词时，英语中用定语从句
·李辉是个教英语的老师。
LiHui is a teacher who teaches English.
·Step1：将“定语从句部分”置于先行词之后
·Step2：加上相应的关系词
那是我想要的书。 That is the book that/which I want.
注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
什么时候可以省略？
The book that my father gave me taught me a lot.
The man who taught us English has never been to Japan.
我很高兴收到了期待已久的邀请函。
I am glad/happy/delighted to receive the invitation that/which I have been looking forward to.
告诉我们你知道的一切。Tell us all that you know.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。He is the person that/who/whom I met yesterday
这就是我喜欢这个想法的原因。This is the reason why I like this idea.
我最喜欢的书是霍金写的《时间简史》
The book that I like best is A Brief History of Time.
（二）在汉语中，用“一个句子”补充名词性质时，英语中用定语从句
1.我有一只羊驼。I have an alpaca
2.我有一只羊驼，它是我舅舅从澳大利亚带来的。The alpaca was brought by my uncle from Australia.
which
3.Tom 是一只羊驼，他总是说谎。Tom is an alpaca, who always tells lies.
