语法
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SAT语法笔记一. 主谓一致：意义一致原则：1. 谓语动词为单数的情况：由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，艰巨身份或者匹配出现。
∙The worker and writer is from Chicago. 那个工人兼作家（单数）2. “no/ each/ every/ many a + 单数名词 + and + no/ each/ every/ many + a + 单数名词∙Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.3. One/ every one/ each /either/ the number + of + 复数名词时，谓语动词单数处理∙One of New Yorker is/ every one of New Yorker is….4. 由every-, any- some-, no- 和one, -thing, -body等构成的不定代词作主语。
谓语动词单数处理。
Is everybody here today?5. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
谓语动词都按单数处理。
（分词，动名词，不定式就是非谓语动词）Persuading him to join us seems really hard. （红色下划线是考试思路）To be up early in the morning is really suffering to me. （用suffer代替hard， suffer to sb.表示某人做什么很难受）What you said has surprised me.To go to bed early and to rise early is good habit.注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或者从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need are books他们需要的是书二. 谓语动词用复数形式的情况1. 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
▪Both bread and butter are sold out面包和黄油都被卖光了。
▪The bread and butter is the main food for the Continental breakfast.（因为后面是欧洲主要早餐，它是一个概念，所以前面的谓语动词要用单数形式）2. People, police, cattle等有声明的集体名词作主语。
▪People read for pleasure during their spare time/ at one’s leisure time.（人们在他们的业余时间已读为乐）3. 一些常用作复数或者只有复数形式的名词，如goods, stairs, arms等作主语。
The goods are sold out. 商品都卖完了4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以s结尾的专有名词作主语后面谓语动词复数。
The Olympic Games are held one every four years.The Philippines/ the Netherlands/ the Rocky Mountains5. a number of/ quantities of/ a group of +名词，作主语，后面谓语动词复数▪ A number of other plants were found in America.（在美国发现了大量的其他植物）—Why does the lake smell terrible?（这湖水怎么这么难闻？）—Because large quantities of water_.（因为大量的水已经被污染了。
）A.Have polluterB.Is being pollutedC.Has been pollutedD.Have been polluteda)Be + being + 过去分词（现在进行时的被动语态）b)Has/ have + been + 过去分词（现在完成时的被动语态）三. 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, government, majority, group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。
单独使用这些词时，谓语动词要按复数处理，如果用分数，百分数，小数，谓语动词则要按复数处理。
95 percent of the American population are privileged to enjoy free Medicare except for the immigrantsaccounting for 5% of the population (not of citizenship).2. 单复数同行的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means, works, pains, deer, fish, sheep等。
▪Every means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。
（Every是单数，所以后面的means也是单数，所以，后面的谓语动词也要用单数）▪There are various means of communicating with a stranger.3. “Kind, sort, pair, type + 名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定，要根据单复数来决定谓语动词的单复数。
The kind of paper is made of straw. 这种纸是由稻草制成的。
Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些种类的动物要灭绝了。
4. all, none, some, any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All is going one very well.一切顺利All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在内大家都在注意：all指人复数处理，指物单数处理5. “half/ most/ enough/ part/ the rest/ the last/ lots/ plenty/分数/ 百分数 + of 名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单数保证一致▪ A lot of students are coming to the meeting.有很多学生要来开会▪ A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.准备这次会议需要做大量的工作6. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。
∙Two weeks was too long.∙Five times five makes twenty five.∙Seventy miles was covered in a single night.7. “either, neither 和none + of +复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数，但有些语法学认为英勇复数形式：Either of the girls is/are on their way home.Neither of them has/have replied.None of the suggestions was/ were accepted.8. 当and连接的两个单数形式的名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Law and order法制Soap and water肥皂水Fork and knife刀叉Time and tide岁月Trial and error反复尝试，不断摸索Bread and butter奶油面包His warmest admirer and severest critic was his wife.他的妻子是他最热爱的崇拜者和最严厉的批评者。
Whisky and soda is always my favorite drink.War and peace is a constant theme in history.9. 表示科学和某些名称的名词以及表示国家、组织等名称的专有名词是复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
▪Arthritics关节炎▪Measles麻疹▪Optics光学▪General Motors通用公司▪The Netherlands荷兰▪The New York Times纽约时报▪The United Nations联合国▪Statistics 统计学▪Phonetics语音学▪Genetics遗传学10. a pair of + 由两部分构成的物体的名词（如：shoes, scissors, glasses, jeans, pants, trousers等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
My new pair of pants is being alteredA pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days但是这些名词直接作主语时，谓语用复数。
My black trousers have worn out.11. 当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
▪The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本民族曾经很有侵略性▪The rich are not always selfish12.第一组：∙ A great many+可数名词复数，谓语动词复数∙ A number of + 可数名词复数，谓语用复数∙The majority of + 可数名词复数，谓语用复数第二组:∙The number of + 可数名词复数，谓语用单数∙Each/ every of + 可数名词复数，谓语用单数∙Neither/ either of + 可数名词复数，谓语用单数∙One and a half + 可数名词复数，谓语用单数第三组∙More than one + 可数名词单数，谓语用单数∙Many a + 可数名词单数，谓语用单数三. 就近一致原则1. 由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only… but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
