交换机端口错包排查方法

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一、重要性:

从网维排查的用户反应网速慢的故障中,相当一部分是由于交换机和交换机端口、交换机端口和用户路由器端口、交换机端口和光电转换器端口、交换机端口和用户网卡匹配不当,产生错包引起的。该问题虽然比较常见,但只要按交换机开局来配置,通常能降低故障发生率,即使还存在端口错包问题,也能通过改端口速度和双工状态来彻底解决。

二、交换机端口错包说明:

以华为交换机端口为例进行说明:

[NJ-A-GJXC-S3026C-1]dis int eth 0/1

Ethernet0/1 current state : UP

IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is

000f-e21d-bedc

Description: to gujiao_33-192.168.86.161

The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500

Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set

Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX

100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode

Link speed type is force link, link duplex type is force link

Flow-control is not enabled

Port-flow-constrain has not been configured completely

The Maximum Frame Length is 1536

Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%

PVID: 10

Mdi type: auto

Port link-type: hybrid

Tagged VLAN ID : , 99

Untagged VLAN ID : , 10, 458

Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 11 bytes/sec

Last 300 seconds output: 7 packets/sec 520 bytes/sec

Input(total): 11864483 packets, 6684922188 bytes

66707 broadcasts, 9522 multicasts

Input(normal): - packets, - bytes

- broadcasts, - multicasts

Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC

0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, 0 ignored, - parity

errors

Output(total): 12008069 packets, 5178275457 bytes

3638352 broadcasts, 288120 multicasts, 0 pauses

Output(normal): - packets, - bytes

- broadcasts, - multicasts, - pauses

Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures

0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions

0 lost carrier, - no carrier 如上红字所示:

输入错误数,input errors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的产品可以根据具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。

1.Runts: discarded packets that are smaller than the medium's minimum

packet size.

( Receive Byte Count < 64 and NOT CRC Error

or Receive Byte Count < 64 and Tag Packet and NOT CRC Error,

无论是否有vlan tag,数据段小于64字节,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧。)

2.Giants: discarded packets that are larger than the medium's maximum

packet size.

( Receive Byte Count > 1518 and NOT CRC Error

or Receive Byte Count > 1522 and Tag Packet and NOT CRC Error,

没有vlan tag,数据段大于1518字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧,和有vlan tag,数据段大于1522字节,小于最大帧长度,而且没有CRC校验错误的帧。)

3.Throttles: discarded packets that are incomplete frames.

( 交换机察觉缓存或CPU过载,关闭接口接收器的情形称为 throttle,是cisco路由器上的一个概念,我们的交换机目前不具备这个功能,一般应该显示为不支持。)

4.CRC: discarded packets with checksum error.

( Receive Packet CRC error,帧长度在正常范围(不带tag,长度在64到1518之间,或带tag,长度在64到1522之间),而且CRC校验错,如果支持此项,则不支持奇偶校验错误项。)

5.Frame: discarded packets with frame pad/sequence/alignment error, out

of frame etc.

( 不是整数字节,而是多1~7bit,因此不对齐,或乱序或空帧,而且CRC校验错误,但是不计入CRC错误。)

6.Overrun: the receiver hardware is unable to hand receiveddata to a

hardware buffer because the input rate exceeds the receiver'sability to

handle the data.

( 由于接口输入速率超过接受方处理能力,导致丢包,由于我们的交换机一般是线速转发,这项一般应该为0,只有部分交换机对上传CPU或三层线速转发的帧有接口带宽限制,或是通过ACL实现的带宽限制,因此被丢弃的帧,计入此项。)

7.Aborts: Input abnormal frames that are discarded.

( 除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统计的错误,例如前导码异常的帧,计入此项。)

8.Ignored: packets that are discarded because the interface hardware does

not have enough internal buffers.

( Packetignored,由于接口内部buffer满,丢弃的帧,与由于主系统缓存空间缺乏,导致的丢弃帧不同。线速转发的帧,在多接口满带宽输入,单接口输出等情况下,由于输出接口的带宽不足,数据帧将内部缓存占满,导致从接口输入的帧在进入内部缓存之前被丢弃,以及进入内部缓存的帧超时无法输出,计入此项,上传到CPU的帧,由于CPU处理能力限制,toCPU的缓存满,导致被丢弃,也计入此项。)

9.Parity: Frames with parity error.

( Receive Packet parity error,如果支持此项,则不支持 CRC 错误项。)

输入丢弃数/输入错误数,output errors等于各种重要错误信息的总和。不同的产品可以根据具体情况增加其它参数,或减少不能实现的参数。

1.Underruns: There are no data in the output queue.

( Transmit under run,与 Overrun相反,输出接口的缓存从输出队列中取以太网帧时,没有帧,是一种非常少见的硬件异常。有的交换机就没有单独的接口输出缓存,与接口输出队列是同一块缓存。)

2.Buffer failures: Hardware does not have enough internal buffers.

( 内部缓存满,如果输出队列满,输出的以太网帧将在内部缓存中暂时存储,由于内部缓存满,导致帧丢弃。由于交换机对线速转发的数据帧发生的这种异常,认为只是到达内部缓存而没有到达出接口,是个输入帧,因此计入 Input

IgnoredError,只有从CPU发出的帧,由于内部缓存满,导致帧丢弃,计入此项。)

3.Aborts: Output abnormal frames that are discarded.

( 在半双工模式下,由于冲突检测,延迟发送超过15次的帧,被丢弃,计入此项。除其他错误之外,产品认为有必要统计的错误,例如添加前导码异常的帧,也计入此项)

4.Deferred: The packets could not be sent out for collision under

half-duplex mode.

( 半双工模式下,由于检测到载波正在被声明,当时没有发出的包,延时一次,计数加一。)

5.Collisions: Statistic of collision detection under half-duplex mode.

( 半双工模式下,在以太网帧数据部分的前64字节进入线路前,由于检测到冲突,当时没有发出的包。)

te collisions: Statistic of collision with GE port sendingpackets

less than 512 bytes and 10/100M port less than 64 bytes.

( 半双工模式下,在以太网帧数据部分的前64字节进入线路后,由于检测到冲突,当时没有发出的包。)

7.Lost carrier: Statistic of losing the carrier.

( 载波丢失,一般适用于串行WAN接口,发送过程中,每丢失一个载波,此计数加一,对于交换机,通常是由于线路中断造成。)

8.No carrier: Statistic of no carrier.