2019年上海格致中学高三三模试卷

上海市格致中学2023届高三三模数学试题一、填空题1.在复数集中，若复数z 满足21z =-，则z =___________．【答案】i±【分析】设出i(,R)z a b a b =+∈，再利用复数的运算法则和复数相等的定义即可得出结果.【详解】设i(,R)z a b a b =+∈，则2222i 1z a b ab =-+=-，则2210a b ab ⎧-=-⎨=⎩，解得0a =，1b =或1b =-，所以i z =或i z =-，故答案为：iz =±2.双曲线2212y x -=的离心率为____．【详解】试题分析：由题意得：21,123,ca c c e a==+====3.若全集为R ，集合103x A x x ⎧⎫-=<⎨⎬-⎩⎭，{}2|2B y y x ==-+，则A B = ___________．【答案】{}|23<<x x 【分析】先求出集合,A B ，再求出B ，再利用集合的运算即可得出结果.【详解】因为103x A x x ⎧⎫-=<⎨⎬-⎩⎭，由103x x -<-，得到13x <<，即{}13A x x =<<，又{}2|2B y y x ==-+，易知2y ≤，所以{}|2B y y =>，所以{}|23A B x x =<< ，故答案为：{}|23<<x x 4.已知函数221xy a =-+为奇函数，则实数=a ______【答案】1【分析】根据奇函数的定义结合指数运算求解.【详解】若函数()221xf x a =-+为奇函数，则()()2202121x x f x f x a a -⎛⎫⎛⎫+-=-+-= ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭⎝⎭，即222222222021212121xx x x x a a a -⋅--=--=-=++++，解得：1a =，故答案为：1.5.若nx⎛+ ⎝的展开式中共有7项，则常数项为___________（用数字作答）.【答案】240【分析】由17n +=可得n 的值，再写出展开式的通项，令x 的指数位置等于0即可求解.【详解】因为nx⎛+ ⎝的展开式中共有7项，所以17n +=，可得6n =，所以6x⎛+ ⎝展开式的通项为136622166C 2C 2rr r r r r r T x x x ---+==，令3602r -=可得4r =，所以常数项为446C 21516240=⨯=，故答案为：240.6.从高三某班抽取10名同学，他们的数学成绩如下：102，110，117，120，122，122，122，126，134，145（单位：分），则这10名同学数学成绩的第70百分位数是___________．【答案】124【分析】根据百分位数定义可求.【详解】解：因为1070%7⨯=，所以这10名同学数学成绩的第70百分位数是1221261242+=，故答案为：124.7.盒子中有大小与质地相同的5个红球和4个白球，从中随机取1个球，观察其颜色后放回，并同时放入与其相同颜色的球3个，再从盒子中取1个球.则第二次取出的球是白色的概率为______.【答案】49【分析】根据全概率公式求解可得.【详解】设事件A 为“第一次抽到白球”，事件B 为“第二次抽到白球”，则B AB AB =+，所以()()()()()P B P A P B A P A P B A =+，由题可得()49P A =，()59P A =，()712P B A =，()412P B A =，所以()475449129129P B =⨯+⨯=.故答案为：49.8.关于x 的不等式220ax x a -+≥的解集是(),-∞+∞，则实数a 的取值范围为___________．【答案】,4⎫+∞⎪⎪⎣⎭【分析】构造2()2f x ax x a =-+，利用函数的性质，将问题转化成在[)0,∞+上恒成立，再通过分离常转化成求函数的最值即可求出结果.【详解】因为关于x 的不等式220ax x a -+≥的解集是(),-∞+∞，所以220ax x a -+≥在R 上恒成立，令2()2f x ax x a =-+，易知()f x 为偶函数，所以220ax x a -+≥在R 上恒成立，即2()20f x ax x a =-+≥在[)0,∞+上恒成立，所以，当0x =时，由2220ax x a a -+=≥，得到0a ≥，当0x >时，由220ax x a -+≥，得到2122x a x x x≥=++，又因为2x x+≥x =时取等号，所以24a ≥=，综上，实数a 的取值范围为,4⎫+∞⎪⎪⎣⎭.故答案为：,4⎫+∞⎪⎪⎣⎭.9.已知()()31log 19f x x x =+≤≤，设()()()22g x f x fx =+，则函数()y g x =的值域为___________．【答案】[2,7]【分析】确定函数()y g x =的定义域，化简可得()y g x =的表达式，换元令3log ,([0,1])x t t =∈，可得242y t t =++，结合二次函数的性质即得答案.【详解】由题意得21919x x ≤≤⎧⎨≤≤⎩，则13x ≤≤，即()()()22g x f x f x =+的定义域为[1,3]，故()()()2223323321log )1log (log )4log 2(g x fx f x x x x x ++=+=+=++，令3log ,([0,1])x t t =∈，则2242(2)2y t t t =++=+-，函数2(2)2y t =+-在[0,1]上单调递增，故[2,7]y ∈，故函数()y g x =的值域为[2,7]，故答案为：[2,7]10.已知()πsin 202y x ϕϕ⎛⎫=-<<⎪⎝⎭在π0,3⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上是严格增函数，且该函数在7π0,8⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上有最小值，那么ϕ的取值范围是___________．【答案】ππ,64⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭【分析】根据条件，结合sin y x =的图像与性质即可求出结果.【详解】当π0,3x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时，2π2,3x ϕϕϕ⎡⎤-∈--⎢⎥⎣⎦，又因为()πsin 2(02y x ϕϕ=-<<在π0,3⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上是严格增函数，所以π2π2k ϕ-+≤-且)2ππ2π(32Z k k ϕ-∈≤+，即ππ2π2π62k k ϕ+≤≤+，Z k ∈，又π02ϕ<<，取0k =，得到ππ62ϕ≤<，当7π(0,8x ∈时，7π2,4x ϕϕϕ⎛⎫-∈-- ⎪⎝⎭，又π02ϕ<<，所以π02ϕ-<-<，又该函数在7π(0,)8上有最小值，所以7π3π42ϕ->，得到π04ϕ<<，综上所述，ππ64ϕ≤<.故答案为：ππ64ϕ≤<.11.已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若221n n n a S a =+，22log n n nS b S +=，数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T ，则下列结论正确的是___________．①1n n a a +<；②{}2n S 是等差数列；③n S ≤④满足3n T ≥的n 的最小正整数解为10．【答案】②③④【分析】根据题意得()()21121n n n n n S S S S S ---=+-，整理得2211n n S S --=，即可判断②；由②知，=n S ，所以n a ==1n a +==即可判断①；因为1n S ≤1≤，令()10x x =≥，即()e 10x x x ≥+≥，构造函数()()e 10xf x x x =--≥，利用函数的单调性即可判断出③的正误；再根据题意得()22221log log 2log 2n n n S b n n S +==+-⎡⎤⎣⎦，求和得()()211log 122n T n n =-+++⎡⎤⎣⎦，再根据题意求解即可判断④的正误.【详解】因为221n n n a S a =+，当1n =时，211121a S a =+，解得11S =，当2n ≥时，1n n n a S S -=-，所以()()21121n n n n n S S S S S ---=+-，整理得2211n n S S --=，所以数列{}2n S 是首项为211S =，公差为1的等差数列，故②正确；对于①，由()2111n S n n =+-⨯=，又正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S，得到=n S ，当1n =时，解得11S =，当2n ≥时，1n n n a S S -=-，即=n a ，又111S a ==，所以1n =时，满足=n a，所以n a ==又1n a +==>，所以<1n n a a +<，故①不正确；对于③，令()()e 10xf x x x =--≥，所以()e 1xf x '=-，当0x ≥时，e 10x -≥恒成立，所以()f x 在[)0,∞+单调递增，所以()()00f x f ≥=，即()e 100x x x --≥≥，所以e 1x x ≥+在[0,)x ∈+∞上恒成立，令()11,N x n n *=≥∈，所以1≥=n S，即1n S ≤成立，故③正确；对于④，因为=n S，所以2n S +=1222222log log log n n nS n b S n ++⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭()222121log log 2log 22n n n n +==+-⎡⎤⎣⎦，所以1231n n n T b b b b b -=+++++ ()()()22222222221log 3log 1log 4log 2log 5log 3log 1log 1log 2log 2n n n n =-+-+-+++--++-⎡⎤⎣⎦ ()()()()222111log 1log 21log 1222n n n n =-++++=-+++⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦，因为3n T ≥，即()()211log 1232n n -+++≥⎡⎤⎣⎦，化简整理得：231260n n +-≥，当9n =时，2939126180+⨯-=-<，当10n =时，21031012640+⨯-=>，所以满足3n T ≥的n 的最小正整数解为10，故④正确.故答案为：②③④.【点睛】给出n S 与n a 的递推关系，求n a ，常用思路是：一是利用1nn n a S S -=-转化为n a 的递推关系，再求其通项公式；二是转化为n S 的递推关系，先求出n S 与n 之间的关系，再求n a .12.已知平面向量a ，b ，c 满足1a = ，1a b b c ⋅=⋅=，a b c -+≤ a c ⋅ 的最大值为___________．【答案】2【分析】根据题意，设出a ，b ，c的坐标，结合向量模长的坐标公式，分类讨论，即可得到a c ⋅的范围，从而得到结果.【详解】设()1,0a = ，()1,b s = ，()1,c st t =-，,s t ∈R ，由已知可得：a b c -+=，当且仅当22s t =时，取等号，当0st ≥时，有()2218st st -+≤，得01st ≤≤+，当0st <时，有()2618st st -+≤，得10st -≤<，所以当11st -≤≤时，12a c st -≤⋅=-≤.所以a c ⋅的最大值为2.故答案为：2.二、选择题13.“11x -<<”是“112x x -++≤”的（）A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件【答案】A【分析】解绝对值不等式得到解集为{}11x x -≤≤，从而得到1111x x --<≤<≤⇒，但11x -≤≤⇒11x -<<，求出答案.【详解】112x x -++≤，当1x <-时，112x x ---≤，即22x -≤，解得1x ≥-，与1x <-取交集，得∅，当11x -≤≤时，112x x -++≤，即22≤，成立，故11x -≤≤，当1x >时，112x x -++≤，解得1x ≤，与1x >取交集，得∅，综上：112x x -++≤的解集为{}11x x -≤≤，因为1111x x --<≤<≤⇒，但11x -≤≤⇒11x -<<，故“11x -<<”是“112x x -++≤”的充分不必要条件.故选：A14.实验测得六组成对数据(),x y 的值为()4,90，()5,84，()6,83，()7,80，()8,75，()9,68，由此可得y 与x 之间的回归方程为4y x b =-+，则可预测当10x =时，y 的值为（）A.67B.66C.65D.64【答案】B【分析】先求出样本中心点，线性回归方程4y x b =-+恒过(),x y ，代入即可求出b ，再令10x =，代入求解即可.【详解】由表中数据可得，()14566789 6.5x =⨯+++++=，()1908483807568806y =⨯+++++=，线性回归方程为4y x b =-+，则804 6.5b =-⨯+，解得106b =，故4106y x =-+，当10x =时，41010666y =-⨯+=.故选：B.15.将函数3=-+y x x ，[]0,1x ∈的图象绕点()1,0顺时针旋转θ角（π02θ<<）得到曲线C ，若曲线C 仍是一个函数的图形，则θ的最大值为（）A.1arctan2B.π6 C.π4D.arctan 2【答案】A【分析】要使旋转后的图象仍为一个函数的图象，旋转θ后的切线倾斜角最多为90 ，故只需求1x =处的倾斜角即可.【详解】函数()3f x y x x ==-+，()231f x x '=-+，当30,3x ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭时，()0f x ¢>，函数在30,3⎡⎫⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭上递增，当3,13x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥ ⎝⎦时，()0f x '<，函数在3,13⎛⎤⎥ ⎝⎦上递减，()12f '=-可得在1x =处切线的倾斜角为πarctan 2-，因此，要使旋转后的图象仍为一个函数的图象，旋转θ后的切线倾斜角最多为90 ，也就是说，最大旋转角为ππ1πarctan 2arctan 2arctan 222--=-=，即θ的最大值为1arctan 2.故选：A.16.在棱长为1的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，已知E 为线段1B C 的中点，点F 和点P 分别满足111D F D C λ= ，11D P D B μ=，其中λ，[]0,1μ∈，则下列说法不正确的是（）A.当12λ=时，三棱锥P EFD -的体积为定值B.当12μ=时，四棱锥P ABCD -的外接球的表面积是94πC.PE PF +的最小值为536D.存在唯一的实数对(),λμ，使得EP ⊥平面PDF 【答案】C【分析】由线面平行的判定可知1//BD 平面EFD ，知三棱锥P EFD -底面积和高均为定值，A 正确；根据正棱锥外接球的球法，可构造关于外接球半径R 的方程，求得R 后知B 正确；将C 中问题转化为在平面11ABC D 内求解PE PF +的最小值，作E 关于线段1BD 的对称点1E ，将问题转化为1E H 长度的求解，根据角度和长度关系可确定C 正确；以D 为坐标原点建立空间直角坐标系，假设线面垂直可构造方程组求得,λμ，可知D 正确.【详解】对于A ，当12λ=时，F 为11C D 中点，又E 为1B C 中点，1//EF BD ∴，EF ⊂平面EFD ，1BD ⊄平面EFD ，1//BD ∴平面EFD ，则当P 在线段1BD 上移动时，其到平面EFD 的距离不变，∴三棱锥P EFD -的体积为定值，A 正确；对于B ，当12μ=时，取,AC BD 交点O ，连接PO ，则四棱锥P ABCD -为正四棱锥，PO ∴⊥平面ABCD ，设四棱锥P ABCD -的外接球的球心为O '，半径为R ，则O '在直线PO 上，2OC =，12OO R '=-，222OC OO O C ''∴+=，即221122R R ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭，解得：34R =，∴四棱锥P ABCD -的外接球的表面积29π4π4S R ==，B 正确；对于C ，将问题转化为在平面11ABC D 内求解PE PF +的最小值，作E 关于线段1BD 的对称点1E ，过1E 作1//HG AD ，交11,C D AB 于,H G ，如下图所示，1PE PE = ，11PE PF PE PF E H ∴+=+≥（当且仅当F 与H 重合时取等号）111111E BA ABD D BE ABD D BC ∠=∠-∠=∠-∠ ，()2211111sin sin 3E BA ABD D BC ⎛⎫∴∠=∠-∠=-=，11112sin sin 6E G B E E BA BE E BA ∴=⋅∠=⋅∠=，125266E H ∴==，即PE PF +的最小值为526，故C 错误；对于D ，以D 为坐标原点，1,,DA DC DD为,,x y z 轴建立如图所示空间直角坐标系，则()0,0,0D ，11,1,22E ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，()0,,1F λ，(),,1P μμμ-，11,1,22EP μμμ⎛⎫∴=--- ⎪⎝⎭，(),,1DP μμμ=-，()0,,1DF λ= ，若EP ⊥平面PDF ，则EP DPEP DF ⊥⎧⎨⊥⎩，()()()11110221102EP DP EP DF μμμμμμλμμ⎧⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=-+-+--= ⎪ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭∴⎨⎛⎫⎪⋅=-+-= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩，解得：336132μλ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩（舍）或336312μλ⎧=⎪⎪⎨-⎪=⎪⎩，∴存在唯一的实数对()13,,26λμ⎛-=⎝⎭，使得EP ⊥平面PDF ，故D 正确.故选：C.三、解答题17.在ABC 中，coscos CA =，6B π=，BC 边中线AM =（1）求A 的值；（2）求ABC 的面积．【答案】（1）π6；（2【分析】（1）由正弦定理结合三角恒等变换得出A 的值；（2）由余弦定理得出2b =，最后由面积公式得出ABC 的面积．【小问1详解】因为coscos C A =，所以由正弦定理可得cos cos CA =2sin cos cos cos )B A A C C A A C B=+=+=因为sin 0B ≠，所以cos 2A =，因为()0,πA ∈，所以π6A =.【小问2详解】因为6B π=，23C A B ππ=--=，可知ABC 为等腰三角形.在AMC 中，由余弦定理可得2222cos120AM AC MC AC MC =+-⋅︒即227(2cos12022b bb b =+-⨯⨯⨯︒，解得2b =.所以ABC 的面积为22113sin 2222S b C ==⨯⨯=.18.如图，三棱柱111ABC A B C -中､四边形11ABB A 是菱形，且160ABB ∠=，2AB BC ==，1CA CB =，1CA CB ⊥，（1）证明：平面1CAB ⊥平面11ABB A ；（2）求直线1BB 和平面ABC 所成角的正弦值；【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）7【分析】（1）连接1BA 交1AB 于O ，连接CO ，证明CO BO ⊥可得线面垂直，再由面面垂直的判定定理得证；（2）利用等体积法求出点1B 到平面ABC 的距离d ，再由线面角公式1sin dBB θ=求解即可.【小问1详解】连接1BA 交1AB 于O ，连接CO ，如图，四边形11ABB A 是菱形，所以11AB A B ⊥，又1CA CB =，1CA CB ⊥，O 是1AB 的中点，所以1CO AB ⊥且112CO AB =，由160ABB ∠=︒，可知1ABB 为正三角形，所以12AB AB ==，BO =，在BOC中，22222212CO BO BC =+==+，所以CO BO ⊥，又1BO AB O = ，1,BO AB ⊂平面11ABB A ，所以CO ⊥平面11ABB A ，又CO ⊂平面1CAB ，所以平面1CAB ⊥平面11ABB A .【小问2详解】设1B 到平面ABC 的距离为d ，因为ABC 中，2AB BC ==，AC ==所以11222ABCS AC =⨯，又1224ABB S =⨯= ，1CO =，所以由11B ABC C ABB V V --=，可得11133ABC ABB d S CO S ⋅=⋅△△,即172ABB ABCS d S ===△△,设直线1BB 和平面ABC 所成角为θ，则17sin 27d BB θ===.19.2022年11月21日第22届世界杯在卡塔尔开幕，是历史上首次在中东国家举办，也是第二次在亚洲国家举办的世界杯足球赛.某校“足球社团”调查学生喜欢足球是否与性别有关，现从全校学生中随机抽取了()*40k k ∈N 人，若被抽查的男生与女生人数之比为5：3，男生中喜欢足球的人数占男生的35，女生中喜欢足球的人数占女生的13.经计算，有95%的把握认为喜欢足球与性别有关，但没有99%的把握认为喜欢足球与性别有关.（1）请完成下面的列联表，并求出k 的值；喜欢足球不喜欢足球合计男生女生合计（2）将频率视为概率，用样本估计总体，从全校男学生中随机抽取3人，记其中喜欢足球的人数为X ，求X 的分布列及数学期望.附：()()()()()22n ad bc a b c d a c b d χ-=++++，其中n a b c d =+++.()20P k χ≥0.100.050.010.0010k 2.7063.8416.63510.828【答案】（1）列联表见解析，2k =；（2）分布列见解析，95【分析】（1）依题意，先填好列联表，再根据卡方计算临界值求出k ；（2）按照二项分布求解.【小问1详解】由已知，完成列联表，喜欢足球不喜欢足球合计男生15k 10k 25k 女生5k 10k 15k 合计20k20k40k将数值代入公式可得2χ的观测值：()222240150508202025153k k kk k k k kχ⨯-==⨯⨯⨯，根据条件，可得83.841 6.6353k≤<，解得1.440 2.488k ≤<，因为*k ∈N ，所以2k =；【小问2详解】由（1）知，样本的男生中喜欢足球的频率为35，用样本估计总体，从全校男生中随机抽取一人，喜欢足球的概率为35，则3~3,5X B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，()03033280C 55125P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，()121332361C 55125P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，()212332542C 55125P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，()303332273C 55125P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，则X 的分布列为X 0123P812536125541252712539355EX =⨯=；综上，2k =，数学期望为95.20.已知椭圆C ：()222210x y a b a b+=>>的焦距为，且过点12⎫⎪⎭．（1）求椭圆C 的方程；（2）设与坐标轴不垂直的直线l 交椭圆C 于M ，N 两点（异于椭圆顶点），点P 为线段MN 的中点，O 为坐标原点．①若点P 在直线12x =上，求证：线段MN 的垂直平分线恒过定点S ，并求出点S 的坐标；②求证：当OMN 的面积最大时，直线OM 与ON 的斜率之积为定值．【答案】（1）2214x y +=；（2）①证明见解析，3(,0)8S ；②直线OM 与ON 的斜率之积为14-.【分析】（1）根据焦距和所过点联立方程组求解即可；（2）设出直线方程并与椭圆方程联立，①根据中点公式及垂直平分线方程化简即可证明并得到定点；②利用弦长公式和点到直线距离公式，表示出三角形面积，并借助重要不等式得到三角形面积最大时，直线方程中的参数满足的条件，由此化简直线OM 与ON 的斜率之积即可得出定值.【小问1详解】因为焦距为2c =，即c =2223a b c -==，又因为椭圆过点12⎫⎪⎭，所以223114a b+=，解得221,4b a ==，所以椭圆C 的方程为2214x y +=.【小问2详解】由题意知，直线l 斜率存在，设直线l 方程为y kx m =+，设112200(,),(,),(,)M x y N x y P x y .由2214y kx m x y =+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩得222(14)8440k x kmx m +++-=，2222226416(1)(14)16(14)0k m m k k m ∆=--+=+->，2121222844,1414km m x x x x k k--+==++.①因为点P 为线段MN 的中点，点P 在直线12x =上，所以1202412142x x km x k +-===+，即2148k km +=-，2148k m k+=-.所以00y kx m =+21141288k k k k+=+=--.所以线段MN 的垂直平分线方程为001()y y x x k-=--，即111()82y x k k +=--，即13(8y x k =--.故线段MN 的垂直平分线恒过定点3(,0)8S .②由弦长公式得12MN x =-=坐标原点到直线MN 的距离为21m d k=+，所以OMN 的面积为12OMNS MN d =⋅△2222222214141142214141m m k m k k m k k k+-+=⨯+-=⨯+++22221422114m k m k++-≤⨯=+.当且仅当22214m k m =+-，即22214m k =+时等号成立.所以12121212()()OM ONy y kx m kx m k k x x x x ++==22121212()k x x km x x m x x +++=2222222(44)8(14)44k m k m m k m --++=-2222241144444m k m m m --===---.所以直线OM 与ON 的斜率之积为定值14-.21.已知2()46ln f x x x x =--，（1）求()f x 在(1,(1))f 处的切线方程以及()f x 的单调性；（2）对(1,)x ∀∈+∞，有21()()6112xf x f x x k x ⎛⎫'->+-- ⎪⎝⎭恒成立，求k 的最大整数解；（3）令()()4(6)ln g x f x x a x =+--，若()g x 有两个零点分别为1x ，2x ()12x x <且0x 为()g x 的唯一的极值点，求证：12034x x x +>.【答案】（1）切线方程为85y x =-+；单调递减区间为()0,3，单调递增区间为(3,)+∞（2）k 的最大整数解为3（3）证明见解析【分析】（1）求出函数的导数，求出(1)f '，(1)f 即可得到切线方程，解()0f x '>得到单调递增区间，解()0f x '<得到单调递减区间，需注意在定义域范围内；（2）21()()6112xf x f x x k x ⎛⎫'->+-- ⎪⎝⎭等价于min ln ()1x x x k h x x +<=-，求导分析()h x 的单调性，即可求出k 的最大整数解；（3）由2()ln g x x a x =-，求出导函数分析其极值点与单调性，构造函数即可证明；【详解】解：（1）2()46ln f x x x x =-- 所以定义域为()0,+¥6()24f x x x'∴=--；(1)8f '=-；(1)3f =-所以切线方程为85y x =-+；2()(1)(3)f x x x x'=+-，令()0f x '>解得3x >令()0f x '<解得03x <<所以()f x 的单调递减区间为()0,3，单调递增区间为(3,)+∞.（2）21()()6112xf x f x x k x ⎛⎫'->+-- ⎪⎝⎭等价于min ln ()1x x xk h x x +<=-；22ln ()(1)x xh x x --'∴=-，记()2ln m x x x =--，1()10m x x'=->，所以()m x 为(1,)+∞上的递增函数，且(3)1ln 30m =-<，(4)2ln 40m =->，所以0(3,4)x ∃∈，使得()00m x =即002ln 0x x --=，所以()h x 在()01,x 上递减，在()0,x +∞上递增，且()000min 000ln ()(3,4)1x x x h x h x x x +===∈-；所以k 的最大整数解为3.（3）2()ln g x x a x =-，(2)(2)()20a g x x x x +-'=-==得0x =，当x ⎛∈ ⎝，()0g x '<，x ⎫∈+∞⎪⎪⎭，()0g x '>；所以()g x在⎛ ⎝上单调递减，⎫+∞⎪⎪⎭上单调递增，而要使()g x 有两个零点，要满足()00g x <，即202g a a e ⎛=-⇒> ⎝；因为10x <<2x >，令21x t x =(1)t >，由()()12f x f x =，221122ln ln x a x x a x ∴-=-，即：2221111ln ln x a x t x a tx -=-，212ln 1a t x t ∴=-而要证12034x x x +>，只需证1(31)t x +>，即证：221(31)8t x a +>即：22ln (31)81a tt a t +>-由0a >，1t >只需证：22(31)ln 880t t t +-+>，令22()(31)ln 88h t t t t =+-+，则1()(186)ln 76h t t t t t'=+-++令1()(186)ln 76n t t t t t =+-++，则261()18ln 110t n t t t-'=++>(1)t >故()n t 在(1,)+∞上递增，()(1)0n t n >=；故()h t 在(1,)+∞上递增，()(1)0h t h >=；12034x x x ∴+>.【点睛】本题考查导数的几何意义，利用导数研究函数的极值，最值以及函数的单调性，综合性比较强，属于难题.。

2019年高三第三次模拟测试数 学一、填空题：本大题共14小题，每小题5分，共计70分．请把答案填写在相应位置上．．．．．． 1．已知集合{|||2}A x x =<，{1,0,1,2,3}B =-，则A B ＝ ． 2．设a ∈R ，若复数(1)()i a i ++在复平面内对应的点位于实轴上，则a ＝ ．3．设a ∈R ，则“1>a ”是“21a >”的 条件． (填“充分不必要”“必要不充分”“充分必要”或“既不充分也不必要”)4．已知平面向量,a b 的夹角为3π，且|a |＝1，|b |＝12，则2+a b 与b 的夹角大小是 ．5．已知双曲线22221(0,0)y x a b a b-=>>的焦距为直线20x y +=垂直，则双曲线的方程为 ．6．已知函数()(2+1)e x f x x =(e 是自然对数的底)，则函数()f x 在点(0，1)处的切线方程为 ．7．《九章算术》是我国古代的数学名著，体现了古代劳动人民的数学智慧，其中第六章“均输”中，有一竹节容量问题，某人根据这一思想，设计了如右图所示的程序框图，若输出m 的值为35，则输入的a 的值为 ． 8．若3tan 4α= ，则2cos 2sin 2αα+= ．9．当实数x ，y满足240,10,1x y x y x +-⎧⎪--⎨⎪⎩≤≤≥时，14ax y +≤≤恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是 ． 10．已知O 为坐标原点，F 是椭圆C ：22221y x a b+=(0a b >>)的左焦点，A ，B分别为C 的左，右AD C BE顶点．P 为C 上一点，且PF ⊥x 轴．过点A 的直线l 与线段PF 交于点M ，与y 轴交于点E ．若直线BM 经过OE 的中点，则C 的离心率为 ．11．已知M 是面积为1的△ABC 内的一点(不含边界)，若△MBC ，△MCA ，△MAB 的面积分为x ，y ，z ，则1x y x y z+++的最小值分别为．12．若n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和，且1101,55a S ==．记[]=lg n n b a ，其中[x ]表示不超过x 的最大整数，如[][]0.90,lg991==．则数列{}n b 的前2017项和为．13．如图，在平面四边形ABCD 中，已知∠A ＝2π，∠B ＝23π， AB ＝6．在AB 边上取点E 使得BE ＝1，连结EC ，ED ，若∠CED ＝23π，EC CD ＝． 14．已知函数4,0,e ()2,0,exx x f x x x ⎧+<⎪=⎨⎪⎩≥若123123()()()()f x f x f x x x x ==<<，则21()f x x 的范围是．二、解答题：本大题共6小题，共计90分．解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤． 15．(本小题满分14分)已知函数()4sin cos()3f x x x π=++，0,6x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦． (1)求函数()f x 的值域；(2)已知锐角ABC ∆的角,,A B C 所对的边分别是,,a b c a ，b 分别为函数()f x 的最小值与最大值，且ABC ∆求ABC ∆的面积．A DP MB16．(本小题满分14分) 如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA PB =，PA PB ⊥，AB BC ⊥，且平面PAB ⊥平面ABCD ，若2AB =，1BC =，AD BD == (1)求证：PA ⊥平面PBC ；(2)若点M 在棱PB 上，且:3PM MB =，求证//CM 平面PAD ．17．(本小题满分14分) 有一块以点O 为圆心，半径为2百米的圆形草坪，草坪内距离OD 点有一用于灌溉的水笼头，现准备过点D 修一条笔直小路交草坪圆周于A ，B 两点，为了方便居民散步，同时修建小路OA ，OB ，其中小路的宽度忽略不计．(1)若要使修建的小路的费用最省，试求小路的最短长度；(2)若要在△ABO 区域内(含边界)规划出一块圆形的场地用于老年人跳广场舞，试求这块圆形广场的最大面积．(结果保留根号和π)18．(本小题满分16分) 平面直角坐标系xOy 中，椭圆C ：()222210y x a b a b+=＞＞ 的，抛物线E ∶24x y =的焦点F 是C 的一个顶点．(1)求椭圆C 的方程；(2)设与坐标轴不重合的动直线l 与C 交于不同的两点A 和B ，与x 轴交于点M ，且1(,2)2P 满足2PA PB PM k k k +=，试判断点M 是否为定点？若是定点求出点M 的坐标；若不是定点请说明理由．19．(本小题满分16分) 各项为正的数列{}n a 满足2*111,()2n n n a a a a n λ+==+∈N ，(1)当1n a λ+=时，求证：数列{}n a 是等比数列，并求其公比；(2)当2λ=时，令12n n b a =+，记数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n S ，数列{}n b 的前n 项之积为n T ，求证：对任意正整数n ，12n n n T S ++为定值．20．(本小题满分16分) 已知函数2ln )(ax x x f +=（a ∈R ），)(x f y =的图象连续不间断．(1)求函数)(x f y =的单调区间；(2)当1=a 时，设l 是曲线)(x f y =的一条切线，切点是A ，且l 在点A 处穿过函数)(x f y =的图象(即动点在点A 附近沿曲线)(x f y =运动，经过点A 时，从l 的一侧进入另一侧)，求切线l 的方程．数学参考答案一、填空题1．{-101}，， 2．1- 3．充分不必要 4．6π5．2214x y -=6．310x y -+= 7．48．64259．3[1,]210．1311．312．4944 13．7 14．(1,0)-二、解答题15．(1)1()4sin (cos )22f x x x x =⋅-22sin cos x x x =-sin 2x x =2sin(2)3x π=+ (4)分 因为06x π≤≤，所以22333x πππ+≤≤，sin(2)123x π+≤， ……………………………6分 所以函数()f x的值域为⎤⎦． (7)分(2)依题意a =2b =，ABC ∆的外接圆半径4r =，sin 232a A r ===， ……………………………9分sin 232b B r ===cos 3A =，1cos 3B =，………………………11分sin sin()sin cos cos sin C A B A B A B =+=+=， (13)分所以11sin 2223ABCS ab C ∆==⨯=． (14)分16．(1)证明：因为平面PAB ⊥平面ABCD ，BC ⊂平面ABCD ，平面PAB 平面ABCD于AB ， 又BC AB ⊥，所以BC ⊥平面PAB ．………3分 又PA ⊂平面PAB ，所以BC ⊥PA ． ……………5分 由已知PA PB ⊥，且PB BC B =，所以PA ⊥平面PAB ． ……………………………7分 (2)证明：如图，取AD 的中点E ，连结CE ， 在平面PAB 内，过点M 作//MF AB 交PA 于F ， 连结,FM FE . 在△PAB 中，由作法知//MF AB ，且3342MF AB ==， (9)分PM BCDAF E在底面ABCD 中，易证//CE AB 且32CE =， 所以//MF CE 且MF CE =， ………………………11分 所以四边形MCEF 是平行四边形，所以//CM EF ， ………………………12分 又EF ⊂平面APD ，CM ⊄平面APD ，所以//CM 平面PAD ．……………14分17．建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系，则D (1)小路的长度为OA OB AB ++，因为,OA OB长为定值，故只需要AB 最小即可． 作OM AB ⊥于M ，记OM d =，则AB ==又d OD =≤，故AB =≥ 此时点D 为AB 中点． 故小路的最短长度为4+(百米)(2)显然，当广场所在的圆与△ABC 面积最大，设△ABC 的内切圆的半径为则△ABC 的面积为1()22ABC S AB AC BC r AB d ∆=++⋅=⋅，……………6分 由弦长公式AB =可得2244AB d =-，所以2222(16)4(4)AB AB r AB ⋅-=+， (8)分设AB x =，则22222(16)(4)()444(4)x x x x r f x x x ⋅-⋅-===++（）， 所以3222228322(416)'()4(4)4(4)x x x x x x f x x x --+-⋅+-==++， (10)分 又因为0d CD<≤，即0d <，所以)x AB ⎡==⎣，……………12分所以222(416)'()04(4)x x x f x x -⋅+-=<+，所以max ()6f x f ==-， 即△ABC 的内切圆的面积最大值为(6-π．………………………………………14分18．(1)由题意c a=1c =， …………………2分所以2,1a b ==，故椭圆的方程为2214x y +=． …………………4分设直线1122:(,),(,)AB x ty m A x y B x y =+，，代入2214x y +=得22()14ty m y ++=，即222(4)240()t y tmy m +++-=*，212122224,44tm m y y y y t t -+=-=++，……………6分22222222222412112(2)42(8)164242241211514424242m tm t m t m t m t m t t m tm t t m m t m t t -⎛⎫⎛⎫-----+--- ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭⎝⎭==-⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--+--+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，……………10分又241122PMk mm ==--，8212PM k m =-． (12)分因为2PA PBPM k k k +=，所以2158241280181416.2122m m m m m ⎧⎪-⋅=-⎪⎪-=⎨⎪⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪-=-- ⎪ ⎪⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭⎩，，解得8m =．……………15分经检验()*有解时恒成立，存在定点(8,0)M 符合条件．……………16分19．证明：(1)由1n a λ+=，得211n n n n a a a a ++=+，所以22110n n n n a a a a ++--=，两边同时除以2n a 可得：21110n n n n a a a a ++⎛⎫--= ⎪⎝⎭，……………2分解得1n n aa +=． ……………4分121212*********212122222111122221122()()42211()22PA PB y y y y k k x x ty m ty m ty y t y y m y y m t y y t m y y m ----+=+=+--+-+-⎛⎫⎛⎫-++-+-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭=⎛⎫⎛⎫+-++- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭因为0n a >，所以1n n a a +=为常数，故数列{}n a是等比数列，公比为12．……6分(2)当2λ=时，212n n n a a a +=+，得12(2)n n n a a a +=+，所以11122nn n n a b a a +==+．……………8分 11211223111111111()()()()()22222n n n n n n n n a a a a T b b b a a a a a ++++=⋅=⋅⋅==，……10分又211111122n n n n n n n n a a b a a a a a +++===-⋅；……………12分 所以121111112n n n n S b b b a a a ++=+++=-=-， ……………14分 故1111111122()222n n n n n n n T S a a ++++++=⋅⋅+-=为定值． ……………………16分20．解:(1)2121'()2(0)ax f x ax x x x+=+=>，………………………1分①0≥a 时，)(x f 的单调增区间是),0(+∞； (3)分②<a 时，)(x f 的单调增区间是)21,0(a-，减区间是),21(+∞-a．……………6分(2)设切点))(,(00x f x A ,00>x x xx f 21)(+=',所以在点A 处切线的斜率是0021x x + 所以切线方程为))(21()(0000x x x x x f y -+=-，………………………7分即02000ln 1)21(x x x x x y +--+=．l 在点A 处穿过函数)(x f y =的图象，即在点A 的两侧，曲线)(x f y =在直线的两侧．令02000ln 1)21()(x x x x x x g +--+=，设)()()(x g x f x h -=，所以在0x x =附近两侧)(x h 的值异号． (8)分设020002ln 1)21(ln )(x x x x x x x x h -+++-+=，注意到0)(0=x h ．下面研究函数的单调性：002121)(x x x x x h --+='=)12)((00xx x x --=xx x x x x x x x x x )21)((212)(00000--=--． ………………10分当021x x <时：)(),,0(0x h x x ∈0)()(0=<x h x h当)(),21,(00x h x x x ∈是减函数,所以0)()(0=<x h x h 所以)(x h 在0x x =处取极大值，两侧附近同负，与题设不符． ……………12分同理，当0021x x >时，)(x h 在0x x =处取极小值，两侧附近同正，与题设不符．故0021x x =,即220=x 时，22(2()0x h x x'=≥，所以)(x h 在),0(+∞内单调增所以当)()(),,0(00=<∈x h x h x x ，当0)()(),,21(00=>+∞∈x h x h x x 符合题设．………14分所以220=x ，切线方程为13ln 222y =--． (16)分21．A ．证明：因为CD 为△ABC 外接圆的切线，所以∠DCB ＝∠A ，由题设知BC DC FAEA=，故△CDB ∽△AEF ，所以∠DBC ＝∠EF A ．因为B ，E ，F ，C 四点共圆， ……………5分 所以∠CFE ＝∠DBC ， 故∠EF A ＝∠CFE ＝90°． 所以∠CBA ＝90°，因此CA 是△ABC 外接圆的直径．……………10分21．B ．解：设矩阵=a b M c d ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，则2311,1002a b a b c d c d -⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦， 所以23,1,,20 2.a b a c d c -+==⎧⎧⎨⎨-+==⎩⎩且解得1,5,2,4a b c d ====.所以1524M ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦．……………5分M 的特征多项式15()(1)(4)10(1)(6)024f λλλλλλλ--==---=+-=--, 所以λ＝6错误!未找到引用源。

2019-2020学年上海市上海中学高三英语三模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThailand is a country with a long and rich history. It is also one of those countries which have many traditions which modern times fortunately have not affected. Thailand is famous for its unique culture. It is well worth noting that Thai culture hasbeen handed down from one generation to the next.Thai Classical DanceThe inspiring culture includes local music and wonderful Thai dances. The dances of course have something to do with its deep-rooted Buddhist religion, fighting arts and beautiful clothing. Thai classical dance performances are generally performed by gracious (高雅的) Thai ladies wearing beautiful Thai local costumes. Most resort (旅游胜地) areas and many hotels frequently offer these Thai culture dance shows for foreign visitors.Thai GreetingThe unique Thai gesture of greeting another person, the wai, is especiallyone of the great aspects of Thai culture. The wai is when a person joins both hands to either head or chest level while bending their head slightly towards his hands. This way of greeting is especially done when a younger person greets an older person and it indicates a sign of respect to their elders. Employees would also wai their managers even if the manager would be younger than themselves.BangkokBangkok is the culture center of Thailand and has been the Thai capital since the end of the eighteenth century. Observing Thai culture in Bangkok can be great experience as the combination of modern times and traditions have created a kind of unique atmosphere. Bangkok offers a package of Thai culture which is shown by numerous beautiful Buddhist temples and many examples of modern Thai architecture.Bangkok National MuseumAnother location in Bangkok where one can enjoy and see Thai culture is at the famed Bangkok national museum, which offers tourists an opportunity to view national treasures and unique Thai art pieces with its culture feature dating back as early as the late sixteenth century.1.Thai classical dance is related to ________.A.its living level and educationB.its history and architectural styleC.its customsD.its religious belief2.In Thailand a worker uses the gesture, the wai , to greet________.A.his close friend.B.a young stranger.C.his younger colleagues.D.his young boss.3.What make Thai culture in Bangkok so unique?A.The long history and fine weather of Bangkok.B.The mixture of the modern culture and traditions.C.A number of beautiful Thai Buddhist templesD.Many examples of modern Thai architecture.BAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-programcalled "Clear Plate" on his phone and took a picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence. The credit points can be used to buy gifts, such as books, cellphones and red wine, or to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas.The "Clear Plate" mini-program has become popular among young Chinese. Similar campaigns like an "empty plate challenge" are alsoon the horizonin many Chinese universities."Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste," said Liu Jichen. Founder of the start-up that developed the app. The idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that the restaurant owner would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected. "Everyone who values food is bound to enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu mentioned this case, noting that such an idea could potentially be realized online.He formeda team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to assess whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates. To make the AI system smarter，Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1, 000 others, spent half a year collecting over100,000 samples from canteens and restaurants across the country and analyzed the data. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the start-up to cooperate on the project. Through the digitalized, visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce food waste. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to develop the habit of thrift(节约)," Liu said.4. What does the underlined phrase "on the horizon" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Likely to decrease.B. Likely to succeed.C. Likely to change.D. Likely to appear.5. What caused Liu Jichen to develop the "Clear Plate" app?A. Food waste afterdinner.B. The idea of the restaurant owner.C. Small gifts sent by his friends.D. Charity meals donated to children.6. What was difficult for the project Liu's team worked on?A. Making the AI system smarter.B. Assessing the uploaded photos.C. Collecting samples from canteens and restaurants.D. Encouraging people to develop the habit of thrift.7. What is the text mainly about?A. AI programs becoming popular.B. AI programs appearing in many Chinese universities.C. AI programs encouraging diners toclear their plates.D. AI programs collecting pictures of clearing diners' plates.CIn Colombia a group, named WebConserva, is carrying out a project in the San Lucas Mountains with the help of coffee growers.The San Lucas area is one of the most unexplored places in Colombia, which is home to many thousands of species of animals and plants. Yet gold mining and coca farming have dealt a blow to its ecosystem. To limit additional development in the San Lucas area, the group helps coffee growers by linking them with processors from around the country.Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any other country except neighboring Brazil. In 2016, the Colombian government signed a peace deal with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ending years of civil war. As a result, more land became accessible for use, with deforestation(毁林) coming along. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to around 124,000 hectares in 2015.To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants, which costs about $77,000 dollars a year. WebConserva hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forests. In return, they receive $ 250 to $ 300 per 125 kilograms of coffee,an enviable amount there. Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation(种植园) makes a barrier between cattle farms and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. In this way, he doesn't have to kill wild animals to protect his cattle.Barajas said that pulling down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his will. Now he feels that growing coffee lets him be astewardof the land. "I'm taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals," he said.8. Why does WebConserva set up the project?A. To help local farmers make money.B. To expand areas of coffee growing.C. To link processors with coffee growers.D. To conserve biodiversity in the Mountains.9. What happened after Colombia’s civil war was over?A. Colombia helped many needy families.B. Colombia lost lots of areas of forests.C. Colombia started to save damaged forests.D. Colombia became more peaceful than Brazil.10. Which is probably a function of Barajas's coffee plantation?A. A method of protecting cattle and wildlife.B. A substitute for hunting of wild animals.C. A barrier between man and wild animals.D. A shelter for cattle against human hunters.11. What does the underlined word "steward" mean in the last paragraph?A. Farmer.B. Master.C. Guardian.D. Explorer.DWhen you walk with a backpack, do you know how the things inside move from side to side? Now scientists havefigured out how to tap into that movement to produce electricity.Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed to a backpack frame and stabilized with springs on either side. The pack’s weight is attached to the pendulum, so the pendulum swings side to side as you walk.Then a machine is driven by that swinging movement, and spits out electrical current to charge a battery.Volunteers carried the pack while walking on a running machine and wore masks to measure the flow of O2and CO2. Walking with the slightly swinging 20-pound load, the device (设备) did not significantly affect the volunteers’ metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate compared to when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact, the energy-harvesting pack reduced the forces of acceleration they’d feel in a regular pack, which might mean greater comfort for a long hike. And the device did produce a steady trickle (涓流) of electricity. If you up the load to 45 pounds, the swing of the pack could fully charge a smart phone only after 12 hours. The details are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.The device produces electricity from human movement and has been identified as a workable solution to providing a renewable energy source for portable electronic devices. It is particularly useful for those who work in remote areas, as these people often carry a lot of weight in a backpack for their exploration.But here’s a realconundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five pounds. The researchers say that’s about four pounds too many to be a smart alternative to batteries. So they hope that more research lets them lighten the load, to ensure the pack charges you up without weighing you down.12. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How the device works.B. What the device looks like.C. Who the device is designed for.D. Why scientists designed the device.13. Which of the following describes the device?A. It greatly affected the volunteers metabolic rate.B. It harvested energy as the volunteers walk.C. It failed to produce steady electricity.D. It was useless for a long walk.14. What does the underlined word “conundrum” in the last paragraph mean?A. Problem.B. Method.C. Bond.D. Decision.15. What will the researchers try to do next?A. Increase the charging speed of their device.B. Find smarter alternatives to batteries.C. Reduce the weight of their device.D. Put their device on the market.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市上海中学高三英语三模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AKate Humble: Books that changed my lifeKate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.Winnie the Poohby A A MilneMy father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.Last Chance to Seeby Douglas Adams and Mark CarwardineThis book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalaceby Paul TherouxI've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?A. To indicate the book has realistic values.B. To show how adorable the characters are.C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?A. Curiosity.B. Responsibility.C. Exploration.D. Devotion.3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?A. A A Milne.B. Douglas Adams.C. Mark Carwardine.D. Paul Theroux.BBabies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reachtwo,according to new research.In the study, researchers looked at 11-and 12-month-od babies' vocalisations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the universityThe scientists then used statistical models to find that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregiver's face when they were about a year old.The benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.The statistics showed that at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words."The message of this paper is thatitis the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and talking to them about it will support their language development." said McGillion, a co-author of the work."The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any part of your day.It's not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing the laundry,for example—when you're taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any context,"added McGillion."This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progressthrough the second year of life to see what's happening there,"said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.4. How did the researchers get the findings?A. By interacting with babies.B. By asking babies to vocalize.C. By analyzing relevant recordings.D. By referring to the previous statistics.5. What does he underlined word "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Infants' eye contact.B. Infants' larger vocabulary.C. The response from caregivers.D. The best predictor of vocabulary.6. What did McGilion say about infants' interactive behaviour?A. I's easy to perform.B. It's complex to understand.C. It's difficult to copy.D. It's interesting to video.7. What might further studies be on?A. Children's academic progress.B. Children's growing environment.C. Children's potential physical development.D. Children's behaviours across more age ranges.CSome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe.I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation system？It seemed impossible, and with considerable regret. Suddenly a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad moments. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even advancedbookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, along with the different, is almost scary by definition. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can accomplish wonders.8. The author accepted the assignment because_________.A. he had never travelled abroad beforeB. he hardly knew any foreign languagesC. he was familiar with any other country in EuropeD. he would learn something new and different by trying9. Which of the following statements is TRUE？A. The author had been abroad only twice.B. The author thought the trip was hard but worthwhile.C. The author admitted that anything different was terrible.D. The author must be good at doing research and making interviews.10. We can infer from the text that the author is_______.A. awkwardB. generousC. stubbornD. brave11. What's the best title of the text？A. An Interesting Trip AbroadB. My First Writing AssignmentC. Ready to Try and ChallengeD. How to Be Daring and Brave.DWhat do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop musicscene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forgetthe video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.12. What is the text mainly about?A. The characters of 80s pop music.B. What made 80s pop music popular.C. 80s pop music’s steps to popularity.D. The effects of 80s pop music.13. 80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.A. guitar-based musicB. the MTVC. rap musicD. punk rock14. Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.A. it changed the lives of peopleB. he sang it in a special styleC. it was made into a music videoD. it left people with happy memories15. The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.A. 80s pop music is and will remain popularB. 80s pop music has many faultsC. 80s pop music is now out of dateD. we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80s第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。