北外基础英语98-06

北京外国语大学考研基础英语真题2009年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)ⅠAThe Perils of EfficiencyThis spring, disaster loomed in the global food market. Precipitous increases in the prices of staples like rice (up more than a hundred and fifty percent in a few months) and maize provoked food riots, toppled governments, and threatened the lives of tens of millions. But the bursting of the commodity bubble eased those pressures, and food prices, while still high, have come well off the astronomical levels they hit in April. For American, the drop in commodity prices has put a few more bucks in people"s pockets; in much of the developing world, it may have saved many from actually starving. So did the global financial crisis solve the global food crisis? Temporarily, perhaps. But the recent price drop doesn"t provide any long-term respite from the threat food shortages or future price spikes. Nor has it reassured anyone about the health of the global agricultural system, which the crisis revealed as dangerously unstable. Four decades after the Green Revolution, and after waves of market reforms intended to transform agricultural production, we"re still having a hard time insuring that people simply get enough to eat, and we seen to be vulnerable to supply shocks than ever.It wasn"t supposed to be this way. Over the past two decades, countries around the world have moved away from their focus on "food security" and handed market forces a greater role in shaping agricultural policy. Before the nineteen-eighties, developing countries had so-called "agricultural marketing boards", which would buy commodities from farmers at fixed prices (prices high enough to keep farmers farming), and then store them in strategic reserves that could be used in the event of bad harvests or soaring import prices. But in the eighties and nineties, often as part of structural-adjustment programs imposed by the I.M.F. or the World Bank, many marketing boards were eliminated or cut back, and grain reserves, deemed inefficient and unnecessary, were sold off. In the same way, structural-adjustment programs often did away with government investment in and subsidies to agriculture—most notably, subsidies for things like fertilizers and high-yield seeds.The logic behind these reforms was simple: the market would allocate resources more efficiently than government, leading to greater productivity. Farmers, instead of growing subsidized maize and wheat at high cost, could concentrate on cash crops, like cashews and chocolate, and use the money they made to buy staple foods. If a country couldn"t compete in the global economy, production would migrate to countries that could. It was also assumed that, once governments stepped out of the way, private investment would flood into agriculture, boosting performance. And international aid seemed a more efficient way of relieving food crises than relying on countries to maintain surpluses and food- security programs, which are wasteful and costly.This "marketization" of agriculture has not, to be sure, been fully carried through. Subsidies are still endemic in rich countries and poor, while developing countries often place tariffs on imported food, which benefit their farmers but drive up prices for consumers. And in extreme circumstance countries restrict exports, hoarding food for their own citizens. Nonetheless, we clearly have a leaner, more market-friendly agriculture system than before. It looks, in fact, a bit like global manufacturing, with low inventories (wheat stocks are at their lowest since 1977), concentrated production (three countries provide ninety percent of corn exports, and five countries provide eighty percent of rice exports,) and fewer redundancies. Governments have amuch smaller role, and public spending on agriculture has been cut sharply.The problem is that, while this system is undeniably more efficient, it"s also much more fragile. Bad weather in just a few countries can wreak havoc across the entire system. When prices spike as they did this spring, the result is food shortages and malnutrition in poorer countries, since they are far more dependent on imports and have few food reserves to draw on. And, while higher prices and market reforms were supposed to bring a boom in agricultural productivity, global crop yields actually rose less between 1990 and 2007 than they did in the previous twenty years, in part because in many developing countries private-sector agricultural investment never materialized, while the cutbacks in government spending left them with feeble infrastructures. These changes did not cause the rising prices of the past couple of years, but they have made them more damaging. The old emphasis on food security was undoubtedly costly, and often wasteful. But the redundancies it created also had tremendous value when things went wrong. And one sure thing about a system as complex as agriculture is that things will go wrong, often with devastating consequences. If the just-in-time system for producing cars runs into a hitch and the supply of cars shrinks for a while, people can easily adapt. When the same happens with food, people go hungry or even starve. That doesn"t mean that we need to embrace price controls or collective farms, and there are sensible market reforms, like doing away with import tariffs, that would make developing-country consumers better off. But a few weeks ago Bill Clinton, no enemy of market reform, got it right when he said that we should help countries achieve "maximum agricultural self-sufficiency". Instead of a more efficient system. We should be trying to build a more reliable one.（分数：18.00）(1).What can be learned from the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Global financial crisis destabilized governments.B.Food riots resulted from skyrocketing food bills.C.Financial crisis worsened food crisis.D.Food prices surged by 150% in April.(2).The food crisis revealed the global agricultural system as ______.（分数：3.00）A.fragileB.unresponsiveC.costlyD.unbearable(3).According to the third paragraph, structural-adjustment programs ______.（分数：3.00）A.were designed to cope with poor harvestsB.were introduced as part of "market forces" policiesC.removed price controls and state subsidiesD.encouraged countries to focus on food security(4).The marketization of agriculture probably means ______.（分数：3.00）A.private investment floods into agricultureB.market forces provide efficiency to agricultureC.agricultural policy works with the free market systemD.agricultural production is free from government intervention(5).Which of the following is NOT a feature of the existing agricultural system?（分数：3.00）A.Reduced government spending.B.Concentrated production.C.Self-sufficiency.D.Low wheat stocks.(6).In the last paragraph, the underlined words "the redundancies" probably refer to ______.（分数：3.00）A.high-yield seedsB.grain reservesC.cash cropsD.corn importsMinding the Inequality GapDuring the first 70 years of the 20th century, inequality declined and Americans prospered together. Over the last 30 years, by contrast, the United States developed the most unequal distribution of income and wages of any high-income country.Some analysts see the gulf between the rich and the rest as an incentive for strivers, or as just the way things are. Others see it as having a corrosive effect on people"s faith in the markets and democracy. Still others contend that economic polarization is a root cause of America"s political polarization. Could, and should, something be done?Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, two Harvard economists, think yes. Their book, The Race Between Education and Technology (Harvard, $39.95), contain many tables, a few equations and a powerfully told story about how and why the United States became the world"s richest nation — namely, thanks to its schools.The authors skillfully demonstrate that for more than a century, and at a steady rate, technological breakthroughs—the mass production system, electricity, computers—have been increasing the demand for ever more educated workers. And, they show, America"s school system met this demand, not with a national policy, but in grassroots fashion, as communities taxed themselves and built schools and colleges.Beginning in the 1970s, however, the education system failed to keep pace, resulting, Ms. Goldin and Mr. Katz contend, in a sharply unequal nation.The authors allow that a decline in union membership and in the inflation-adjusted minimum wage also contributed to the shift in who partook of a growing pie. But they rule the usual suspects — globalization (trade) and high immigration—as significant causes of rising inequality. Amid the current calls to restrict executive compensation, their policy prescription is to have more Americans graduate from college.If only it were that easy.The authors" argument is really two books in one. One offers an incisive history of American education, especially the spread of the public high School and the state university system. It proves to be an uplifting tale of public commitment and open access. The authors remind us that the United States long remained "the best poor man"s country". A place where talent could rise. The other story rigorously measures the impact of education on income. The authors" compilation of hard data on educational attainment according to when people were born is an awesome achievement, though not always a gripping read.They show that by the 1850s, America"s school enrollment rate already "exceeded that of any other nation". And this lead held for a long time. By 1960, some 70 percent of Americans graduated from high school—far above the rate in any other country. College graduation rates also rose appreciably.In the marketplace, such educational attainment was extremely valuable, but it didn"t produce wide economic disparity so long as more people were coming to the job market with education. The wage premium—or differential paid to people with a high school or a college education—fell between 1915 and 1950.But more recently, high school graduation rates flatlined at around 70 percent. American college attendance roses, though college graduation rates languished. The upshot is that while the average college graduates in 1970 earned 45 percent more than high school graduates, the differential three decades later exceeds 80 percent."In the first half of the century," the authors summarize, "education raced ahead of technology,but later in the century technology raced ahead of educational gains."Proving that the demand for and supply of educated workers began not in the time of Bill Gates but in the era of Thomas Edison is virtuoso social science. But wasn"t a slowdown in rising educational attainment unavoidable? After all, it"s one thing to increase the average years of schooling by leaps and bounds when most people start near zero, but quite another when national average is already high.The authors reject the idea that the United States has reached some natural limit in educational advances. Other countries are now at higher levels.What, then, is holding American youth back?The authors give a two-part answer. For one thing, the financial aid system is a maze. More important, many people with high school diplomas are not ready for college.The second problem, the authors write, is concentrated mostly in inner-city schools. Because the poor cannot easily move to better school districts, the authors allow that charter schools as well as vouchers, including those for private school, could be helpful, but more evaluation is necessary.Data on the effects of preschool are plentiful, and point to large returns on investment, so the authors join the chorus in extolling Head Start, the federal government"s largest preschool program.Providing more children with a crucial start, along with easier ways to find financial aid, are laudable national objectives. One suspects, though, that the obstacles to getting more young people into and through college have to do with knotty social and cultural issues.But assume that the author"s policies would raise the national college graduation rate. Would that deeply reduce inequality?Averages can be deceptive. Most of the gains of the recent flush decades have not gone to the college-educated as a whole. The top 10 or 20 percent by income have education levels roughly equivalent to those in the top 1 percent, but the latter account for much of the boom in inequality. This appears to be related to the way taxed have been cut, and to the ballooning of the financial industry"s share of corporate profits.It remains to be seen how a reconfigured financial industry and possible new tax policies might affect the 30-year trend toward greater inequality.In the meantime, it is nice to be reminded, in a data-rich book, that greater investments in human capital once put Americans collectively on top of the world.（分数：18.00）(1).when can be learned from the book entitled The Race Between Education and Technology ?（分数：3.00）A.The wage movements in the U.S. are dominated by swings in the demand for education-related skills.B.The American educational system is what made American the richest nation in the world.C.Technology raced ahead of education in the first half of the 20th century.D.American high school graduation rates leveled off at 80 percent in 1970.(2).Which of the following is considered a significant cause of rising inequality according to Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz?（分数：3.00）A.High immigration rates.B.Increased executive compensation.C.Reduced union rates.D.Stagnate college graduation rates.(3).What does the underlined word " laudable " mean?（分数：3.00）A.Reasonable.B.Achievable.C.Deserving praise.D.Worth trying.(4).Which of the following led to the slowdown in American educational advances in the last three decades of the 20th century?（分数：3.00）A.No easy access to financial aid.B.Overemphasis on preschool programs.C.A dramatic fall college enrollment rates.D.A rise in the number of poor school districts.(5).What does the author think of the book entitled The Race Between Education and Technology ?（分数：3.00）A.It is a research on human capital.B.It is intended for economists.C.It is a happy fireside read.D.It is rich in data.(6).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The demand for educated workers began in the era of IT.B.The pace of technological change has not been steady.C.America is not educating its citizens the way it used to.D.High school graduation rates peaked in the U.S. in 1950.BGeneration What?Welcome to the socio-literary parlor game of "Name That Generation."It all began in a quotation Ernest Hemingway attributed to his Paris patron, the poet and saloonkeeper Gertrude Stein. On the title page of his novel The Sun Also Rises, published in 1926, he quoted her saying to her circle of creatively disaffected writers, artists and intellectuals in the aftermath of World War I, "You are all a lost generation."In the cultural nomenclature after that, the noun generation was applied to those "coming of age" in an era. Anne Soukhanov, U.S. editor of the excellent Encarta dictionary, observes, "Young people"s attitudes, behavior and contributions, while being shaped by the ethos of, and major events during, their time, came in turn to represent the tenor of the time."Taking that complex sense of generation as insightful, we can focus on its modifier as the decisive word in the phrases built upon it. The group after the lost generation did not find its adjective until long after its youthful members turned gray. Belatedly given a title in a 1998 book by Tom Brokaw, the Greatest Generation (which had previously been called the G.I. Generation) defined "those American men and women who came of age in the Great Depression, served at home and abroad during World War Ⅱ and then built the nation we have today."That period, remembered as one characterized by gallantry and sacrifice, was followed by another time that was described in a sharply critical sobriquet: in 1951, people in their 20s were put down as the Silent Generation. That adjective was chosen, according to Neil Howe, author of the 1991 book Generations, because of "how quiescent they were during the McCarthy era.., they were famously risk-averse." The historian William Manchester castigated the tenor of youth in that era as "withdrawn, cautious, unimaginative, indifferent, unadventurous and silent." Overlapping that pejorative label time was the Beat Generation, so named by the writer Jack Kerouac in the "50s. Though the author later claimed his word was rooted in religious Beatitudes, it was described by a Times writer as "more than mere weariness, it implies the feeling of having been used, of being raw.., a sort of nakedness of mind."Now we"re up to the "70s, dubbed by Tom Wolfe in New York magazine in 1976 as the "me decade". That coinage led to the general castigation of young adults by their elders in that indulgent era as the Me Generation, preoccupied with material gain and "obsessed with self". It was notso silent, far from beat, but still, in its own grasping way, a generation lost.Then came the title denoting mystery of the demographically huge generation born from roughly 1946 to 1964—begun as the Baby-Boom Generation, but in its later years its younger members took on a separate identity: Generation X. That is the title of a 1991 book by Douglas Coupland; "It is an identity-hiding label," the generationist Howe tells my researcher Caitlin Wall, "of what is the generation with probably the weakest middle class of any of the other generation born in the 20th century." While most boomers proudly asserted their generational identity, "Xers" at first did not; now, however, most feel more comfortable with the label. It has been followed by Y and Z, but those are too obviously derivative, and the Millennial Generation—if narrowly defined as those beginning to come of age since 2000—has members still knee pants.THE JOSHUA GENERATIONU.S. presidents like to identify themselves with the zeitgeist inspiriting their electorate. "This generation of Americans." F.D.R. told the 1936 Democratic convention, "has a rendezvous with destiny," the final three words later evoked by both Lyndon Johnson and Ronald Reagan. John F. Kennedy, in his 1961 inaugural address, said, "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage." Speaking in March 2007 mat a chapel in Selma, Ala., in commemoration of a bloody march for voting rights, Senator Barack Obama put forward a name for a new generation of African-Americans. After acknowledging "a certain presumptuousness" in running for president after such a short time in Washington, Obama credited the Rev. Otis Moss Jr. for writing him "to look at the Story of Joshua because you"re part of the Joshua generation".He noted that the "Moses generation" had led his people out of bondage but was not permitted by God to cross the river from the wilderness to the Promised Land. In the Hebrew Bible, it was Joshua, chosen by Moses to be his successor, who led the people across, won the battle of Jericho and established the nation. "It was left to the Joshuas to finish the journey Moses had begun," Obama said to the youthful successors to the aging leaders of the civil rights movements, "and today we"re called to be the Joshua of our time, to be the generation that finds our way across the river."Though the spirit of an age is best defined in retrospect, and religious allusion is not currently considered cool, the Joshua Generation—unlike all its era-naming predecessors—does have alliteration going for it.（分数：10.00）(1).The Greatest Generation is also referred to as "The Veterans".（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).William Manchester didn"t think highly of the Silent Generation.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).The Beat Generation is characterized as being obsessed with material gain.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The Generation X follows the Baby-Boom Generation while the Generation Y precedes the Millennial Generation.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).The Moses Generation refers to American leaders who fought for never saw the "Promised land" of racial equality.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误CTV Can Be Good for YouTelevision wastes time, pollutes minds, destroys brain cells, and turns some viewers into murderers. 1 . But television has at least one strong virtue, too, which helps to explain its endurance as a cultural force. In an era when people often have little time to speak with one another, television provides replacement voices that ease loneliness, spark healthful laughter, and even educate young children.Most people who have lived alone understand the curse of silence, when the only sound is the buzzof unhappiness or anxiety inside one"s own head. Although people of all ages who live alone can experience intense loneliness, the elderly are especially vulnerable to solitude. For example, they may suffer increased confusion or depression when left alone for long periods but then rebound when they have steady companionship.A study of elderly men and women in New Zealand found that television can actually serve as a companion by assuming "the role of social contact with the wider world", reducing "feeling of isolation and loneliness because it directs viewers" attention away from themselves". 2 .The absence of real voices can be most damaging when it means a lack of laughter.3 . Laughter is one of the most powerful calming forces available to human beings, proven in many Studies to reduce heart rate, lower blood pressure, and ease other stress-related ailments. Television offers plenty of laughter for all kinds of viewers: the recent listing for a single Friday night included more than twenty comedy programs running on the networks and on basic cable between 6 pm and 9 pm.A study reported in a health magazine found that laughter inspired by television and video is as healthful as the laughter generated by live comedy. Volunteers laughing at a video comedy routine "showed significant improvements in several immune functions, such as natural killer-cell activity". 4 . Even for people with plenty of companionship, television"s replacement voices can have healthful effects by causing laughter.Television also provides information about the world. This service can be helpful to everyone but especially to children, whose natural curiosity can exhaust the knowledge and patience of their parents and caretakers. 5 . For example, educational programs such as those on the Discovery Channel, the Disney Channel, and PBS offer a steady stream of information at various cognitive levels. Even many cartoons, which are generally dismissed as mindless or worse, familiarize children with the material of literature, including strong characters enacting classic narratives. Two researchers studying children and television found that TV is a source of creative and psychological instruction, inspiring children "to play imaginatively and develop confidence and skills". Instead of passively watching, children "interact with the programs and videos" and "sometimes include the fictional characters they"ve met into reality"s play time". 6 .The value of these replacement voices should not be oversold. For one thing, almost everyone agrees that too much TV does no one any good and may cause much harm. Many studies show that excessive TV watching increases violent behavior, especially in children, and can cause, rather than ease, other antisocial behaviors and depression. 7 . Steven Pinker, an expert in children"s language acquisition, warns that children cannot develop language properly by watching television. They need to interact with actual speakers who respond directly to their specific needs. Replacement voices are not real voices and in the end do only limited good.But even limited good is something, especially for those who are lonely, angry, or neglected. Television is not an entirely positive force, but neither is it an entirely negative one. Its voices stand by to provide company, laughter, and information whenever they"re needed.A. In addition, human being require the give-and-take of actual interaction.B. While the TV may be baby-sitting children, it can also enrich them.C. Thus runs the prevailing talk about the medium, supported by serious research as well as simplebelief.D. Here, too, research shows that television can have a positive effect on health.E. Thus television"s replacement voices both inform young viewers and encourage exchange.F. Television can be a positive practical training ground for moral growth in a changing world.G. Thus television"s replacement voices can provide comfort because they distract from a focus on being alone.H. Further, the effects of the comedy were so profound that "merely anticipating watching a funny video improved mood, depression, and anger as much as two days beforehand."（分数：14.00）ⅡTechnology and Intellectual Property: Problems and SolutionsAccess to low-carbon technologies in the developing world does not mean doing away with Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). This has been the most emotive and appears the thorniest of issues. It should not be. 1 . The concerns of the developing world are principally about whether they will have access to technologies at fair or affordable prices, which are being pressed on them by the developed countries. The perceived issue may be hypothetical in many situations. Having no IPRs, or compulsory licensing—with the consequent risk of free-riding—is not the solution.2 . For most technologies, patents are not filed in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), because the small potential markets do not justify the cost of obtaining patents there . In such cases domestic companies are free to use the invention in that country, but not for expect to a country where there is patent protection. Therefore, LPRs are unlikely to be inhibiting within these LDCs. If LDC manufacturers are permitted—through compulsory licensing—to manufacture for sale in a country where there is patent protection (for commercial reasons), then it will damage the incentive structure that IPRs create and should not easily be permitted.3 . Companies generally sell at differentially low prices in the LDCs provided that there is no leakage of these products back into their main markets, where they will sell at higher prices . The World Trade Organisation"s 2001 Doha Declaration provided for this in the case of pharmaceuticals. Some countries, such as Japan, would need to change their laws and regulations to prevent such trade.If there are relevant IPRs which do inhibit otherwise legitimate take-up in the developing countries, there are several solutions:·If the IPRs are publicly held, local LDC companies could receive a geographically limited license, at preferential or zero cost. 4 . This would not significantly damage the broader objective of promoting investment by the private sector in low-carbon technologies and products for use in countries where they will have a bigger carbon-reduction impact on reducing global carbon emissions.·If the IPRs are privately held, there are several solutions: their use can be paid for or subsidised by governments; they can be paid for subsidised by charities.Compulsory licensing is also possible. Compulsory licensing is permitted in most countries (except the US) as an exceptional measure in cases of abuse of monopoly or a national emergency, to limit the ability of an IPR owner to stop others from using the IPRs. Its use is constrained by WTO agreement and is intended to be used as a policy of last resort. A reasonable royalty must be paid to the IPR owner. So compulsory licensing is not a low- or zero-cost option. Compulsory licensing is permitted in Europe but there are no recorded examples of its use. 5 . It is generally regarded as a "nuclear option" by both governments and business, which will come an agreement without its use being invoked.（分数：40.00）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。

2015中国人民大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、选择（50分）1、东汉（）写了《两都赋》（班固）2、不属于唐朝笔记小说的是（世说新语）3、考察《忏悔录》的作者（卢梭）4、题干中给出几条信息：1936年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，美国戏剧家，四次普利策奖获得者（欧金.奥尼尔）5、中国最早论及性格的著作是三国刘邵的（《人物志》）6、（伏契克）的长篇特写《绞刑架下的报告》在监狱中秘密完成7、因之因非，因非因之，所非皆是，方生方死，方死方生，虽死犹生选自庄子的哪部著作（选项有逍遥游齐物论养生主另外一个不记得了答案是齐物论）8、社会学中“镜中我”的结论表明什么（他人对自己的评价、态度等等，是反映自我的一面“镜子）9、谁翻译了《铁流》，并被鲁迅赞为“一声不响不断译”（曹靖华）10、1911年（）杂志首先提出了‘表现主义“（《狂飙》）11、美国文学之父是（选项里有杰克伦敦、马克吐温、欧文，答案是欧文）12、大方无隅，大器晚成，大音希声，大象无形出自哪部著作（《老子》）13、布莱希特领导的柏林剧团改编了中国哪一部戏剧（此题目在网上未找到明确答案）14、（布鲁诺）继承了哥白尼的日心说，被烧死15、哪位女作家获得1993年诺贝尔文学奖（莫里森）16、别林斯基关于艺术的著名论断是（艺术是形象思维）17、我思故我在是（笛卡尔）的名言18、2014apec的主题是（共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系）19、12生肖中羊是第几位（数数看）20、追忆似水年华属于（意识流）小说21、考察藏族的一部哲理格言集，作者萨班·贡噶坚赞（萨迦格言）22、中国第一部笑话集《笑林》23、詹姆斯琼斯《细细的红线》书名取自英国作家（）的诗句“战鼓一敲响，变作一根英雄们做成的细细的红线“（吉普林）24、萨特代表作（《恶心》）25、中国少数民族三部史诗，其中藏族的是《格萨尔王》二、应用文写作假如你是中国人民大学外国语学院翻译硕士研究生，明年7月毕业，现要求写一封申请工作信件，要求符合信函写作风格，450字以内三、大作文假定场景：一架待起飞的飞机上，经济舱：有人玩手机游戏，有人聊天；商务舱，有人在用电脑工作；头等舱，有人带着耳机看书，有人闭目养神思考，价值与位置，写一遍议论文，800字以上招生人数：2016年我校外国语学院拟招收翻译硕士专业学位全日制研究生20人，其中英语口译方向8人，英语笔译方向12人。

2022年北京外国语大学611英语基础测试考研真题和答案2022年北京外国语大学《611英语基础测试》考研全套内容简介•北京外国语大学《611英语基础测试（技能）》历年考研真题及详解•全国名校基础英语考研真题详解说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，提供了答案及详解，并对常考知识点进行了归纳整理。

此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。

2．教材教辅•2022年考研基础英语专用教材•2022年基础英语考研题库说明：以上为基础英语科目配套的辅导资料。

英语基础测试（技能）考查的知识点与基础英语基本一致。

•试看部分内容2000年北京外国语大学611基础英语考研真题及详解I. Reading Comprehension.(32分)1. Re ad th e f o l lo wi n g arti cl e an d p arap h r ase th e u n de rlined parts:Th e twe n ty-f i r st ce n tu r y wi l l m ar k th e e r a o f te r ti a ry an d l i f e l o n g l e a rn i n g f o r e v e r y b o dy-o r al m o s t e ve r yb o dy. Th u s the We st Re p o rt f ro m Au stral i a,e cho in g a ke y t h e m e o f th e i m m e di a te l y p r e c e di n g D e a r i n g Re p o rt i n th e U K①(Nati o n al C o m mi tte e o f In qu i ry into Hi gh er Education [NCIHE], 1997).Th e n o ti o n o f l if e l o n g l e arn i n g h as p e r v ade d h i gh e r e ducation aroun d the world as gove rnmen ts h ave incre a si n gl y co m e to re co gn i ze a l i n k b e twe e n th e i r e du ca ti on sy ste ms an d nation al e con o mic p erf ormance. Ho we v er, poli cy rel ati ng to the actu al makin g of the lin k ne e ds de e pe r consi de ratio n. Th e de ve lo p me n t o f ke y ski l ls’has been seen in the UK as an important way in wh i ch hi ghe r e du cati on can contri b u te to e co no mi c de ve l o pm e n t, b u t i t can b e argu e d th at to fo cu s o n th ese ski l l s re pre se n ts a n arro w an d i n su f f i ci e n t resp o n se to wh a t e m p l o y e r s-an d th e wi de r i n te r e s t-re al l y n e e d (see Stephenso n’s [1998] argument for a ‘capability’appro ach to h igh e r e du cati o n an d, m o re b ro adl y, th e di scu ssio n i n part 2o f B arn e tt [1994].Howe ver th e c o n te s te d n a tu re o f th i s asp e c t o f h i gh e r e du ca ti o n m i gh t be re so l ve d, cu rre n t di scu s si o n s h ave l e f t re l ati ve l y u n ex plo re d the b ro ade r im plicati o n s fo r cu rricu l a②a nd, in particular, for fist-cy cle provi sion.In e a rl i e r ti m e s m an y to o k th e vi e w th a t a f i r st de gre e③ was a suffi ci ent basis for lifetime career. Th e accel erating pace of knowl edge de velopmen t h as u ndermine d th i s co n ce ptio n, an d i n cre asin g atte n ti o n i s n o w b e i n g gi ven to the p ro vi sio n of high e r degre e p rogram s an d o th e r o ppo rtun i tie s fo r p ro fe ssio n al de velo pme n t. Th i s rai se s a se ri o u s qu e sti o n: wh at f u n cti o n do e s th e first degree se rve in the context of lifelong learning? Logically, it makes no sense in today’s world to try t o pa c k f i rs t de gre e cu r ri cu l a wi t h al l th e kn o wl e dge, unde rstan din g and skill s n ee d f or the re st of a life tim e.T h e r e s i m p l y i s n o t t h e t i m e a v a i l a b l e,a n d a n y w a y cu rri cu lum-p acki ng run s th e ri sk o f su pe rf i ci al ity o f le ar n i n g.④ Af i r s t deg re e sh o u l d,i f th e y h av e n o t al re ady acqu i re d i t, de ve l o p i n stu de n ts th e ab i l i ty to le a rn how to le arn, as well as en han ce thei r subj ect-spe c i f i c e x p e rti se an d o th e r re l e van t s ki l l s. Th e o l d sayi n g i s v al i d h e re: gi vi n g i n d i vi du a l s e ach a f i sh m i gh t f e ed them for a day, bu t te achin g them the skill s o f fis hing could feed them for life.There is a need to think of the first de gree in terms of the quality, rather th an the quantity, of stu dents’learning, In today’s world the first degree becomes m ore of a foundation qualifi catio n, upon which gradu ate s will expect to build during their lives. Some might r eact b y sayin g that to make su ch a sh ift im pli es a dil u ti o n o f ac ade m i c s tan da rd s—bu t th e co u n te r i s th a t stan dards re l ate p rim aril y to th e qu ali ty, an d n ot the quan tity, of stu dents’le arnin g.⑤The re cons trued first de gre e n e e d be n o in te ll e ctu al p o o r rel ati o n: acade m i c ri go u r c an be b u i l t i n to cu r ri cu l a o f wi de l y di f f e ri n g f o cu s. Th e s t an d ar d s m ay we l l b e di f f e re n t, bu t th e y do have to be inferior.S o me re du ctio n i n th e vol u me o f di sci p li n e-speci f i c co nten t will re qui re an adjustmen t of thought⑥—i n particu l ar, o n th e p ar t o f e m pl o y e r s an d p ro f e s si o n al b o di e s. The pro fe ssi on al accre di tati on of som e f irst de gree program s is se en by some as an essen tial con dition. Ho we ve r, t h e re se e m s n o n e ce s s ar y re a so n f o r th i s to be the case-an d it might well be to the profe ssion s’longer-te rm advan tage if fi rst degree cu rri cul a were t o pay p arti cul ar atte n ti on to de ve l opin g in gradu ate s th e abili ty to le arn to le arn,⑦ l eavin g su bse que nt p rof essional and de velopmental acti v itie s to provide the ‘t opping-up’that would cohere with the profe ssional b odies’expectations.A strategi c visio n for highe r educatio n in the next mil lennium requires more th an a m utte ring o f the man tra o f l if el on g le arn i ng. M aki ng l ife l on g le arni n g ‘wo rk de m an ds a su st ai n e d co m mi tm en t to f i tti n g to ge th e r t he pieces of th e multidimen sio nal jigsaw who se compo n e n ts i n cl u de edu cati o n al pu rp o se s, v al u e s an d p racti c alitie s. Academi cs are among th e people who ought to relish this jigsaw’s challenge.Whippi er-sn app e r: an in sign ificant, e sp. yo ung, person who appears impertinent.【答案】①re pe ati n g th e m ai n su bj e ct of re ce n t De ari ng Re po rt in the UK②Di s cu s si o n o f th e p re se n t ti m e pay s n o a tte n ti o n to th e e x ami n ati on o f th e de e p e r i m pli e d me an i ng an d f u n cti o n o f co u rse s, n o m at te r h o w p e o p l e h a ve de al t with the probl em that higher education serve s as skil l training.③bachelor’s degree④To o m an y co urse s m ay le ad to th e re sul t th at stu de n ts o n l y ge t th e su rf ace m e an in g o f stu di e s in ste ad of exploring deep.⑤th e argu men t is th at stan dards sho ul d rathe r base o n the excellency of students’l earning than on the qu antity of course s they have attended to⑥Pe o ple ne e d to adju st the i r th ou gh t to de crease th e amount and content of courses.⑦i f co u r se s w e r e de s i gn e d t o t e a ch t h e g r a du a te s h o w to l e arn du rin g th e bach el o r’s de gre e stu dy, i t wo u l d be h el p fu l to th e pro f e ssion s f ro m th e lo ng-te rm perspe cti veII. Re ad th e fo l lowin g passage an d an swe r the foll owi ng questions:(28分)W h e n th at Gran d o l d M an of Vi cto ri an, W i l l i am Evart Gl a d sto n e, w as i n h i s 85t h y e a r,h e was ste e ri n g th e s econd home-rul e bill foe Irel an d throu gh a re calci tran t parl iamen t an d going home to tran sl ate th e odes of Ho race at ni gh t, When Ron al d Re agan re ache d the ten de r age of 73, he was f igh tin g his se cond p re si den ti al election campaign. Alan Green span, the world’s most su cce ssf ul cen tral ban ke r, i s al so 73. Poli tics an d e co n o m i c s a re pl ai n l y j o bs th at th e o l d can do w e l l. Th e y are not alone. The boardroom s of the world’s big c o m p an i e s a re f u l l o f n o n-e x e cu ti ve s age s, te l l i n g wh i p persn apper 40-somethings how to run their firms.①Why, then, are so few of the rich world’s older folk i n e mplo y m en t? Th e y l i ve lo n ge r an d e n jo y b ette r h e a l th th an th ei r pare n ts di d. Mo st j o b s h ave be co me le s s phy sically de manding; mo st people in late middle ag e a re w e l l se n si bl y, i s n o h a r d e r th an t r ai n i n g th e yo u n g. B u t th e f i gu re s sh o w an1960, m e n co u l d e x p e ct to spend 50 of their 68 years of life in paid work. T oday, the y are l i kel y to wo rk fo r o nl y 38 of th ei r 76 years. Fewer tha n two-thi rds of men in their late 50a and early 60s ate in the rich world’s labour f orce, bythe time the y celebrate thei r 55t h bi rth day, m ore th an h al f of Eu ro pe’s m e n h ave g o n e h om e to tran sl ate Horace.②For most, that is something to celebrate. Ne ver be fore have so m an y people been abl e to loo k forward to s o m an y y e a r s o f h e al th y l e i su r e. T wo-th i r ds o f p e o p l e say th at the y l ike b eing re tire d an d have no desire t o go back to work. There are grandchildren to enjoy, forei gn coun trie s to vi si t, boo ks to re ad and golf gam e s to pl a y.Th e p l e a su re s o f o l d age l e s s e x p e n si ve, a nd more widely available, th an ever before.③Silver-hai red liningThe bi g que sti o n is whe the r all of this reti rem ent i s v oluntary. It is worth askin g for its own sake; in a libe ral socie ty, the old, too, should be free to cho ose. Bu t, in addi tion, the stampe de to re tire has con sequen ce s n o t m e re l y f o r th e o l d th e m s e l v e s. An d i t i s o f te n being encourage d by perverse public policy.W i de spre ad an d e arl y re ti rem ent wi ll in cre asi n gl y aff e c t the lives of everyone else, for two reasons. The first i s a f am i l i ar on e: as th e sh are o f o l d f o l k in th e p o pu l ati o n ri se s, so wi ll th e bu rde n on th e yo ung o f p ayin g fo r thei r pension s and he alth care. Th e se con d is less discu ssed: the ri se of the grey-he aded l e isu red c lass h as con sequence s for e con omic growth, be cau se o f its impact on the supply of labour and of capital. Many go ve rnme nts, thei r eye s focuse d on the impact t h at f u tu re pen sio n s cl ai m s wi l l h ave o n p u bl i c f i n an ce s, h ave e m ba rke d o n re f o rm s bu t n o t al ways r e f o rm s th at fi ve pe nsio ners a free r ch oice.For the ir e ye s are al so trai n e d i n th e sh o rte r te r m, o n hi gh un em p l o ym e nt.④Go vernmen ts, e speci al ly in weste rn Euro pe, are p r essin g mo re pe ople to re ti re e arly, on the mi staken vi ew that thi s wil l provi de jobs f or the young, even as they try to trim pensioners’entitlements in order to re du ce th e bu rde n on pu b li c fin an ce s. Th i s i s u nf o rgi v ab l e f ro m a l i be ral p o i n t o f vi e w. I t i s al so f o o l i sh f r om the perspective of public policy.The she er si ze of the baby-boo m gene ration th at start s to te ach re ti re me n t age o ve r th e co min g decade m e ans th at there will be a simple, but huge imbalan ce: t oo few people in work, paying taxe s and pen si on cont ri bu ti o n s; to o m an y i n re ti re m e n t, drawi n g o n p e n si o n s an d ru n n i n g u p h e al th co sts.In th at case, t h e m ai na l t e r n a t i v e s w i l lb e t o r e n e ge o n t h e p e n s i o n s t h a t wo rke rs tho u gh t th e y h ad bee n pro mi se d, o r to rai se t a x e s.I t w o u l d b e f a r b e t t e r f o r t h e h e a l t h o f ec o n o mie s if m u ch ol de r peo pl e wen t on workin g i n ste ad.Q u i te sm al l r i se s i n th e age s at wh i ch p e o p l e re ti re h a ve l arge effe cts.⑤As long as older fol k stay in the jo b marke t, the y pay taxes (helpi ng one side of the fisc al bal an ce) and drawe i th e r n o p e n si o n, o r a sm al l e r one(helping the other).第1章全国院校英语专业基础英语考研真题分析对于绝大多数报考英语专业的考生而言，“基础英语”是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编10(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.将下列短文译成英语。

(北京外国语大学2009研，考试科目：英汉互译) 2008年11月9日，中国政府出台了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的十项措施，预计在未来两年时间内投资4万亿人民币。

中国政府在例行的中央经济工作会议召开之前突然宣布该方案，既显示了中国政府抗击金融危机、防范经济增长下滑的信心，也反映了中国政府对国内经济增长前景的预期明显恶化。

该方案刚一出台便引发世界范围内高度关注，并直接推动全球股市上涨。

然而，由于中国政府并未在第一时间详细披露该方案实施细则，近日来围绕该方案的猜测与争议绵延不绝。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.将下列短文译为英语。

(北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 无论如何，创造财富的物质资源，不论其初始分配如何，最终是要通过各种各样的渠道，流入到具有企业家精神的人手里，这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。

这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权，以之为自己创造财富，并积累财富。

这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。

它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。

中国人讲“富不过三代”，其中有一些无奈，但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在：财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。

因为，财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。

所以，由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代，未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。

如果是在身份制社会，这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。

而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排，使之自然地将其掌握的资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。

假如他们不愿意这样做，那市场就会无情地淘汰他们，以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。

市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。

权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度，都无法做到这一点，因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。

Teisei の外国語試験資料整合ーセット20006年英语专业四级考试真题及答案（详细解析）TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)-GRADE FOUR-PART ⅠDICTIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] In In Sections Sections Sections A A A B B B and and and C C C you you you will will will hear hear hear everything everything everything ONCE ONCE ONCE ONL ONL ONLY Y . . Listen Listen Listen carefully carefully carefully and and and then then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two. SECTION A CONVERSA TIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 1.How did Mark get there? A.By train and by car. B.By plane and by coach. C.By train and by bus. D.By bus and by plane. 2.Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPT A.short hair. B.glasses C.moustache. D.beard. 3.Where is the meeting for new students to be held? A.In the third room on the right. B.In the Common Room. C.In a room at the other end. D.In Room 501. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 4.What did Steve originally plan to do? A.To go to a park near the beach. B.To stay at home. C.To see a new film. D.To do some study. 5.Maggie finally decided to go to see a film because A.there was no park nearby. B.the weather wasn ’t ideal for a walk. C.it would be easier to go to a cinema. C.it would be easier to go to a cinema. D.Steve hadn D.Steve hadn ’t seen the film yet. 6.Where did they plan to meet? A.Outside the Town Hall. B.Near the bank. C.In Steven ’s place. D.At the cinema. P ART Questions Questions 7 7 7 to to to 10 10 10 are are are based based based on on on the the the following following following conversation. conversation. conversation. At At At the the the end end end of of of the the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 7.The following details are true about the new device EXCEPT A.it has colour. B.it has a moving image. C.it costs less money. D.it is not on the market. 8.Why didn ’t Bill want one of them? A.He wanted to buy one from Japan. B.He wasn ’t sure about its quality. C.He thought it was for business use. D.He thought it was expensive. 9.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the woman? A.She had never read the magazine herself. B.She knew who usually read the magazine. C.She C.She was was was quite quite quite interested interested interested in in in the the the new new new device. device. D.She D.She agreed agreed agreed with with with Bill Bill Bill at at at the the the end end end of of of the the conversation. 10.The conversation is mainly about A.a new type of telephone. B.the cost of telephone. C.some features of the magazine. D.the readership of the magazine. SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage. 11.In the old days dogs were used for the following EXCEPT A.hunting other animals. B.driving sheep. C.guarding chickens. D.keeping thieves away. 12.Which of the following is CORRECT? A.Dogs are now treated as part of a family. B.Dogs still performed all the duties they used to do. C.People now keep dogs for the same reasons as before. D.Only old people are seen walking their dogs. 13.The passage is mainly about A.what dogs can do. B.how to keep dogs. C.dogs and their masters. D.reasons for keeping dogs. Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage. 14.According to the passage, the working conditions in the new place A.are the same as the speaker is used to. B.are expected to be rather poor. C.are just as adequate. D.are not yet clear. 15.What is the speaker going to do in the new place? A.Travelling. B.Studying. C.Settling down. D.Teaching. 16.The speaker expects A.fewer choices of food. B.many ways to do washing. C.modern lighting facilities. D.new types of drinking water. 17.From the passage we learn that the speaker A.is unprepared for the new post. B.is unclear about the conditions there. C.is ready for all the difficulties there. D.is eager to know more about the post. Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage. 18.According to the passage,when are children first expectd to study hard? A.Before 6 years of age. B.Between 6 and 10. C.After 10 years of age. D.After 12 years of age. 19. Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPT A.religious problems. B.emotional problems. C.financial problems. D.marriage problems. 20.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A.Boys and girls are equally energetic. B.Parents have higher expectations for boys. C.Some parents lack skills to deal with their kids. D.Some parents are ill-educated and ill-tempered. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news. 21.What has happened to the Cubans? A.They set foot in Floria. B.They were drowned. C.They were flown to the U.S. D.They were sent back to Cuba. 22.How did the Cubans try to enter the U.S.? A.In a small boat. B.In an old truck. C.By swimming. D.By driving. Questions 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. 23.How many cities will have air quality monitoring systems installed by the ned of this year? A.42 cities. B.220 cities. C. 150 cities. D. 262 cities. Questions 24 and25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. 24. Altogether how many people were reported missing? A. 68. B.90. C. 150. D. 40. 25.Which of the following details is INCORRECT? A.The two ferries sank on different days. B.The accidents were caused by storms. C.The two ferries sank on the same river. D.More people were rescued from the first ferry. Questions 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. 26.What is the news item mainly about? A.Indonesian government policies. B.Australia’s support to the UN assistance mission. C.Opening of an Australian consulate in East Timor. D.Talks between Australia and Indonesia. Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. 27. The news item is mainly about a joint venture between A.a US company and a UK company. B.a Swiss company and a UK company. C.two Taiwanese companies. D.a mainland company and a US company. 28.Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture? A.Unilever. B.Nestle. C.PepsiCo. D.Coca Cola. Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. 29.Who staged the protect on Saturday? A.The soldiers. B.The peace camp. C.The militants. D. The hardliners. 30. Which of the following details about the news is INCOPPECT? A.13 soilders were killed last week. B.100,000 people participated in the protest. C. The protesters demanded a pullout from Gaza. D.The Prime Minister rejected the pullout plan. Ⅲ CLOZE There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most ( 31 )＿held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder--- even if it means (32)＿ the pavement into a busy street! (33)＿ you must must pass pass pass under under under a a a ladder ladder ladder you you you can can can (34(34)＿ bad bad luck luck luck by by by crossing crossing crossing your your your fingers fingers fingers and and and (35(35)＿ them crossed until you have seen a dog. (36)＿ , you may lick your finger and (37)＿ a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the (38)＿ has dried. Another Another common common common (39(39)＿ is is that that that it it it is is is unlucky unlucky unlucky to to to open open open an an an umbrella umbrella umbrella in in in the the the house---it house---it house---it will will will either either bring (40)＿ to the person who opened it or to the whole (41)＿. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is (42)＿, as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month (43)＿ on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad event had better better stay stay stay (44(44)＿.The .The worst worst worst misfortune misfortune misfortune that that that can can can happen happen happen to to to a a a person person person is is is caused caused caused by by by breaking breaking breaking a a mirror, mirror, (45(45)＿ it it brings brings brings seven seven seven years years years of of of bad bad bad luck! luck! luck! The The The superstition superstition superstition is is is supposed supposed supposed to to to (46(46)＿ in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are (47)＿ witchcraft.. it is (48)＿ lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood (49)＿ luck.This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as ―my car has never (50)＿ , touch wood?ǁ 31. A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily 32. A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from 33. A If B As C Though D Unless 34. A erase B remove C avoid D ease 35. A keep B keeping C kept D to keep 36. A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively 37. A make B print C perform D produce 38. A label B symbol C mark D cut 39. A argument B superstition C opinion D idea 40. A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune 41. A .house B household C home D circle 42. A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate 43. A falls B arrives C drops D happens 44. A away B outdoors C indoors D far 45. A when B as C if D though 46. A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate 47. A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in 48. A especially B specially C frequently D rarely 49. A as B for C in D of 50. A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken down PART IV GRAMMAR＆VOCABULARY 51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A Although B whatever C As D However 52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! A would B could C should D might 53. The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. A by which B for which C to which D at which 54. It‘s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 55. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend. A has found B was finding C had found D would find 56. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech. A ought to have B must have C may have D should have 57. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in. A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you were thinking 58. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work. A enough good B good enough C as good enough D good as enough 59. It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to 60. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land. A no such a B not such C not such a D no such 61. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far. A / B such C that D as 6２. The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A proves B is proving C are proving D prove 63. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones. A not counting B not to count C don‘t count D having not counted64. It was __ we had hoped A more a success than B a success more than C as much of a success as D a success as much as 65. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __? A didn‘t it B doesn‘t there C usedn‘t it? D didn‘t there66. It is an offence to show __ against people of different races. A distinction B difference C separation D discrimination 67. A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing 68. The thieves fled with the local police close on their __. A backs B necks C toes D heels 69. The economic recession has meant that job__ is a rare thing. A security B safety C protection D secureness 70. Many people nowadays save money to __ for their old age. A cater B supply C provide D equip 71. The tone of the article __ the writer‘s mood at the time. A reproduced B reflected C imagined D imitated 72. This is not the right __ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen! A.moment B.situation C.opportunity D.circumstance 73. The job of a student accommodation officer__ a great many visits to landladies. A concerns B offers C asks D involves 74. Our family doctor‘s clinic __at the junction of two busy roads.A rests B stands C stays D seats 75. She was so fat that she could only just __ through the door. A assemble B appear C squeeze D gather 76. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __. A leaking B trickling C dripping D floating 77. The reception was attended by __ members of the local community. A excellent B conspicuous C prominent D noticeable 78. 78. Share Share Share prices prices prices on on on the the the Stock Stock Stock Exchange Exchange Exchange plunged plunged plunged sharply sharply sharply in in in the the the morning morning morning but but but __slightly __slightly __slightly in in in the the afternoon. A regained B recovered C restored D revived 79. His brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure. A rich B quick C productive D fertile 80. The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation. A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable P ART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION TEXT A In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First. Let‘s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line fixed-line phone, phone, phone, is is is that that that a a a mobile mobile mobile number number number corresponds corresponds corresponds to to to a a a person, person, person, while while while a a a landline landline landline goes goes goes to to to a a place.If place.If you you you call call call my my my mobile, mobile, mobile, you you you get get get me. me. me. If If If you you you call call call my my my fixed-line fixed-line fixed-line phone, phone, phone, you you you get get get whoever whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the ―meetingǁ influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting meeting place. place. place. Now, Now, Now, however, however, however, a a a night night night out out out can can can be be be arranged arranged arranged on on on the the the run. run. run. It It It is is no no lon lon longer ger ger ―see ―see you there at 8ǁ, but ―text me around 8 and we ’ll see where we all areǁ.Texting changes people people as well. as well. In In their their their paper, paper, paper, ―insights ―insights into into the the the Social Social Social and Psychological and Psychological Effects Effects of of of SMS SMS SMS Text Text Text Messagingǁ, Messagingǁ, two two British British British researchers researchers researchers distinguished distinguished distinguished between between between two two two t t ypes ypes of of mobile phone users: the ―talkersǁ and the ―textersǁ-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They They found found found that that that the the the mobile mobile mobile phone‘s phone‘s phone‘s individuality individuality individuality and and and privacy privacy privacy gave gave gave texters texters texters the the the ability ability ability to to express express a a a whole whole whole new new new outer outer outer personality. personality. personality. Texters Texters Texters were were were likely likely likely to to to report report report that that that their their their family family family would would would be be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the ―speakeasyǁ: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the ―spacemakerǁ: thes e people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people‘s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn‘t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk. 81 when people plan to meet nowadays, they A: arrange the meeting place beforehand B. postpone fixing the place till last minute C: seldom care about when and where to meet D: still love to work out detailed meeting plans. 82 According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on A: TALKERS B; the "speakeasy" c. the ―spacemakerǁD. texters 83 We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are A: quite revealing B: well written c: unacceptable by others d; shocking to others 84 according to the passage ,who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile a: talkers b: the speakeasy c :the spacemaker d: texters 85 an appropriate title for the passage might be A: the SMS effect b: cultural implication of mobile use c: change in the use of the mobile d: body language and the mobile phone! TEXT B Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether a person is ―working -classǁ or “middle-middle-classǁclassǁ-are one area in which changes have been extremely slow. In In the the the past, past, past, the the the working-class working-class working-class tended tended tended to to to be be be paid paid paid less less less than than than middle-class middle-class middle-class people, people, people, such such such as as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers‘ jobs were generally much less less secure, secure, secure, distinct distinct distinct differences differences differences in in in life-styles life-styles life-styles and and and attitudes attitudes attitudes came came came into into into existence. existence. existence. The The The typical typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her ―housekeepingǁ, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is – inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extermely important. Both of these these provided provided provided him him him and and and his his his family family family with with with security. security. security. Only Only Only in in in very very very few few few cases cases cases did did did workers workers workers have have have the the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans. Nowadays, Nowadays, a a a great great great deal deal deal has has has changed. changed. changed. In In In a a a large large large number number number of of of cases cases cases factory factory factory workers workers workers earn earn earn as as much, much, if if if not not not more, more, more, than than than their their their middle-class middle-class middle-class supervisors. supervisors. supervisors. Social Social Social security security security and and and laws laws laws to to to improve improve job-security,combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, century, have have have made made made it it it less less less necessary necessary necessary than than than before before before to to to worry worry worry about about about ―tomorrowǁ. ―tomorrowǁ. Working Working-class -class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. people. They They They generally generally generally tend tend tend to to to share share share very very very similar similar similar tastes tastes tastes in in in music music music and and and clothes, clothes, clothes, they they they spend spend spend their their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups. 86, which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past? A: Life style and occupation B: Attitude and income C:Income and job security D: Job security and hobbies 87 the writer seems to suggest that the description of ＿＿＿＿ is closer to truth? A: middle –class ways of spending money B: working-class ways of spending the weekend C: working-class drinking habits D: middle-class attitudes 88 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle -class? A: Desiring for security B: Making long-term plans C: Having priorities in life D: Saving money 89 89 Working-class Working-class Working-class people's people's people's sense sense sense of of of security security security increased increased increased as as as a a a resulf resulf resulf of of of all all all the the the follwoing follwoing follwoing factors factors EXCEPT? A:better social security B: more job opportunities C: higher living standard D: better legal protection. 90.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A:Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society. B:The gap between working -class and middle- class young people is narrowing. C: Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear. D: Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people. TEXT C For several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal. During During this this this time, time, time, all all all my my my knowledge knowledge knowledge of of of him him him was was was limited limited limited to to to occasional occasional occasional meetings meetings meetings about about about the the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them. One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, ―do you think I‘m handsome, Miss Eyre?ǁThe answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‗No, sir.ǁ“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.ǁ“Sir, I‘m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn‘t matter, or something like that,ǁ“N o, you shouldn‘t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! ou Y ou have have have honesty honesty honesty and and and feeling. feeling. feeling. There There There are are are not not not many many many girls girls girls like like like you. you. you. But But But perhaps perhaps perhaps I I I go go go too too too fast. fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.ǁI thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly,“Y es, you‘re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different.I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn‘t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you‘re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you‘re sympathetic and give them hope.ǁIt seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn‘t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time. “Don‘t Don‘t be afraid be afraid of me, me, Miss Miss Miss Eyre.ǁ Eyre.ǁ Eyre.ǁ He He He continued. continued. continued. ― you ― you don‘t don‘t relax or relax or laugh laugh very very very much, much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, a nd speak freely. You‘re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you‘ll fly very high. Good night.ǁ91:At the beginning Miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr.Rochester were all EXCEPT A.busy B:sociable C: friendly D: changeable 92,In "....and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…ǁ(the second paragraph),t he word ―aboutǁ means the word ―aboutǁ meansA:around B:on C:outside D:concerning. 93. why did Mr.Rochester say" ..and the you stab me in the back!" (the 7th paragraph)?. 。

2008年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分180, 做题时间90分钟)1. 选择题1.Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the propriety to write her.SSS_SINGLE_SELA decency.B posterityC apathyD eulogy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：句意：尽管他知道母亲一直在生病，但他还是没有按照礼节给她写信慰问。

“propriety”意为礼貌、礼节。

A选项意为礼貌、体面，因此为正确答案。

2.The constant motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of the seasons.SSS_SINGLE_SELA perfidiousB plausibleC perilousD perpetual该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：句意：地球围绕地轴不停地旋转产生了四季更替。

“constant”意为持续不断的，由词义可知，D选项为最佳答案。

3.His former employer recommended him highly as having been a very industrious worker.SSS_SINGLE_SELA affluentB cogentC diligentD extinct该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：句意：他的前任老板对他评价很高，说明他工作非常的勤奋。

题干中的“industrious”与选项中的diligent同义，即“勤奋的”。

4.His arrogant manner has kept him from being very popular.SSS_SINGLE_SELA waxyB sleazyC surlyD flimsy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：句意：他傲慢的举止使得他很不受欢迎。

1998年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) They are twins. B) They are classmates.C) They arc friends. D) They are colleagues.2. A) The man is planning a trip to Austin. B) The man has not been to Austin before.C) The man doesn't like Austin. D) The man has been to Austin before.3. A) The size of the room. B) Long working hours.C) The hot weather. D) The fan in the room.4. A) The man has changed his destination.B) The man is returning his ticket.C) The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning.D) The man can't manage to go to New York as planned.5. A) It is difficult to identify. B) It has been misplaced.C) It is missing. D) It has been borrowed by someone.6. A) Looking for a timetable. B) Buying some furniture.C) Reserving a table. D) Window shopping.7. A) Cold and windy. B) Snow will be replaced by strong winds.C) It will get better. D) Rainy and cold.8. A) It is no longer available.B) It has been reprinted four times.C) The store doesn't have it now, but will have it soon.D) The information in the book is out of date.9. A) Henry doesn't like the color. B) Someone else painted the house.C) There was no ladder in the house. D) Henry painted the house himself.10. A) In a cotton field. B) At a railway station.C) On a farm. D) On a train.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They invited him to a party. B) They asked him to make a speech.C) They gave a special dinner for him. D) They invited his wife to attend the dinner.12. A) He was embarrassed. B) He felt greatly encouraged.C) He felt sad. D) He was deeply touched.13. A) Sam's wife did not think that the company was fair to Sam.B) Sam's wife was satisfied with the gold watch.C) Sam did not like the gold watch.D) The company had some financial problems.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The number of students they take in is limited.B) They receive little or no support from public taxes.C) They are only open to children from rich families.D) They have to pay more taxes.15. A) Private schools admit more students.B) Private schools charge less than religious schools.C) Private schools run a variety of programs.D) Private schools allow students to enjoy more freedom.16. A) The churches. B) The program designers.C) The local authorities. D) The state government.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) She was found stealing in a bookstore.B) She caught someone in the act of stealing.C) She admitted having stolen something.D) She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.18. A) A book. B) $ 3,000. C) A handbag. D) A Christmas card.19. A) She was questioned by the police. B) She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C) She was insulted by the shopper around her. D) She was body-searched by the store manger.20. A) They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B) They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C) They still suspected that she was a thief.D) They agreed to pay her $ 3,000 damages.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details."As our tests became more complex, ' Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wi- der and wider margins." He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs -- until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but ff something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity. '21. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is ______.A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacityC) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performanceD) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory22. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to ______.A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB) put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD) register the prompt responses of the subjects23. The word "bested" ( Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ______.A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) made the best of24. Which of the following statements is true?A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.25. We can infer from the last paragraph that __A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessC) no airline pilots smoke during flightsD) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency casesQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力) it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that ail ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violinmaking.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more "user-friendly'. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase "learning to use a computer" mean? It sounds like "learning to drive a car", that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, "learning to use a computer" is much more like "learning to play a game", but learning the roles of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.26. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _____.A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB) be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car27. In the second paragraph "violin-making" is mentioned to show that _____.A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB) our society needs experts in different fieldsC) violin-making requires as much skill as computer programmingD) people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming28. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _____.A) programs are becoming less complicatedB) programs are designed to be convenient to usersC) programming is becoming easier and easierD) programs are becoming readily available to computer users29. According to the author, the phrase "learning to usc a computer"( Lines 3-4, Para. 3) means learning_____.A) a set of rules B) the fundamentals of computer scienceC) specific programs D) general principles of programming30. The author's purpose in writing this passage is _____.A) to stress the impact of the computer on societyB) to explain the concept of computer literacyC) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging jobQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to un- happiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务) , self-improvement.Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having 8o much fun actually may not be happy at all.31. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _____.A) he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB) he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC) he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD) he fears it will put an end to all his fun, adventure and excitement32. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is _____.A) a moral duty B) a thankless jobC) a rewarding task D) a source of inevitable pain33. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _____.A) hatred B) misunderstandingC) prejudice D) ignorance34. To understand what true happiness is one must _____.A) have as much fun as possible during one's lifetimeB) make every effort to liberate oneself from painC) put up with pain under all circumstancesD) be able to distinguish happiness from fun35. What is the author trying to tell us?A) Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.B) One must know how to attain happiness.C) It is important to make commitments.D) It is pain that leads to happiness.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化) is taking place. It in taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) lead- ers; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in locking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn't occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise, I don't hear people in the academy saying. "Let's go backward. Let's go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才)" ( which was never true -- we never had a meritocracy, although we've come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a prefesset there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.36. The word "imperative"( Line 4, Para. 1) most probably refers to something _____.A) superficial B) remarkable C) debatable D) essential37. Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?A) Minorities. B) Politicians. C) Professors. D) Managers.38. High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to_____.A) lower the rate of unemploymentB) win equal political rights for minoritiesC) be competitive in the world marketD) satisfy the demands of a growing population39. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A) meritocracy can never be realized without diversityB) American political circles will not accept diversityC) it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. mediaD) minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity40. According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by _____.A) expanding the pool of potential employeesB) promoting policies that provide skills to employeesC) training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managersD) providing education for all regardless of race or sexPart ⅢVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. The last half of the nineteenth century _____ the steady improvement in the means of travelA) has witnessed B) was witnessed C) witnessed D) is witnessed42. The shy girl felt _____ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher's questions.A) amazed B) awkward C) curious D) amused43. Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A) there being a chance B) there to be a chanceC) there be a chance D) being a chance44. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _____ it.A) mustn't have done B) wouldn't have doneC) mightn't have done D) didn't have to do45. Frequently single-parent children _____ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served,A) take off B) take after C) take in D) take on46. He gives people the impression ______ all his life abroad.A) of having spent B) to have spent C) of being spent D) to spend47. A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial ______.A) mark B) feature C) trace D) appearance48. I'd rather you ______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A) don't B) wouldn't C) didn't D) shouldn't49. All things______, the planned trip will have to be called off.A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered50. John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must ______the curiosity and creativity of children.A) seek B) stimulate C) shape D) secure51. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ______ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A) by that B) at that C) on that D) in that52. However, at times this balance in nature is______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.A)troubled B)disturbed C)confused D)puzzled53. If she doesn't tell him the truth now, he'll simply keep on asking her until she______.A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do54. The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into ______ care.A) tense B) rigid C) intensive D) tight55. Does everyone on earth have an equal right ______ an equal share Of its resources?A) by B) at C) to D) over56. Americans eat______ as they actually need every day.A) twice as much protein B) twice protein as much twiceC) twice protein as much D) protein as twice much~57. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe ______ Europe into a great War,A) inserted B) imposed C) pitched D) plunged58. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ______ is often the case in other countries.A) as B) what C) so D) that59. There are few electronic applications ______ to raise fears regarding future employment oppommities than robots.A) likely B) more likely C) most likely D) much likely60. We had to______ a lot of noise when the children were at home.A)go in for B) hold on to C) put up with D) keep pace with61. What he said just now had little to do with the question ______ discussion.A) on B) in C) under D) at62. We need a chairman______.A) for whom everyone has confidenceB) in whom everyone has confidenceC) who everyone has confidence ofD) whom everyone has confidence on63. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no______ to the health service.A) assessment B) assignment C) exception D) access64. Excuse me. If your call's not too urgent, do you mind______ mine first?A) I make B) if I make C) me to make D) that I make65. Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong ______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A) motivation B) perspective C) impression D) impact66. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______.A) being settled B) to be settled C) had settled D) as settled67. Hoods cause billions of dollars worth of property damageA) relatively B) actually C) annually D) comparatively68. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ______.A) be put off B) was put off C) should put off D) is to put off69. These goods are __ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.A) essentially B) completely C) necessarily D) remarkably70. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, __ up to half will be from overseas.A) in which B) for whom C) with which D) of whomPart ⅣCloze( 15 minutes)The task of being accepted and enrolled (招收) in a university begins early for some students. Long 71 they graduate from high school. These students take special 72 to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one of more examinations that test how 73 prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school, they 74 applications and send them, with their student records, to the universities which they hope to 75 . Some high school students may be 76 to have an interview with representatives of the university. Neatly 77 and usually very frightened, they are 78 to show that they have a good attitude and the 79 to succeed.When the new students are finally 80 , there may be one more step they have to 81 before registe- ring for classes and 82 to work. Many colleges and universities 83 an orientation (情况介绍) program for new students. 84 these programs, the young people get to know the 85 for registration and student advising, university rules, the 86 of the library and all the other 87 services of the college or university. Be- ginning a new life in a new place can be very 88 . The more knowledge students have 89 the school, the easier it will be for them to 90 to the new environment. However, it takes time to get used to college life.71. A) as B) after C) since D) before72. A) courses B) disciplines C) majors D) subjects73. A) deeply B) widely C) well D) much74. A) fulfill B) finish C) complete D) accomplish75. A) attend B) participate C) study D) belong76. A) acquired B) considered C) ordered D) required77. A) decorated B) dressed C) coated D) worn78. A) decided B) intended C) settled D) determined79. A) power B) ability C) possibility D) quality80. A) adopted B) accepted C) received D) permitted81. A) make B) undergo C) take D) pass82. A) getting B) putting C) falling D) sitting83. A) offer B) afford C) grant D) supply84. A) For B) Among C) In D) On85. A) processes B) procedures C) projects D) provisions86. A) application B) usage C) use D) utility87. A) major B) prominent C) key D) great88. A) amusing B) misleading C) alarming D) confusing89. A) before B) about C) on D) at90. A) fit B) suit C) yield D) adaptPart ⅤWriting( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part , you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least I00 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。

西外考研06年基础英语西安外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语科目代码：311PART ONEI. Vocabulary (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Select the one that best fitsin with each context and draw a bar across the correspondentletter on the Answer Sheet.1. In view of the petrol shortage, _________ will be placed on the unnecessaryuse of private cars for pleasure.A. limitationsB. restrictionsC. rationingD.banning2. During a war, many of the normal basic rights of the individual are___________ in the national interest.A. disregardedB. infringedC. suspendedD. stamped3. Countries bordered by the sea have a pleasant _________ climate becausethe sea warms the coast on winter and cools it in summer.A. arborealB. aquaticC. maritimeD.ocean4. Crimes of violence appear to be quite __________; but psychologists canusually find a motive hidden away in the criminal’s childhood.A. senselessB. sensationalC. nonsensicalD.sensitive5. I’m afraid the result of the coming election is a _________ conclusion.A. foregoneB. foreseenC. predictableD.prospective6. It is possible to organize housework so as to ________ inefficiency but notmonotony.A. depleteB. minimizeC. diminishD.subtract7. The _____________ of social security benefits often feel that they arecontributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care,pensions, etc.A. receiptsB. receiversC. recipientsD.payees8. If silicon chips are going to be significant and profitable then Britain oughtto have a _________ in their manufacture.A. stakeB. bidC. betD.flutter9. I had no _________ about speaking the language when I was in Greece, itwas driving on the other side of the road which bothers me.A. panicB. quakeC. nervousnessD. qualms10. As he took his foot off the clutch the car _________ forward and thepassenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.A. lurchedB. swirledC. staggeredD.wobbled11. At each race meeting Hawkins desperately _______ to beat Owen, but healways arrives at the tape a split-second behind.A. drivesB. exertsC. contendsD. strives12. Some of the people living on the Council’s new estate decided to set up a(an) _________ association.A. occupants’B. dwellers’C. tenant s’D.inhabitants’13. He thumbed through the rose ________ to see if there was anything hefancies for his south-facing wall.A. brochureB. catalogueC. pamphletD.booklet14. I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price ofeverything has rather _______ the idea. Perhaps I shall to Spain instead.A. bogged me downB. turned me outC. set me backD. put me off15. A brilliant writer can _________ a whole scene effortlessly.A. invokeB. provokeC. evokeD. stimulateII. Grammatical Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences. Each is followed by fourpossible answers. Choose the one that best completes eachsentence and draw a bar across the correspondent letter on theAnswer Sheet.16. In such desperate strains did he find himself that he was reduced to________ violin in the streets.A. playB. playingC. be playingD. havingplayed17. Please try to remember ________ he said he was going this afternoon. Ifyou can tell me, I may be in time to save him from trouble.A. whereB. whenC. howD.what18. Those twins are so alike that it is next to impossible to distinguish________.A. who is whoB. which is whichC. one and the otherD. one another19. You _________ hurt his feelings by saying that, even if you thought it.A. didn’t need toB. needn’t toC. hadn’t needed toD.needn’t have20. A captain never gives _________ order to abandon ______ ship until all__________ hope of saving it is lost.A. the; x; xB. an; a; theC. an; the; xD. the; a;the21. After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid onexpanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. being encouragedC. to have been encouragedD. be encouraged22. To a highly imaginative writer, _________ is a pad paper and a pen.A. all are requiredB. all is requireC. all that is requiredD. all required is23. He’s improving slowly _________ it’ll be a long time before h e’s fitenough to go back to work.A. butB. forC. asD.unless24. Language is a city, to the building of ________ every human beingbrought a stone.A. itB. thisC. thatD.which25. At first she accused me of being a political fanatic, but she soon cameround to _________ that my ideas where not so ridiculous as she hadsupposed.A. realizeB. realizingC. have realizedD. beingrealizing26. Many political problems are so complicated that the layman cannot seethe wood _______ the trees.A. ofB. fromC. forD.with27. I read that in some book or _________; does it matter which it was?A. the otherB. anotherC. othersD. other28. All was confusion around him; __________ he remained calm andunruffled.A. nonethelessB. consequentlyC. otherwiseD.furthermore29. He is determined to improve his innocence, ________ he has to go to thehighest court in the land.A. even thoughB. even asC. even ifD. evenso30. When _________, many racists cannot give a logical reason for theirattitudes towards other racial groups.A. questioningB. having beenquestionedC. having questionedD. questionedIII. Cloze (20 points)Section ADirections: For questions 31-40, read the text and then decide which word, A, B, C, or D best fits each space. Make your choices and draw abar cross the correspondent letter on the Answer Sheet.Face-to-face conversation is a two-way process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on. Two-way 31 depends on having a coding system that is understood by both 32 and receiver, and an agreed conversation about 33 the beginning and end of the 34 in speech, the coding system is a language like English or Spanish; the conversation that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to 35 . In fact, the 36 that people use in conversations and meetings are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the voice may mean the end of a sentence; a 37 of breath may signal the desire to 38 , catching the chairman’s eye may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting like a 39 , a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these 40 signals are not possible. More formal signals may be needed.31. A. exchange B. correspondenceC. interchangeD. communication32. A. transmitter B. messengerC. senderD. announcer33. A. signaling B. symbolizingC. signingD. showing34. A. idea B. theme C. topic D. message35. A. notice B. mention C. recognize D. judge36. A. clues B. signals C. features D. symbols37. A. deep hold B. noisy releaseC. big puffD. sharp intake38. A. interfere B. interact C. interrupt D. intercept39. A. debate B. lecture C. chat D. broadcast40. A. auditory B. visual C. verbal D. sensorySection BDirections: For questions 41-50, read the text and decide on a suitable word to fill each of the gaps. Remember there is one word for eachgap. Write you answer on the Answer Sheet.In this week’s issue, our resident film critic discusses the 41 of cinema going, and the audiences who 42 chewing hot-dogs, slurping drinks, gossiping and rustling crisp packets to actually 43 the film. Fair complaint, or just cinema snobbery?It’s the munchers and talkers, not those who complain about them, who are spoiling 44 people’s simple pleasures and the 45 seem to me to be self-evident. Junk foods and even popcorn and choc ices, when eaten in a 46 and possibly crowded space, are inclined to demand living spaces. They spread 47 about—usually onto other’s clothing. Crisps, peanuts and boiled sweets make a lot of 48 , first when being unpacked then when being crunched or sucked. These are definite 49 , especially if you yourself—having merely come to see or hear the film—are not eating and not therefore generously sharing your fried onions,mustard and ketchup with the trousers of the stranger in the 50 seat.IV. Reading Comprehension (10 points)Directions: Here is a text. The parts A-F have been removed. Match the parts A-F to the numbered gaps in the text. There is one extra partwhich does not belong in any of the gaps.Professor Kimura has now discovered that homosexual men tend to do worse in targeting tasks, but are superior in other areas, for example, listing things that are a particular color. This goes one step further towards supporting the theory part of the brain is pre-programmed.But despite all the differences that appear to have emerged between male and female brains, Professor Kimura’s studies indicate that the sexes still having something quite strikingly in common: both, it appears, are sensitive to hormonal fluctuation throughout their lives.51_________________ Now Professor Kimura has discovered that males perform best on mental-rotation tests in the spring when, contrary to popular belief, male levels of the hormone testosterone are at their lowest. Autumn, when testosterone levels are high, iswhen her male subjects fare worst in tests.52_________________Moreover, weaknesses in certain skills are not fixed immutable. Extra training in weak areas for both sexes can go far towards rectifying the gender balance.53_________________It’s a good step forward towards greater harmony between men and women. It means they can work towards understanding and helping each other, even on the most basic level.54_________________Furthermore, says Dr. Apter, the latest findings mean that women need no longer force themselves into activities for which they have natural gift—just for the sake of equality. “They don’t have to feel guilty or inferior about doing feminine things.”With childcare, for example, women have developed the skills of attending to babies and noticing what they need and when they need it. This is partly because they spend more time with them, but women do also tend tobe quicker at learning how to respond to the young.55_________________A. But Dr. Terri Apter, a social psychologistat Cambridge University, welcomes therecognition that the sexes have differentintellectual abilities.B. ‘If women want to stay at home lookingafter their children, they should do so.They happen to be very good at it.’C. What’s more, the experts acknowledgethat in spite of some evidence to thecontrary women generally recognizetheir superiority in this field.D. ‘If a man find his wife is not very good atmap-reading and realizes that it may begenetic, he will not only be more patientbut he can teach her how to do it better.’E. Women tested by scientists at Canada’sYork University have been found toscore much better on spatial reasoningtests during menstruation when theirestrogen levels are low.F. Of course, as all scientists involved ingender testing are at pains to point out, their results are only averages. Some women will be better at football than most men, and some men will be better at Russian than most women.PART TWOTranslate the underlined parts of the following text into Chinese. (30 points)(1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the slightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them. (2) I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. As a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once make, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.(3) I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. One evening he was with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse (or the better) for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.“It sounds fine” said Mayhew “Is that house for sale?”“Everything is for sale in Italy.”“Let’s send’em a cable and make an offer for it.”“What on heaven’s name would you do with a house in Capri?”“Live in it”, said Mayhew.He sent for a cable form, wrote it out, and dispatched it. In a few hours the reply came back. The offer was accepted.(4) Mayhew was no hypocrite and he madeno secret of the fact that he would never have done so wild a thing if he had been sober, but when he was he did not regret it. He was neither an impulsive nor an emotional man, but a very honest and sincere one. (5) He would never have continued from bravado in a course that he had come to the conclusion was unwise. He did not care for wealth and he had enough money on which to live in Italy. (6) He though he would do more with life than spend it on composing the trivial quarrels of unimportant people. I suppose his friends thought him craze; some must have done all they could to dissuade him. He arranged his affairs, packed up his furniture, and started.Capri is a gaunt rock of austere, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. (7) It is friendly, remote, and debonair. I find it strange that Mayhew should have settled on this lovely island, for I never knew a man more insensible to beauty, freedom, or merely leisure; I know what he found. In this place which appears so extravagantly to the senses he lived a life entirely of the spirit. For the island is rich with historic associations and over it broods always the enigmatic memory of Tiberius the Emperor. Form his windows overlooking the Bay of Naples, with the noble shape of Vesuvius changing color with the changing light, Mayhew saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and the Greeks. The past began to haunt him. All that he saw for the first time excited his fancy; and in his soul stirred the creative imagination. He was a man of energy. Presently he made up his mind to write a history. For some time he looked about for a subject, and at last decided on the second century of the Roman Empire. It was little known and it seemed to him to offer problems analogous with those of our own day.PART THREEI. Summary (25 points)Directions: Write a 150-word summary based on the following text. Note that your summary should cover the main points of the text and thatyour quotation from the original source should be kept to aminimum.Overreaction to Cloning Claim Poses OtherRisksA USA Today EditorialMuch of the world is now holding its breath, wondering whether Eve, the supposed first-ever human clone, born Dec. 26 [2002], is real or a twisted publicity stunt. Her existence certainly sounds like something out of science fiction: announced by the Raelians, a bizarre sect that believes the human race was cloned from aliens 25,000 years ago.The Raelians' Clonaid organization promises to provide in coming days scientific proof of Eve's authenticity through genetics experts, though it refuses to produce Eve or her 31-year-old American mother. It also claims that four more clones are due to be born by February [2003]—a statistic that stretches credulity, given that the cloning of mammals since Dolly the sheep in 1997 has usually taken hundreds of tries and produced Frankenstein-leaning deformities.Whether or not Eve proves to be genuine, any clone would catch Americans spectacularly unprepared. That's because conservative Republicans and the Bush administration have insisted on pursuing a ban on all cloning. Their overreach overlooks a more sensible alternative: outlawing the morally reprehensible cloning of humans but permitting cellular cloning that could cure ailments from Alzheimer's to spinal injuries.True to form, within days of Eve's birth for Senate legislation to ban all human cloning…Yet such a knee-jerk reaction ignores critical differences between cloning of the human and therapeutic variety.Human cloning aims to replicate humans. It requires implanting a cloned embryo into a woman's uterus. The Raelians' claims aside, thepractice holds moral, ethical and practical risks. Attempts to clone humans are certain to follow the path of animal cloning. That means hundreds of failures and the death within days of most clones that do reach birth. Survivors, even if they seem healthy, could be time bombs with unknown genetic abnormalities. Besides such vexing moral questions as who has the right to clone another person, family relationships and rights would become a minefield of ambiguity: Eve's ''mother,'' for example, would really be her twin.Therapeutic cloning aims to develop medical therapies. Cloned embryos are grown only up to 14 days, long enough to harvest their stem cells, which may eventually prove useful in treating diseases including Parkinson's, leukemia and diabetes. Embryos aren't implanted in a woman's uterus, the step required to clone a human.Supporters of a total ban would shut off this promising avenue of U.S. research. Yet investigations would continue overseas.A far more sensible approach was proposed last year, when the National Academy of Sciences called for a five-year renewable ban on the cloning of human beings while allowing research on therapeutic cloning.Regardless whether Eve is a clone, her announced arrival delivers a call for responsible action. Like it or not, we already are in a brave new world of medical advances.II. Composition (35 points)Directions: Write a composition in about 350 words to give your opinion on Why and How Web Addicts Should Be Treated. Write your compositionon the Answer Sheet.。

【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：12015年中国人民大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

北京第二外国语学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《基础英语》考试大纲一、适用的招生专业英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学二、考试的基本要求本考试旨在考察考生是否具备攻读英语语言文学专业硕士研究生的英语水平，主要考察考生的交际语言能力，即语言知识和语用能力两个方面。

要求考生在规定的时间内，在不参阅任何工具书的情况下独立完成答卷。

三、试卷结构【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：2总分：150分题型：语法、词汇30分；完形填空30分；阅读理解30分；段落翻译30分；命题作文30分。

四、考试的主要内容与要求1、语法、词汇部分采用单选题的客观题型，旨在考察考生的语法、词汇知识。

2、完形填空部分采用单选题的客观题型，旨在考察考生运用语法、词汇及语篇知识等的综合语言能力。

3、阅读理解部分采用单选题和简答题等两种主客观题型，旨在考察考生阅读包括学术语篇在内的正规语体语篇的能力，试题类型涵盖寻找事实性信息、归纳总结、根据文章推断推理以及根据语篇解读某些语言点等方面。

4、段落翻译包含英译中和中译英两种题型，主要考察考生的翻译能力，同时兼顾考生的阅读与写作能力。

5、写作为命题作文，重点考察考生运用正规语体写作说明文或议论文的英文写作能力。

要求考生在限定时间内完成不低于规定字数的、符合文体要求的一篇完整的文章，评分标准将依据考生写作的内容、篇章组织和语言水平等方面。

五、主要参考书目水平测试，无指定参考书。

一、经济结合点（4大经济问题）1、公有制与非公有制经济的问题基本经济制度以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展（坚持公有制主体地位，促进非公有制经济发展）1.1、（有关基本经济制度制定依据）：2决定；3原因（2方面决定）社会主义的性质；初级阶段的国情（3方面原因）我国是社会主义国家，公有制是社会主义制度的本质特征，是社会主义经济制度的基础；我国处在社会主义初级阶段，需要在公有制为主体的条件下发展多种所有制经济；一切符合“三个有利于”的所有制形式都可以而且应该用来为社会主义服务。