北外英汉同传英语基础测试(技能)2015年真题改错部分

高翻学院英汉同传考研解析2015年北京外国语大学英汉同传考研真题解析科目名称：815英汉互译（笔译）(考试时间3小时,•满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)I.Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.(50points)If you’ve been attentive to the growing series of posts here under the banner of the American Futures project,you know that Deb and Jim Fallows have been examining small,resilient American cities that are home to intriguing innovations and entrepreneurship.A few days ago,as part of the projects recent focus on Burlington,Vermont,I took a look at two of the three great colleges there.Now let’s look in on the third,Champlain College.You’ll see why this one fits the project’s ongoing“American ingenuity”theme.If you could design your ideal college from scratch,what would it look like?Mine would look something like the following.Students would acquire training that makes them immediately employable.TheyM take courses in the liberal arts that would sharpen their skills in writing,analysis,and reasoning.And theyM graduate with some real-life knowledge,such as how to interview for a job. ThereM be no tenure for faculty,but instructors would be made to feel they^e valued members of the enterprise.And administrators would constantly ask themselves;thow can we prepare students for what the world needs of them?MWhile you^re busy designing your version of the ideal,I can take a nap or go fishing,because somebody has already built mine:Champlain College.It is doing everything Tve described and,in the process,is gaining the attention of the higher-ed world.The words Fve heard used to describe Champlain include innovative,nimble,adaptable.A professor from nearby St.MichaeFs College told me,with unabashed admiration,“Champlain is always asking itself‘What works’？”Founded in1878and long known as the Burlington Business College,Champlain assumed its current name in1958,when it had only60students in various associated degree programs.Starting bachelor’s degree programs in1991，the college now enrolls2000undergraduates-an enrollment cap it committed to several years ago in an agreement with the student-rich city of Burlington.When it launched its bachelor's programs,this college long known for training secretaries and accountants,began to reinvent itself,earning respect for its enterprising spirit.The dominant ethos of Champlain—that“what works?”mentality—intensified when David Finney arrived from NYU in2005to become president. Finney quicklyinstituted what he calls a“three-dimensional education”program,an undergraduate curriculum consisting of interdisciplinary liberal-arts courses,a life-skills program,and training for a career.Believing that“American higher education has really lost its way with general-education courses,Finney told me that when he arrived in his new job,he decided to spend all of his“honeymoon capital”as new president to replace the “hodge-podge of courses”that formed the liberal-arts core.He assembled a faculty task force to design a revised core aiming to build habits of mind students will need“not just as they’re leaving here,”Finney says,“but over their lifetime.“A painstaking process of reinvention led to new core courses designed to help students develop global awareness and strengthen their analytical and reasoning abilities,critical reading skills,and writing proficiency.These courses have no tests.The work is heavily oriented toward writing.Classes consist mainly of discussion and project teamwork rather than lectures.Students and faculty are active learners together.A second component of Champlain's undergraduate education comes through its required“Life Experience and Action Dimension”program，which has two parts:(1)some real-world education,emphasizing financial literacy and sophistication(developing a budget,making sense of credit cards,understanding how employee benefits work and why they’re important，etc.)and job skills (marketing oneself，negotiating business contracts,and developing skills in interviewing,networking,etc.);and(2)a community-service element that puts students to work helping Burlington^needy and simultaneously broadeningcultural awareness and a sense of engaged citizenship,(from uWhat Would an Ideal College Look Like?A Lot Like This”）II.Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.(50points).且夫胸中无识之人，即终日勤于学，而亦无益，俗谚谓为『两脚书橱j。

2015年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)1. Bogor Goals【答案】茂物目标2. FTAAP【答案】亚太自由贸易协定/区（全称：Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific）3. zero-sum game【答案】零和博弈4. ALS【答案】自动着陆系统（全称：Automatic Landing System）5. NASA【答案】美国航空航天局（全称：National Aeronautics and Space Administration）6. genomic variation【答案】基因组变异7. ozone depletion8. sinology【答案】汉学9. bitcoin【答案】比特币10. UNCED【答案】联合国环境与发展会议（全称：United Nations Conference on Environment and Development）11. paparazzi【答案】狗仔队12. amino acid【答案】氨基酸13. digital divide【答案】数字鸿沟14. existentialism15. silver-spoon kids【答案】富二代II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each) 1. 十八届四中全会【答案】the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee2. 亚太经合组织【答案】APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation3. 互联互通【答案】interconnection and interworking4. 量化宽松政策【答案】quantitative easing policy5. 公使衔参赞【答案】minister-counselor6. 埃博拉病毒7. 自闭症【答案】Autism8. 防空识别区【答案】ADIZ: Air Defense Identification Zone9. 负面清单【答案】Negative List10. 房产税【答案】housing property tax11. 专利技术【答案】patented technology12. 和而不同【答案】harmony in diversity13. 地沟油【答案】swill-cooked dirty oil14. 真人秀【答案】reality show15. 逆袭【答案】counteroffensiveIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “actual landscape” of the world’s resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride”?Part of the explanation for that disappointing result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio+20-related World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing “law” in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement —certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But theongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development” that steadily intensifies humanappropriation of planetary resources.To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of “law,” one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources.【参考译文】1992年的里约会议标志着环境法达到了最高水平。

2005年3月21日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1.rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2 vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3.much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6.new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7.own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8. aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.2016One of America’s most important export is her modern music. __1__American popular music is playing all over the world. It is enjoyed __2__by people of all ages in all countries. Because the lyrics are English, __3__nevertheless people not speaking English enjoy it. The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.The music has many origins in the United States. Country music, coming from the suburban areas in the southern United States, is one __4__source. Country music features simple themes and melodies describing day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because the emotions expressed by country __5__music songs.A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It depicted __6__mostly sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is not popular with __7__all Americans. Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It is first known as rock-and- roll in the 1950’s. Since then there __8__have been many forms of rock music, hard rock, soft rock, punk rock, disco music and others. Many performers of popular rock music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed to a demanding audience. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sing __9__in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages. The wordsmay coincide but the enjoyment of the music is universal. __10__参考答案:1改export为exportsexport作可数名词时指出口商品,同时根据one of 结构也可以知道这里export要用复数结构.2 改playing为played动词play和句子主语American popular music是逻辑动宾关系,必须用被动语态.3 改Because为Though或者Although此句为让步状语从句.4 改suburban为rural这里属于词义用错,suburban为城市郊区,乡村音乐显然来自乡村地区.5 改because为because of6 改depicted为depicts本句错在时态.句意为“blues大多抒发哀伤情感,反映美国黑人的艰难生活.”为与全文主导时态一致,不能用过去时.此外,blues现在的风格依旧,故用现在时.7 将not去掉.8 改is为was此句有过去时间状语in the 1950’s, 陈述过去的一个事实,故用一般过去时态.9 改sing为sungsung 引导过去分词短语作宾语补足语,表被动意思.10 改coincide为differ(在may后加not也可以)此句含有连词but,整个句意含有转折语气.。

绝密★启用前2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

【B】1. What kind of music does the woman like?A. Classical music.B. Rock music.C. Country music.【A】2. Which sweater will the man take?A. The red one.B. The blue one.C. The yellow one.【A】3. How will the man pay?A. In cash.B. By credit card.C. By traveler’s cheque.【B】4. Where are the woman’s keys?A. In her pocket.B. On the floor.C. On the table.【C】5. What will the man probably do tonight?A. Read Chapter 4.B. Study in the library.C. Watch the football match.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

【C】6. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Travel agent and customer.B. Husband and wife.C. Boss and secretary.【A】7. When will the meetings end?A. At 3:00 pm.B. At 5:00 pm.C. At 6:30 pm.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

北外英汉同传2015年考研英汉互译真题一、英译汉1.“Millions of people belonging to national,ethnic,religious and linguistic minorities are trapped in a cycle of discrimination,exclusion,poverty and underdevelopment from which they cannot break free without targeted attention being given to their situations,”said UN Independent Expert on minority issues,during the presentation of her latest report to the Human Rights Council in Geneva.“Disadvantaged minorities should be among the first targets of development strategies,yet too often they have been among the last,”she insisted,challenging States and development actors to do more to ensure that the new post-2015development goals and strategies respond to the situation of the most deprived minorities.Her report singles out lack of attention to the situation of minorities as one of the most serious deficiencies of the Millennium Development Goals,a set of targets agreed by world leaders at the start of the new century to drastically diminish the number of people affected by a raft of poverty,health and development challenges by2015.“The rise of inequality has severely undermined the achievements in many States,”she warned.“Future development goals must include dedicated attention to minorities to contribute to closing the inequality gap.”2.Rapidly declining fertility–especially if rates go very low–does pose challenges.Yet it also can provide substantial benefits that have received less attention.First,as noted,fertility decline is associated nearly everywhere with greater rights and opportunities for women.The deferral of marriage and the reduction of births to two,one or none across so much of the world–and,again,in countries that are still far from rich–are broadly consistent with the higher educational attainment and career aspirations of young women.It is no surprise that the hand-wringers over fertility decline are usually men.Second,the workforces of societies with low-to-moderate fertility rates often achieve higher levels of productivity than do higher fertility societies.This is one reason China’s economicgrowth far outstripped India’s from1970to2010–a period when fertility declined rapidly in China(though only partly because of the one-child policy,now being relaxed),but did not decline as much in most of India.Third,by enhancing the employment and career experiences of young adults,lower fertility can also bring about greater social and political stability.High-fertility societies commonly produce large numbers of young adults who have trouble finding productive employment–many experts have attributed everything from terrorism to the Arab Spring to this“youthquake”of disaffected young adults in the Middle East and North Africa–but this begins to change20to30 years after fertility rates start to decline.Finally,lower fertility rates may gradually reduce the incentives that have led a surprisingly large number of governments to encourage the emigration of their own young citizens,both to find work and send home hard-currency savings,as well as to remove them from potential political activism at home.二、汉译英1.中国在加强本国文化建设的同时，希望扩大自己对外的文化影响和"软实力"。

2015年北京第二外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试《基础英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Grammar(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The back garden of our house contains a lawn _____ a paradise for our children.（分数：1.00）A.which is √B.which it isC.it isD.where it is解析：句意：我家的后花园有一片草坪，那是我们孩子玩耍的天堂。

which引导定语从句，代替先行词lawn在句中作主语。

2. _____ before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a SUCCESS.（分数：1.00）A.Though having never actedB.As he had never actedC.Despite he had never actedD.In spite of his never having acted √解析：句意：虽然他以前从未表演过，但他为业余剧团做的首次表演还是很成功。

in spite of 意为"尽管，虽然"，后接名词或名词性短语，引出状语。

选项A没有主语或逻辑主语，选项B是原因状语从句，选项C的despite不能引导状语从句，因为它是介词。

3.Our civilization cannot be thought of as _____ in a short period of time.（分数：1.00）A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been created √D.being created解析：句意：不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。

as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词， create的动作是过去发生的，所以选C。

2015年北京第二外国语学院英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Central Intelligence Agency正确答案：[美国]中央情报局2．A Tale of Two Cities正确答案：《双城记》3．National Basketball Association正确答案：美国职业篮球联赛4．Hubble Space Telescope正确答案：哈勃太空望远镜5．Charter of the United Nations正确答案：《联合国宪章》6．International Monetary Fund正确答案：国际货币基金组织7．General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade正确答案：关贸总协定8．Intellectual Property Rights正确答案：知识产权9．government procurement正确答案：政府采购10．most-favored-nation treatment正确答案：最惠国待遇11．bilateral arrangement正确答案：双边协议12．Global Positioning System正确答案：全球卫星定位系统13．American Commodities Exchange正确答案：美国商品交易所14．the Dow-Jones industrial average正确答案：道琼斯工业指数15．the United Nations Peace-keeping Forces 正确答案：联合国维和部队汉译英16．《诗经》正确答案：The Book of Songs17．直译正确答案：literal translation18．世界文化遗产正确答案：World Cultural Heritage19．动态对等正确答案：dynamic equivalence20．综合国力正确答案：comprehensive national strength21．中国工商银行正确答案：Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 22．国家外汇储备正确答案：state foreign exchange reserves23．扩大内需正确答案：expand domestic demand24．海峡两岸关系正确答案：cross-strait relation25．国家外汇管理局正确答案：State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE) 26．全国人民代表大会正确答案：National People’s Congress27．南水北调工程正确答案：South-North water diversion project28．农村剩余劳动力正确答案：surplus rural workers29．经济结构战略性调整正确答案：strategic adjustment of the economic structure 30．磁悬浮铁路正确答案：magnetic levitation railway英汉互译英译汉31．The Road to SuccessIt is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high. “ I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, “My place is at the top. “ Be king in your dreams.And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the most about it.正确答案：成功之道年轻人应该从头干起，从最底层的工作做起，这是件好事。

2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题词组翻译：1、Bogor Goals2、FTAAP3、zero-sum game4、ALS5、NASA6、genomic variation7、ozone depletion8、sinology9、bitcoin10、UNCED11、Paparazzi12、amino acid13、Digital divide14、Existentialism15、Silver-spoon kids1)十八届四中全会2)亚太经合组织3)互联互通4)量化宽松政策5)公使衔参赞6)埃博拉病毒资料来源：育明考研考博官网7)自闭症8)防空识别区9)负面清单10)房产税11)专利技术12)和而不同13)地沟油14)真人秀15)逆袭英译汉：关于环境立法之类的汉译英：孟子的“四端”《中庸》，恻隐之心，礼义廉耻之类的，价值观（四）英语主谓结构与汉语“主题+述题”结构对译由于英语句子总是主谓结构，而汉语句子更多的是“主题+述题”结构，所以将英语句子译成汉语时，往往可以译成“主题+述题”结构，特别是当相应的主谓结构有点拗口时。

例如：37）I knew nothing about it.这件事我一点儿都不知道。

试比较：我对这件事一点也不知道。

38）Can I read the book first?这本书我可以先看吗？试比较：我可以先看这本书吗？39）Somehow I doubt it.这我倒有点怀疑。

资料来源：育明考研考博官网试比较：我有点怀疑这个。

40）I’ve been wondering about something.原译：我一直纳闷某件事。

改译：有件事儿我一直很纳闷。

41）My son is using the car this morning and will be this afternoon.原译：我儿子今早一直在用汽车而且要用到下午。

（《中国翻译》1990年，第2期，第27页）改译：汽车我儿子上午在用，而且下午还要用。

2015年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Bogor Goals正确答案：茂物目标2．FTAAP正确答案：亚太自由贸易区(Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific)3．zero-sum game正确答案：零和博弈，零和游戏4．ALS正确答案：渐冻人症，肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)5．NASA正确答案：(美国)国家航空和航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)6．genomic variation正确答案：基因组变异7．ozone depletion正确答案：臭氧损耗8．sinology正确答案：汉学9．bitcoin正确答案：比特币10．UNCED正确答案：联合国环境与发展会议(United Nations Conference on Environment and Development)11．paparazzi正确答案：狗仔队12．amino acid正确答案：氨基酸13．digital divide正确答案：数字鸿沟14．existentialism正确答案：存在主义15．silver-spoon kids正确答案：富二代；富家子弟汉译英16．十八届四中全会正确答案：the Forth Plenary Session of Eighteenth CPC Central Committee17．亚太经合组织正确答案：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)18．互联互通正确答案：connectivity19．量化宽松政策正确答案：quantitative easing20．公使衔参赞正确答案：counsellor with the rank of minister/ minister-counsellor 21．埃博拉病毒正确答案：Ebola virus22．自闭症正确答案：autism/autistic disorder23．防空识别区正确答案：air defense identification zone24．负面清单正确答案：negative list25．房产税正确答案：property tax26．专利技术正确答案：patented technology27．和而不同正确答案：harmony in diversity28．地沟油正确答案：swill-cooked dirty oil29．真人秀正确答案：reality show30．逆袭正确答案：counterattack under unfavorable circumstances英汉互译英译汉31．The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the “actual landscape” of the world’s resources is still “slipping two steps backward for each forward stride?”Part of the explanation for that disappointment result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-related World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing “law” in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement—certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part of pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic “development”that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources.To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of “ law,” one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effectively stewardship of resources.正确答案：对环境法而言，1992年的里约会议是一个里程碑式的会议。

2015年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．value added tax(V AT)正确答案：增值税：增值税是以商品(含应税劳务)在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。

从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。

2．annual financial report正确答案：年度财务会计报告：年度财务会计报告是指年终对外提供的财务会计报告，通常将半年度、季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。

年度财务会计报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。

3．bull market正确答案：牛市，旺市：牛市，所谓“牛市”，也称多头市场，指市场行情普遍看涨，延续时间较长的大升市，和“熊市，淡市”相对。

4．law of diminishing marginal returns正确答案：边际收益递减规律：边际收益递减规律又称边际效益递减规律或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件(如技术水平)不变的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。

5．angel investment正确答案：天使投资：天使投资是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。

它是风险投资的一种形式，根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。

6．capital turnover正确答案：资本周转：资本周转指不断重复、周而复始的资本循环过程。

北外基础英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The teacher asked us to ________ a report on the novel we had read.A. turn inB. turn upC. turn downD. turn over答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ to the meeting on time.A. went throughB. went offC. went outD. went over答案：A3. The company is ________ a new product that will appeal to young people.A. launchingB. landingC. groundingD. standing答案：A4. She ________ her keys in the office, so she had to waituntil her husband came home.A. leftB. forgotC. lostD. misplaced答案：D5. The movie was so ________ that the audience couldn't help laughing.A. boringB. interestingC. funnyD. serious答案：C二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged. People can now buy almost anything from the comfort of their own homes. This convenience has led to a significant increase in the number of online transactions. However, with the riseof e-commerce, there has also been a corresponding increasein online fraud. Consumers need to be vigilant to protect themselves from scams.Questions:6. What is the main reason for the increase in online shopping?A. The convenience it offers.B. The variety of products available.C. The lower prices compared to physical stores.D. The ability to compare prices easily.答案：A7. What is a major concern associated with the growth of e-commerce?A. The environmental impact of packaging.B. The increase in online fraud.C. The loss of jobs in traditional retail.D. The decrease in the quality of customer service.答案：BPassage 2Biodiversity is crucial for the health of our planet. It ensures the balance of ecosystems and supports a wide range of life forms. However, human activities have led to the loss of biodiversity in many areas. Deforestation, pollution, and climate change are some of the factors contributing to this decline. It is essential that we take action to preserve our natural habitats and the species that depend on them.Questions:8. Why is biodiversity important?A. It helps maintain the balance of ecosystems.B. It provides resources for human use.C. It increases the beauty of natural landscapes.D. It supports the tourism industry.答案：A9. What are some of the factors causing the loss of biodiversity?A. Urbanization and overfishing.B. Deforestation and pollution.C. Pesticides and invasive species.D. Mining and climate change.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）In today's fast-paced world, it is more important than ever to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Many people find themselves 10. caught up in their careers, neglecting their personal lives and well-being. It is essential to 11. set boundaries and prioritize self-care to prevent burnout.10. A. oftenB. seldomC. rarelyD. never答案：A11. A. occasionallyB. frequentlyC. carefullyD. strictly答案：D四、翻译（共30分）将下列中文句子翻译成英文。

PART IV PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION[15MIN]The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a"^"sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash"/"and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen^art museum wants a new exhibit,(1)anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs(2)neverthem on the wall.When a natural history museumwants an exhibition it must often build it.(3)exhibit2015年改错真题1.Looked改为looking2.and改为butplimentary改为compliment4.it去掉5.very改为too6.which前加in7.specially改为especially或particular8.For改为about9.Aspect改为case10.去掉been2014年专八真题改错部分PART IV PROOFREADING&ERROR CORRECTIONThere is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition(SLA)emerged a s a distinctfield of research from the late1950s to early1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions(1)____________have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area:(2)____________Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same senseone acquires a first language?(3)____________What is the explanation for the fact adults have more difficulty(4)____________in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates people to acquire additional language?What is the role of the language teaching in the acquisition of(5)____________additional languages?What social-cultural factors,if any,are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all(6)____________the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common:The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do(7)____________so.Whether one labels it“learning”or“acquiring”an additionallanguage,it is an individual accomplishment or what is under(8)____________focus is the cognitive,psychological,and institutional status of anindividual.That is,the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving,what psychological factors play a role in the learning(9)____________or acquisition,and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.(10)____________1．语篇连贯与语义衔接。

2015年高考北京卷英语试题解析（精编版）（解析版）本试卷共16页，共150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）（略）第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是 D。

21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching.B.Caught.C.To catch.D.Catch【答案】C22.--Did you enjoy the party?--Yes,we___by our hosts.A.were treatedB.would be treated.C.treatedD.had treated【答案】A【解析】更多优质资料请关注公众号：诗酒叙华年23.The park was full of people,____themselves in the sunshine.A.having enjoyedB.enjoyedC.enjoyingD.to enjoy24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.A. whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（考试时间120分钟满分150分）本试卷共16页，共150分。

考试时长120分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaper.B. A magazine.C. A book.答案是A。

1. What kind of music does the woman like?A. Classical music.B. Rock music.C. Country music.2. Which sweater will the man take?A. The red one.B. The blue one.C. The yellow one.3. How will the man pay?A. In cash.B. By credit card.C. By traveler’s cheque.4. Where are the woman’s keys?A. In her pocket.B. On the floor.C. On the table.5. What will the man probably do tonight?A. Read Chapter 4.B. Study in the library.C. Watch the football match.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2015年北二外翻译硕士真题回忆北二外翻译硕士题和以往比改动比较大，以往的基英单选都是准专四级别的，词汇和阅读都是六级难度的，于是楼主最后基本上扔了专八词汇，结果一上考场发现前八题都不会...后八道也不会...就中间几道有把握，WTF！第一道单选还记得三个词：midiate，midicate，menace，我就认识第一个，结果选错了，剩下的基本都是这样拿四个长得非常像的词混在一起，本来都认识的一混起来就分不清了...阅读今年也改了，以往是九十年代六级原题，很简单，今年第一道有点小难，出来一查是05年专八原题，后三道简单到了无法形容的地步，也就初中阅读那水平吧。

写作很easy，背专八就是。

翻译基础就没啥说了，我觉得很简单，做完时还有两个小时，考场又没暖气，结果我无所事事的坐那挨冻了俩小时。

汉译英：中庸，音译，颐和园，目的语，不可再生能源，领土完整，货到付款，对外贸易经济合作部，洋务运动，中国国际广播电台（这个应该是CRI，我写成了CIR，每天听还写错，无颜），改革重点，转变政府职能，宪法修正案英译汉：EMS, Waterloo Bridge（这个我直译的，不知道给不给分），GNP, OPEC, minister counselor, ecological deterioration, international football federal, non-aligned movement, house of representives, IAEA, direct dial telephone, IQ, CAD, FBI. 其中我在这里缩写的在试卷上都展开了，所以很简单段落翻译今年也抽风了，以往汉译英是散文翻译，是我的强项，今年突然改成了一片科技文，楼主曾经在Lenovo实习过，所以更是我的强项，出来后找到了原文，贴给大家：过去一年里,数字化取得了长足的进展,数字时代距离我们越来越近.从某种意义上讲,我们在任何地方都可以看到数字时代的影子.在摄影方面,过去一年美国人共拍摄了20亿张数码照片,65%的家庭用上了数码相机.在互联网方面,全球互联网普及率越来越高,越来越多的活动开始通过网络进行,包括购买和销售、规划或创新等等.将Windows PC和其它设备连接在一起的互联网已经逐步成为人们日常生活的重要组成部分. 美国40%以上的家庭都拥有多台个人计算机,很多年轻人用于计算机的时间已经超过了电视.这无疑是一个巨大的变化.我们看到,移动设备一直保持着迅猛的增长势头,在PC市场所占比例越来越大.我们还看到,以Wi-Fi和3G为主的连接日益普及,用户在任何地方都可以访问需要的信息.这还只是“冰山的一角”,未来我们有望取得更大的进展.因为随着市场规模不断扩大,将有更多新兴公司跻身这一市场,大公司也将在这一领域投入更多研发预算.在不久的将来,我们可以工作得更好,也可以更好地工作.未来将会怎样,我们距离未来还有多远的距离?事实上,我们已经拥有了很多令人难以置信的新产品,它们就预示着未来.例如,数码相机的像素已经超过了600万;高分辨率的电视屏幕挂在墙上后就像是一幅画, 与传统电视屏幕简直是天壤之别;与此同时,电视已经可以连接到PC和游戏机,给我们带来了全新的体验和令人惊叹的视觉效果;网络带宽不断增大,传输高清晰信号已经不再是一个梦想;处理器已经进入64位时代, 而且完全兼容32位应用,不需要用户投入额外资金.英译汉已改了，以前是经济学人那种风格的新闻评论，今年改成了一篇人物志，是奥巴马关于曼德拉的演讲，同样还是很简单，我翻得很快，出来后和官方翻译一对比水平还是有差距的. 原文：It is hard to eulogize any man -- to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person -- their private joys and sorrows; the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminate someone’s soul. How much harder to do so for a giant of history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world. Born during World War I, far from the corridors of power, a boy raised herding cattle and tutored by the elders of his Thembu tribe, Madiba would emerge as the last great liberator of the 20th century. Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement -- a movement that at its start had little prospect for success. Like Dr. King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice. He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War. Emerging from prison, without the force of arms, he would -- like Abraham Lincoln -- hold his country together when it threatened to break apart. And like America’s Founding Fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations -- a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.Given the sweep of his life, the scope of his accomplishments, the adoration that he so rightly earned, it’s tempting I think to remember Nelson Mandela as an icon, smiling and serene, detached from the tawdry affairs of lesser men. But Madiba himself strongly resisted such a lifeless portrait. (Applause.) Instead, Madiba insisted on sharing with us his doubts and his fears; his miscalculations along with his victories. “I am not a saint,” he said, “unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”估计今年出百科的老师换人了，以往年年考的传统文化木有了，取而代之的是天文地理无所不有：离太阳最近的星球？爱神是？百年孤独的写作风格？东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔，这句诗的猪脚和作者生活的年代相差多少年？人体有多少块骨头？第一座长江大桥？药王是谁？滑铁卢和谁有关？世界上最大的贸易集团？最简单的有机化合物？命运交响曲是贝多芬的第几交响曲？刘三姐是哪个民族的？沙特的宗教是？南极臭氧空洞形成的原因？ballet 这个词哪国的外来语？这些纯粹是拼知识储备了，都能百度出来，其他的都是考场能分析的，就不说了。

北京外国语大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题（回忆版）专业一汉语基础现代汉语120分，古代汉语30 （时间为3小时，满分150分）一、常识填空题（16分，每空1分，共16个空）1、现代汉语包括_（1）_和民族共同语。

现代汉民族共同语是以_（2）_为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作作为语法规范的普通话。

2、汉语中双唇、不送气、清、塞音的汉语拼音字母是（3），舌尖中、送气、清、塞音是（4）。

3、语素是最小的（5）结合体，句子最大的特点是具有（6）。

5、义项是词的（7）的分项说明，词的义项中至少有一个最基本、最常用的，叫（8），其他的义项一般是由这个义项直接或间接地发展转化来的，叫（9）。

6、语法是语言的（10）， (11)二、名词解释（9分，共3题）1、音素2、义素3、主谓谓语句三、简答题（15分，共3题）1、“不”的变调的几种情况。

2、举例说明同形词和多义词的区别和联系。

3、什么是部件，合体字的部件和部件组合方式有哪些？举例说明。

四、汉语语言分析（共40分）1、修改病句并说明理由（10分，共5题）1)谢谢你们鼓掌，拍马屁我。

2)我找我的老师，老的男人。

3)今天我参观了高老师。

4)我见面我的朋友。

5)这个电视机他不买了，他嫌这个颜色。

2、刚和刚才的区别和联系（10分）3、g，k，h的发音特点和异同（10分）4、以李白的《静夜思》为例，分析韵和韵母和联系和区别（10分）五、汉语应用能力（70分）（一）辨音和标音能力（共15分）1.请给加线字注音（5分，每个0.5分，共10个）游说揶揄殷红熨帖龟裂噱头整饬作坊横财2.写出下面句子的拼音（10分，每个音节0.5分，共20个音节）国庆我想和朋友去广安玩儿。

（二）字形、字义辨别能力及汉字书写规范（共15分）1.改正下列词语中的错别字（8分，共8个）供献编缉相辅相呈民生凋蔽2.填空（7分，共7空）1)万的第二笔______2)区的第二笔______3)及的第二笔______（三）判断下列句子是否符合普通话规范的说法（共10分，每个1分，共10个，对的画勾，错的画叉）1)学生们一致同意授予他优秀教师的称号。