2019_2020学年高中英语Unit5ThepowerofnaturePeriodFourGrammar—Revisingthe_新人教版选修6

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Period Four Grammar—Revising the ­ing form

感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题

1．Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to

predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.

2．Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didn’t take

much notice.

3．Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty

as well as their potential to cause great damage.

4．Having swallowed the fruit，the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to

a handsome boy. - 2 -

1．在所有这4个句子中，现在分词短语都使用了完成式，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子的谓语动作发生。

2．在句1和句4中，分词短语作时间状语；在句2中，分词短语作原因状语；在句3中，分词短语作让步状语。

一、动词­ing形式的时态、语态及意义

动词 形式 意义

以do为例 一般式doing 主动式doing 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生

被动式being done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生

完成式having done 主动式having done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生

被动式having been

done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生

Edison left America，preferring to giving up his fortune.

爱迪生离开了美国，宁愿放弃他的财产。

Having finished my work，I went home.

工作做完之后，我就回家了。

Having been held back by the traffic jam，she couldn’t get there on time.

她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。 - 3 -

二、动词­ing形式作状语

动词­ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

1．时间状语

动词­ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生(动词­ing的完成时所表示的动作先于主句的动作)，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。

Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn’t help jumping.

听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。

Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations)，we are ready

for the examination.

做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。

2．原因状语

可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。

Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night.

由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。

Having lived in the city for many years(＝Since I had lived in the city many years)，I knew it well.

因为在这个城市住了许多年，所以我对它很了解。

3．条件状语

可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。

Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed.

如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

Not making good use of the time(＝Unless you make good use of the time)，you’ll regret.

如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。

4．结果状语

表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。

His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left

him a lot of money)．

他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

5．让步状语

可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。

Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage.

尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 - 4 -

Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind)，I still wanted to play.

尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。

6．方式或伴随状语

不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。

The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)．

女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。

He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for

a long time)．

他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很长时间。

三、动词­ing形式作状语的注意事项

1．逻辑主语

动词­ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。

Being ill，he didn’t attend the wedding.

因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)

2．独立结构

有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.­ing”。

She being ill，her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。

The meeting being over，we went to play football.

会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。

3．独立成分作状语

有些动词­ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：

generally speaking 一般说来

strictly speaking 严格说来

judging from/by 根据……来判断

considering.../taking...into consideration 考虑到

supposing 假设；如果

providing 如果

assuming 假使

Generally speaking，as a foreign language，Chinese is more difficult to learn than

English. - 5 -

一般说来，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语难学。

4．连词＋现在分词

由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。

Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university.

＝Though they lacked money，his parents managed to send him to university.

尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and

rewarding

experience.(2018·北京)

2．However，those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people

like their posts”，suggesting(suggest) a “need” for social recognition that gets

stronger the older they become.(2018·江苏)

3．For many，finding(find) an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be

a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑)．(2018·北京)

4．Removing(remove) him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make

about as much sense as the Louvre selling(sell) off the Mona Lisa.(2018·浙江)

5．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more

patients to be treated.(2017·天津)

6．Many Chinese brands，having developed(develop) their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏)