(完整word版)高中英语语法并列句讲解

高考英语第十章简单句并列句复合句知识精讲只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。

The old man lives in this village .（一个主语+一个谓语）Li Qing and Li Hui went there together.( 并列主语+一个谓语)She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.(一个主语+三个并列谓语)They are twins.（一个主语+连系动词+表语）She always keeps the room clean and tidy.(一个主语+一个谓语)英语简单句五种基本句型（一）:基本句型一: 主+系+表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound，hold, stay, stand（保持）等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go ,等属另一类,表示变化.其中be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. His face turned red.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.连系动词不用于被动语态（若用作行为动词除外）。

【正】The apple tastes sweet .这苹果尝起来很甜。

【误】The apple is tasted sweet.●作表语的一般不能是-ly结尾的副词，否则句子不能成立。

高考英语语法知识讲解一、并列句英语中，有一类连词，用来连接并列的句子或者成分，这些连词统一称为并列连词。

常见的单一并列连词：and, but, or, so......单一并列连词连接并列的成分：1.连接并列主语Tom and Mary are good friends.汤姆和玛丽是好朋友。

and连接并列的主语Tom和Mary。

2.连接并列谓语I watched TV and played basketball yesterday.我昨天看电视，打篮球了。

and连接并列的谓语watched和played。

3.连接并列宾语You can eat an apple or an orange.你可以吃一个苹果或橘子。

or连接并列的宾语an apple和an orange。

4.连接并列表语They are smart and beautiful.她们聪明且美丽。

and连接并列表语smart和beautiful。

5.连接并列定语The beautiful and smart girl is my sister.这个漂亮且聪明的女孩是我妹妹。

and连接并列定语beautiful和smart。

6.连接并列状语I walked into the classroom quickly and quietly.我悄悄地快速走进了教室。

and连接并列状语quickly和quietly。

7.连接并列补语He saw the thief enter the store and steal something.他看见这个小偷进入商店，偷了一些东西。

and连接并列补语enter the store 和steal something，都是补充说明宾语thief，所以是宾语补足语。

单一并列连词连接并列的句子：1.He didn't pass the exam and he felt disappointed.他没有通过考试，他感到很沮丧。

并列句的四种类型并列句定义：由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上独立的句子叫并列句,句子之间用连词或分号隔开.一、并列关系（递进关系）and， both。

.and, not only。

.。

but also， neither.。

. nor, when（就在那时）1.He helps me and I help him.2.He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English.3.I was just leaving when he stopped me.说明:when做这种用法时，主要用于下列句式：① was/were doing sth. when sb/sth. did② was/were about to do sth. when sb/sth. didwas/were on the point of doing sth。

when sb/sth. did③ had done sth。

when sb/sth. did二、选择关系：or(或者;否则）， or else (否则）， either...or , not。

.. but1。

Hurry up， or （else） you’ll be late. 2。

Was he still there or had he gone away？3. You must go early， otherwise you will miss the train。

4。

Either you follow my instructions or you leave here.三、转折关系：but, yet, still, while (but不与though或although连用,但yet可以)1。

She said she would be late， but she arrived on time.2. She looks very young， yet she is already in her 40s.四、因果关系:so， for (so 不与because连用)1。

高中英语知识点归纳并列连词的用法并列连词是高中英语中重要的语法知识点之一，它们可以用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语、句子或句子成分。

正确使用并列连词可以使文句紧凑连贯，增强表达的逻辑关系。

本文将对并列连词的用法进行归纳和总结，帮助高中学生更好地掌握这一知识点。

一、并列连词的基本用法1. and：表示并列关系，连接两个相同的成分。

例：I like reading and writing.I have a sister and a brother.2. but：表示转折或对比关系，连接意义相对的两个成分。

例：She is young but very talented.He is tired but happy.3. or：表示选择关系，连接意义相对的两个成分，表示其中的一个。

例：You can wear a black or white dress to the party.Do you want tea or coffee?二、并列连词的用法扩展1. both...and：表示两者都、既...又...例：Both Tom and Jane are good at playing basketball.He is both smart and kind.2. not only...but also：表示不仅...而且...例：She is not only beautiful but also intelligent.The book is not only interesting but also informative.3. either...or：表示二者选一，要么...要么...例：You can either study at home or go to the library. She can either cook dinner or order takeout.4. neither...nor：表示两者都不，既不...也不...例：Neither Tom nor his sister can swim.I neither like coffee nor tea.5. as well as：表示既...也...，除了...还...例：He speaks French as well as English.She plays the piano as well as the violin.6. for: 表示原因或解释，相当于because。

英语句子类型一、分类1）按照句式结构分为三种：简单句、并列句、复合句2)按照句子功能分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句第一节简单句一、定义：简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子，且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的。

二、分类：类型1:S + V。

该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词,后面不可接宾语，但可接状语或其他成分例：Nobody went out.The children are playing。

We study hard.类型2：S + V + O.该句型中的谓语为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，且只能接一个宾语。

例：We love our country。

The old woman looks after the baby carefully.He dreamed a terrible dream last night。

类型3：S + V + O（人） + O(物)该句型中的动词为双宾语动词，后面必须接两个宾语。

该类动词主要有：give， show, send, pass, lend, return, promise， owe； make, buy， do, fetch, paint, save， spare，find等例:He gave his sister the piano。

He gave the piano to his sister。

He bought his wife a coat.He bought a coat for his wife.类型4：S + V + O + C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语，且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态.例：I found the book easy。

The teacher told us to study hard.We heard him singing.类型5：S + L + P该句型中的L为系动词，后常接表语。

并列句概念两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

并列连词有：and,but,or,so等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。

它们之间用连词连结。

如：I like action movies but don't like thrillers.Hurry up or you'll be late. （快点，否则你要迟到了。

）and,or和but都是连词，在句中连接两个或两个以上的并列成分。

可连接两个词，两个短语，两个分句，但所连接的两个成分必须一致，绝不能一个是词，一个是句子。

如：I like red and orange.He isn't my brother or my friend.I like playing football and swimming.and 的意思是“和”，表示前后两个成分的并列或对称关系；or的意思是“或者”、“否则”、“要不然”，表示两个成分并列或选择关系；but 的意思是“但是”，表示两个成分之间的转折关系。

并列句中：1.表并列关系的由and,both...and,as well as,not only...but (also),neither...nor等组成。

She not only sings but also dance.2.表转折关系的与but,however（然而），while(然而），still,yet等连用。

The film is not perfect,still,it's good.3.表选择关系的由or,either...or...,not...but...,or else（否则）连接Take the chance,or else you will regret（后悔） it.4.表因果关系的与for,so/so that,therefore（因此),because等连用。

第十三章并列句要点概览◎并列句的分类○表示连接两个同等概念○表示选择○表示转折○表示因果○表示条件或结果◎并列句中的省略○省略主语○省略整个谓语或者谓语的主要部分○省略谓语中的助动词○省略谓语中的主要动词○省略宾语○省略状语知识讲解含有两个或更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子，叫做并列句。

换句话说，它是由两个或更多个并列的简单句构成的。

各分句靠连词和逗号、分号来连接，其基本结构为：分句+并列连词十分句。

在并列句中，常用的连接词有并列连词，如：and，but，or，while，for，so，neither，nor等，还有连接副词，如：still，yet，however，therefore(因此)，then等。

一些相当于连接词的词组，如：on the contrary(相反)，not only…but also(不仅……而且)等。

一、并列句的分类1．表示连接两个同等概念常用and，not only．．，but also，neither．．．nor，so等。

The teach er’s name is Smith，and the student’s is John. 老师的名字是史密斯，学生的名字是约翰。

Not only did the restaurant overcharge me，but they hadn’t served me well. 餐馆不仅要价太高，而且对我的服务也不周到。

Neither has he changed his mind，nor will he do so. 他既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。

Jim plays football and so does his brother. 吉姆踢足球，他的兄弟也踢足球。

when the bell rang．他正要说话时On one hand l have to work，on the Other hand，I have a great many visitors．一方面我得工作，另一方面我又有许多来访者。

Part 1：英语语法框架一·词法：词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。

英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数，格和性的形式变化；动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化；以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。

种类：1 名词：是人和事物的名称，如pen（钢笔）；English（英语），life（生活）。

2 代词：是用来代替名词的词，如we（我们），his（他的），all（全部）。

3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly（快），often（经常），very（很）。

4 数词：是表示“多少”和“第几”的词，如four（四），eighteen（十八），first（第一）5 形容词：用来修饰名词，如great（伟大的），honest（诚实的），difficult（困难的）。

6 动词: 表示动作和状态，如write（写），walk（行走），think（想）。

7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and（和），because（因为），if（假如）8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an（一个），the（这，那）。

9 介词: 表示名词（或代词）与句子里其它词的关系，如from（从），in（在…内），between（在…之间）。

10 感叹词: 表示感情，如oh（噢），aha（啊哈），hush（嘘）。

[注一]属于前六类（名、代、副、数、形、动等词）的词都有实义，叫做实词。

属于后四类（连、冠、介、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词。

[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类，如work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快，形容词和副词），since（自从；连词和介词）等。

构词法定义：构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。

掌握构词法有助于记忆单词，扩大词汇量。

英语单词看似海量，其实真正“原生态”的数量有限，而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。

如：Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类：英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生，合成和转化。

并列句和状从句解一句主 +1主 +Vt+ （构）2主 +Vt++3主 +Vt+ （ Sb） +（ Sb） (双 )4主 +Vi5主 +Vi+ 介 +（介）6主 +系 +表（系表构）二并列句1表示2表示3表示折4表示因果三复合句1定从句2名性从句：主从句、从句、表从句、同位从句3状从句：、地点、原因、目的、果、条件、步、方式、比一并列句1表示： and, not only⋯ but also ⋯ ,neither ⋯ nor ⋯ ,not ⋯ but ⋯2表示： or, either⋯ or ⋯ ,otherwise就近原： Neither he nor I am living here.Either he or I am living here.3表示折： but, yet, whereas, while4表示因果： so, as, for, because, since, now that二状从句1状从句(1)when, while, as(2)as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner⋯than⋯ ,hardly/scarcely⋯when⋯The moment/Immediately I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.Hardly had we got home when it began to rain.)(3)till, until, not 部⋯分倒until(装，句 I didn ’t know about it until you told me.Not until you told me did I know about it.It was not until you told me that I knew about it.(4)since, before(5)every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time+句子2条件状从句If, unless, if ⋯ not ⋯so, long as, as long as, on condition that, in the event that, suppose/supposing that, provided/providing that3步状从句(1)although, though, even though, even if(2)no matter+ 疑，疑 +ever(3)while, when(4) as4地点状从句Where, wherever, everywhere, nowhere5方式状从句as, as if, as though6果状从句(1)so that, so(2)enough to⋯ that⋯ , too⋯ , such⋯与thatsuch⋯的(so区)⋯ to ⋯ , so（⋯与 ascanto’ t, couldn’ t ,can never, could never用）7目的状从句8原因状从句(1)because, since, as, for(2)when, considering that9比状从句than, so/as⋯as⋯ ,比the+，the+比重要的辨析1as 做，引、步、方式、原因和定从句He hurried home, looking behind as he went. （）You will grow wiser as you grow older.（）Fail as I might, I still want to attempt it.（步）Child as he is, he can lift such a heavy box.（步）Little as he is, he can lift such a heavy box.（步）Do as you are told to, or you’（ll方be式fired）.As it’ s getting darker, we must go home now（.原因）He is not the same man as he was.（定从句）He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. （定从句）She is late, as is often the case. （定从句）while引、步、折并列句Please don’ t talk so loud while others are working.they’cantagree’ thatbe solved.While I admit that there are problems, I donSome men are rich, while others are poor.状从句中的倒装Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.Not until you told me did I know about it.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.Hardly had we got home when it began to rain.So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the problems.Such a clever student was he that he was able to work out all the problems.though “ 然” 步状从句Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.Child as/ though he is, he can lift such a heavy box.副“可是可是”句末’ t, though.He said he would come, hedidn so 和 such1 so honest a worker= such an honest worker2 修复数可数名和不可以数名只能用such fine weather/such difficult problems3 表示数量的:little, few, many, muchso little money/ so many books4 little ：so little a boy= such a little boytoo⋯to⋯ , enough to 与can⋯’ t, couldn’ t ,can never, could never用，越⋯⋯越好You can ’ t be too careful when crossing ethstreet.You can never be careful enough when crossing street.。