考研英语语法

定语从句练习题1. The settlers were unprepared for the long and patient toil ____ the soil would be made to yield crops.[A] by which alone [B] so that [C] because [D] though2. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.[A] that are [B] as are [C] which is [D] it is3. The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments ____ the pictures speak for themselves.[A] if [B] when [C] which [D] as4. Children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could go penniless by next year.[A] the larger one [B] the larger of which[C] the largest one [D] the largest of which6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least.[A] of which [B] for what [C] as [D] whose7. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public mind today.[A] exists [B] exist [C] existing [D] existed8. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his argument in favor of the new theory.[A] which to base on [B] on which to base[C] to base on which [D] which to be based on9. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.[A] What [B] That [C] It [D] As10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world.[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is11. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ____ twenty years ago.[A] about [B] since [C] till [D] with12. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____ contributes to his success in later life.[A] which [B] therefore [C] who [D] so that13. The minister was the person ____.[A] in whose honor the state dinner was given [B] whom the state dinner was given in honor[C] for him the state dinner was given honor [D] whose honor the state dinner was given14. This is an exciting area of study, and one ____ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.[A] from [B] by [C] in [D] through15. ____ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of thepatient in the modification of his condition.[A] As [B] What [C] That [D] It16. He had more dictionaries than ____ for his work.[A] they are needed [B] were necessary[C] it was needed [D] necessary were they17. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ____ in traditional media.[A] exist [B] exists [C] existing [D] to exist18. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established ____ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.[A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless19. ____ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What’s need is a package deal.”[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus20. The Great Wall is the place ____ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.[A] where [B] which [C] of which [D] in which名词从句练习题21. In actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ____ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.[A] What little [B] So much [C] How much [D] So little22. Prof. Lee’s book will show you ____ can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed [B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed [D] how what you have observed23. I will give this dictionary to ____ wants to have it.[A] whomever [B] someone [C] whoever [D] anyone24. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.[A] that [B] it [C] what [D] which25. Although ____ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.[A] which [B] what [C] how [D] it26. ____ is no reason for discharging her.[A] Because she was a few minutes late [B] Owing to a few minutes being late[C] The fact that she was a few minutes late [D] Being a few minutes late27. Concerns were raised ____ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that28. ____our team seems to lack at the moment is the determination ____ it will win.[A] Whatever; that [B] What; that[C] That; whether [D] Whether; that29. It’s doubtful ____ the government of that country can accept them as permanent residents.[A] whether [B] that [C] how [D] what30. You may rely on ____ everything will be ready by Monday.[A] that [B] what [C] which [D] it that状语从句练习题31. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ____ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.[A] as [B] which [C] that [D] what32. Give me your telephone number ____ I need your help.[A] whether [B] unless [C] so that [D] in case33. ____ born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York city.[A] Although [B] Since [C] As [D] When34. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been establishment.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing35. We are extremely sensitive to smells, ____ we do not generally realize it.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.[A] so that [B] but that [C] in that [D] provided that37. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ____ she could remember who last borrowed it.[A] ever since [B] much as [C] even though [D] if only38. ____industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower is booming.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since39. ____ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that40. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes toclassroom tests.[A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when41. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter ____ he does.[A] how [B] where [C] what [D] when42. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don’t mind taking the night train.[A] provided [B] unless [C] though [D] until43. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ____ the expenses have risen.[A] even though [B] just because [C] now that [D] as though44. It is ____ that we’ll have to be very careful.[A] a so big work [B] a so big job [C] such a big job [D] such a big work45. ____ it is you’ve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to.[A] That [B] Because [C] Whatever [D] However46. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework ____ hard she tries.[A] for [B] as [C] how [D] however47. ____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.[A] For now [B] Since that [C] Now that [D] By now48. ____the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that49. On a raining day I was driving north through Vermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.[A] which [B] where [C] when [D] that50. The draft bill will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case ____ a trial begins.[A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as51. ____they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious.[A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because52. A variety of activities should be organized ____ participants can remain active as long as they want.[A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if53. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive ____ avoiding market cycles.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas倒装、强调和省略结构练习题1. ____ will Bill be able to impress his boss.[A] With hard work [B] By hard work[C] Only with hard work [D] Through hard work2. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ____ write correctly.[A] you will [B] you can [C] can you [D] can’t you3. Humble ____ it may be, there’s no place like home, where he may go.[A] although [B] as [C] how [D] which4. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____ a sudden loud noise.[A] being there [B] should there be[C] there was [D] there having been5. The business of each day, ____ sellin goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose [B] would have lost[C] might lose [D] ought to have lost7. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.[A] as it is [B] the same as [C] so is [D] and so is8. ____ do we go for picnic.[A] Certainly [B] Sometimes [C] Seldom [D] Once9. Vitamins do not provide energy, ____ do they construct or build any part of the body.[A] either [B] so [C] nor [D] never10. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.[A] Had it not been [B] Were it not[C] Be it not [D] Should it not be11. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ____ come to a sound conclusion.[A] can you [B] would you [C] you will [D] you can12. Wood does not conduct electricity; ____.[A] so doesn’t rubber [B] also doesn’t rubber[C] nor does rubber [D] nor rubber doesl3. So involved with their computers ____ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.[A] became the children [B] become the children[C] had the children become [D] do the children become14. Church, as we use the word, refers to all religious institutions, ____ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.[A] be [B] being [C] were [D] are15. “____ during the performance of this trick, ladies and gentleman, do my hands actually leave my arms.” said the magician.[A] On time [B] In no time [C] At no time [D] At times16. ____, I still enjoy driving even after my accident.[A] It may seem strange though [B] Strange though it may seem[C] Though strange it may seem [D] Strange it may seem thoughl7. In vain ____ to discover what had happened before they got there.[A] did they try [B] they tried [C] tried they [D] they had tried18. So fast ____ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.[A] light travels [B] travels light[C] does light travel [D] do light travel19. Not until ____ himself seriously ill.[A] did he complete the task he had found [B] had he completed the task did he find[C] he completed the task had he found [D] he had completed the task did he find20. Little ____ his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.[A] did we think [B] we think [C] we did think [D] we thought虚拟语气练习题21. If I were in the movie, then it would be about time that I ____ my head in my hands for a cry.[A] bury [B] am burying [C] buried [D] would bury22. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ____ in the home.[A] worked [B] would work [C] work [D] were working23. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week.[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was24. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ ina religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed25. A safety analysis ____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.[A] would identify [B] will identify[C] would have identified [D] will have identified26. I apologize if I ____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.[A] offend [B] had offended[C] should have offended [D] might have offended27. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.[A] shouldn’t contact [B] didn’t contact[C] weren’t to contact [D] hadn’t contacted28. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.[A] had to be printed [B] should have been printed[C] must be printed [D] should be printed29. If the doctor had been available, the child ____.[A] would not die [B] would not have died[C] could not die [D] had not died30. Nothing terrible has happened—because we should certainly have been informed of it if it __.[A] should happen [B] happen [C] would happed [D] had happened31. But that he ____ short of money at the time he would have come to help us.[A] had been [B] was [C] has been [D] would be32. Mike’s uncle insists ____ in this hotel.[A] staying not [B] not to stay[C] that he would not stay [D] that he not stay33. Look at the terrible situation I am in. If only I ____ your advice.[A] follow [B] had followed [C] would follow [D] have followed34. If you had worked hard before, you ____ worried about the coming examination now.[A] would not be [B] would not have been[C] are not [D] will not be35. But for the traffic jam, we ____ earlier.[A] should arrive [B] should have arrived[C] shall arrive [D] have arrived36. When he was asked why his friend had not accepted the offer, he suggested that his friend’s pride ____ him from accepting.[A] prevents [B] prevented [C] prevent [D] should prevent37. I didn’t go to the cinema to see The Titanic yesterday, but I do wish I ____it.[A] see [B] have seen [C] saw [D] had seen38. She wishes that she ____ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.[A] studied [B] would study[C] would have studied [D] had studied39. I don’t know what courses I’m going to do next semester, but it’s about time ____ on something.[A] I’d decide [B] I decided [C] I decide [D] I’m deciding40. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.[A] is not started [B] will not be started[C] not be started [D] is not to be started词组练习题1. They have decided to ________ physical punishment in all local schools.A) put away B) break away from C) do away with D) pass away2. Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.A) drawing on B) drawing in C) drawing up D) drawing down3. She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the c ompany’s client data, which she intended to ________ in starting her own business.A) dwell on B) come upon C) base on D) draw upon4. The high school my daughter studies in is ________ our university.A) linked by B) affiliated with C) mingled with D) relevant to5. While fashion is thought of usually ________ clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain.A) in relation to B) in proportion to C) by means of D) on behalf of6. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ________ into fragments.A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up7. The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to8. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ________ when it arrived in New York.A) go off B) get off C) come off D) carry off9. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.A) in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of10. David likes country life and has decided to ________ farming.A) go in for B) go back on C) go through with D) go along with11. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ________.A) put him through B) turned him out C) cut him short D) gave him up12. The politician says he will ________ the welfare of the people.A) prey on B) take on C) get at D) see to13. If you ________ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.A) take off B) keep off C) get off D) set off14. Though ________ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.A) by no means B) by some means C) by all means D) by any means15. Advanced computer technology has ________ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.A) set up B) come up with C) filled with D) faced up to16. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ________ the nurse Florence Nightingale.A) in line with B) in favour of C) in honour of D) in place of17. When Jack was eighteen he ________ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.A) took to B) took for C) took up D) took on18. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ________ all the toys they had taken out.A) put off B) put out C) put up D) put away19. Julie is one of those women who always ________ the latest fashions.A) look after B) keep up with C) go in for D) run for20. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ________ mathematics, he is the best in the class.A) comes to B) comes up to C) comes on to D) comes around to21. Those who lie and cheat will never ________ it.A) get on with B) get back to C) get away with D) get off with22. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A) gone on B) gone in for C) gone with D) gone through with23. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary ________ too much work last week.A) take to B) take out C) take away D) take on24. We are quite sure that we can ________ our present difficulties and finish the task according to schedule.A) get across B) get over C) get away D) get off25. The news has just ________ that the president is going to visit China next month.A) come out B) come up C) come down D) come about词汇练习题1. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ________.A) obscure B) upsetting C) distant D) inferior2. I was ________ by their kindness and moved to tears.A) preoccupied B) embarrassed C) overwhelmed D) counseled3. The person who ________ this type of research deserves our praise.A) originated B) manufactured C) generated D) estimated4. He believed that the greatest of hi s ________ was that he’d never had a college education.A) grieves B) misfortunes C) disasters D) sorrows5. As a ________ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A) flexible B) versatile C) sophisticated D) productive6. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ________ majority are inactive.A) tremendous B) demanding C) intensive D) overwhelming7. Although most dreams apparently happen ________, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A) spontaneously B) simultaneously C) homogeneously D) instantaneously8. This kind of material can ________ heat and moisture.A) delete B) compel C) constrain D) repel9. Although he was on a diet, the food ________ him enormously.A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged10. Some fish have a greater ________ for acid water than others.A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence11. This is the ________ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A) true B) original C) real D) genuine12. Since the two countries couldn’t ________ their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.A) rectify B) oblige C) reconcile D) obscure13. Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some ________ mistakes in grammar.A) obscure B) glaring C) trivial D) rare14. Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s ________ flaws.A) underlining B) vulnerable C) vulgar D) underlying15. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ________ in tropical countries.A) prospective B) prevalent C) provocative D) perpetual16. The cultures of China and Japan hare shared many features, but each has used them according to its national ________.A) engagement B) destiny C) capacity D) temperament17. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ________ to those who compete well.A) prestige B) regime C) superiority D) legislation18. Starting with the ________ that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument.A) foundation B) pretext C) premise D) presentation19. The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ________ such as colored lights and glass balls.A) luxuries B) ornaments C) exhibits D) complements20. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly ________ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.A) subjective B) subordinate C) liable D) vulnerable21. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A) skeptical B) faithful C) obedient D) subsidiary22. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A) prestige B) superiority C) priority D) publicity23. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ________.A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry24. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ________ them as soon as possible.A) rectify B) reclaim C) refrain D) reckon25. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.A) skeptical B) stationary C) spacious D) specific26. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ________ in any way.A) intervened B) incurred C) provoked D) poked27. As the trial went on, the story behind the murder slowly ________ itself.A) convicted B) released C) haunted D) unfolded28. Retirement is obviously a very complex ________ period; and the earlier you start planning for it, the better.A) transformation B) transmission C) transaction D) transition29. We work to make money, but it’s a ________ that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.A) paradox B) prejudice C) dilemma D) conflict30. A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ________ interaction with proficient speakers of English.A) instantaneous B) provocative C) verbal D) dual31. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ________ with each other.A) negotiated B) reconciled C) associated D) accommodated32. There are occasions when giving a gift ________ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.A) overtakes B) nourishes C) surpasses D) enforces33. Coffee is the ________ of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.A) elite B) majority C) spice D) staple34. The boxer ________ and almost fell when his opponent hit him.A) scattered B) shattered C) staggered D) stamped35. A ________ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.A) slack B) tedious C) timid D) suspicious36. Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly ________ will receive a bonus.A) portion B) allocation C) ratio D) quota37. He could not ________ ignorance as his excuse; he should have known what was happening in his department.A) plead B) resort C) petition D) reproach38. Without any hesitation, she took off her shoes, ________ up her skirt and splashed across the stream.A) tucked B) revolved C) twisted D) curled39. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bones become denser and less ________ to injury.A) attached B) prone C) immune D) reconciled40. Optimism is a ________ shown to be associated with good physical health, less depression and longer life.A) trail B) trait C) trace D) track41. He was given major responsibility for operating the remote manipulator to ________ the newly launched satellite.A) retreat B) retrieve C) embody D) embrace42. An effort was launched recently to create the first computer ________ of the entire human brain.A) repetition B) repression C) saturation D) simulation43. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many ________ references.A) obscure B) acute C) notable D) objective44. Foreign students are facing unprecedented delays, as visa applications receive closer ________ than ever.A) appraisal B) scanning C) retention D) scrutiny45. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ________ the world with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.A) inhibited B) extinguished C) quenched D) stunned定语从句题目解析1. 正确答案为A项。

考研英语语法关系代词详解附译文指人的关系代词：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：(1) 作主语(who, that )Those who are going to play in the match are to meetat the gate at 1:30 after lunch.那些参加比赛的人午饭后1：30在大门口集合。

在本句中，先行词是those;关系代词who引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词are going to play 的主语。

The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famousdoctor. 正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。

在本句中，先行词是the man; 关系代词who/that引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。

这个复合句可以还原成两个句子：The man is a famous doctor. He istalking with Mr. Wang.(2) 作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。

此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;This is just the man (whom/that) I want for the job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。

在本句中，先行词是the man；关系代词whom/that引导定语从句，同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。

Is he the manager (whom/that) you are looking for?他是你在找的那位经理吗?(3) 当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时，不能用that，也不能省略，如：The book from which I got a lot of usefulinformation was written by a famous scientist.我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。

考研英语语法考点详解连词辨析（because,since,as和for）because、since、as和for均可表示“原因”，其中because、since 和as均为从属连词，用于引导原因状语从句，而for为并列连词，用于连接并列句。

1.从属连词because强调直接原因，所指原因通常是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的，语气最强，通常置于主句后，用于回答why引出的问题。

because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。

例如：•I prefer classical music because it makes me feel relaxed.我更喜欢古典音乐，因为它令我感到放松。

•It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. 阅读是作者和读者之间的一种给予与索取，因此它与当下以及一个人对当下的贡献有关。

2.从属连词since语气较because弱，常表示已知的、显然的理由，常译为“既然”。

since引导的从句通常置于主句之前，重点强调主句的内容，相当于now (that)。

例如：•Since you have repaired my TV set, there is no need for me to buy a new one. 既然你把我的电视机修好了，我就没有必要买新的了。

•We thought that, since we were in the area, we’d stop by and see them. 我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他们。

3.从属连词as引导原因状语从句时，表示双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，用法与since大致相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式。

例如：•I don’t enjoy watching TV with my brother as he always switches over to the programs that he wants to watch. 我不喜欢和我弟弟一起看电视，因为他总是切换到他想看的节目。

一、主从结构译为并列结构例1：The police are concerned for the safety of the 12-year-old boy who hasbeen missing for three days.那个12岁的男孩失踪三天了，警方对他的安全感到担忧。

例2：Each of London’s districts had a distinct character that marked it offfrom its neighbours.伦敦的每个区都有鲜明的特征，与邻近地区不同。

例1的译文用了两个主谓结构，也可以说是两个并列短句。

若译作“警方对那个已失踪三天的12岁男孩的安全感到担忧”，异文就因定语太长而不顺了。

例2的译文用了一个主语带两个并列的谓语。

总之，这两个例子，原文是主从结构，而译文是并列结构。

这也正是英汉两种语言在句子结构方面最大的区别。

二、分词作定语译为两个主谓分句例3：Police investigating the train derailment have not ruled outsabotage.警方调查火车出轨事件，没有排除人为破坏的可能。

例4：Any event attended by the actor received widespread media coverage.这位演员参加任何一项活动，媒体都作了广泛报道。

例3和例4，原文各有一个分词短语作定语：investigating……和attended by ……。

例3的译文用了一个主语带两个并列谓语，例4的译文用了两个主谓结构。

译文中没有出现“调查火车出轨事件的警方”之类的话。

三、不定式短语做定语译为连动谓语例5：He was the only one to speak out against the decision.只有他站出来反对那项决定。

例6：He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician.他渴望有机会与著名音乐家一起工作的念头已经由来已久了。

2024年考研英语一语法与结构题目详解与答案在2024年的考研英语一试题中，语法与结构部分一直都是考生们备考重点的内容之一。

本文将对2024年考研英语一中的语法与结构题目进行详解并附上答案，帮助考生们更好地理解和应对这一部分内容。

一、单项选择题1. — Have you met our new English teacher, Ms. Brown?— Not yet, but I ____ from my classmates that she is a talented and experienced educator.A. hearB. heardC. will hearD. am hearing答案：B. heard解析：根据句子的时态，表示的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。

hear表示听到，故选B。

2. The library, together with the classrooms, ____ being painted by the workers now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案：A. is解析：根据句子的主语the library和together with the classrooms可知，主语是单数，所以用is。

3. This is the place ____ we used to play basketball when we were children.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. when答案：B. where解析：where引导定语从句，修饰place，表示地点，故选B。

二、填空题4. By the time I arrived at the station, the train ______.答案：had left解析：根据句子的时态，表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的事情，所以用过去完成时。

leave表示离开，故选had left。

考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词，副词，介词短语，分词，不定式等，在句子中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或者并列句。

它有以下三个特点与一个功能：【特点】（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

（2）名词或代词和后面的形容词，副词，介词短语，分词，不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

（3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间不能使用连词。

二、使用独立主格结构的注意事项(1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。

如：After class was over (=Class being over/Class over) , the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。

(2) 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：a. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。

如：It being Sunday, we went to church. 因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。

b. 在There being＋名词的结构中。

如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

(3) 在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。

如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. 史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。

(比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. )(4) 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。

如：The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。

三大从句一、定语从句定语从句，简言之，就是用来做定语的句子，即用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。

这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面，所以我们称之为先行词。

而引导定语从句的连词，叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.（一）定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。

只有正确找出先行词，才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分，才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系，分清句子结构，从而正确理解句子。

1. 一个词（通常是名词，也可以是代词）For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.2. 一个短语During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.3. 一个从句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.4. 一个完整的句子As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of this condition.They are invited to the state banquet, which was a great honor to them.（二）引导定语从句的关系词1.It is about YOU, and how you performed and what you accomplished in those past jobs –especially those accomplishments that are most relevant to the work you want to do next.She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to draw upon in starting her own business.At the same time, the American Law Institute – a group of judges, lawyers and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight – issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.dream, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.（三）定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句，它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词，而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分。

考研英语语法非限定动词（3）动词最重要简单句（5种基本句型）限定动词并列句名词性从句（4）长难句分析复合句定语从句（5）状语从句（6）时态（1）被动（2）It（7）：做先行代词的用法在强调结构中的用法倒装（8）：if 在虚拟结构中的条件从句Only或否定词提前As 或 however在前的让步状语从句比较级句子：跟句子、短语等"---" （9）在句中的意义：解释说明和插入（不影响句子本身结构）带"-"的形容词（10）五种基本句型：最基本的，有助于分析句子结构，理解长难句。

1、动词时态：在英语中，不同时间一不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。

在时间上分为四大类---现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时；在行为上又分为四种---一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。

考研中常用到的有一定难度的：过去进行时、过去将来时（would 表过去习惯动作）、现在完成时、现在完成进行时等。

现在完成时（表示动作或状况发生在现在以前的某个未经明确指出的过去时间内，目前已经完成或结束，给现在造成了影响；或者这个动作至今还未完成，可能继续下去也可能停止）He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.（08）现在完成进行时(表示由过去某时开始或发生至今仍将继续进行或刚刚结束的动作；重复发生的动作)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education.(09)2、被动语态：当主语是动作的承受者时，动词要用被动语态，只有及物动词才有被动语态；由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成，它的时态由be动词的变化体现。

考研英语语法虽然语法在研究生英语考试中不再单独考察，但是语法学问贯穿在整个英语考卷中。

完型填空题会直接考查语法学问，阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备肯定的语法学问才能正确分析，作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法学问。

所以说，语法学问是英语学习的基础。

一、从一本语法书开始打基础有许多同学知道自己的语法基础不好，甚至连一个句子中的状语，定语成分都分不清楚，也不大懂状语从句，定语从句等。

类似这种情况的同学有许多，基本上对语法处于半罐子的阶段，不知完全不懂，又有不是完全懂。

那么，对于这种状况，我们建议，这样的同学可以选择一本基础的语法书从头开始系统地复习一遍，然后找一本与考研相关的语法书看看，系统讲解的同时还有历年真题和例句分析的，同时通过做题巩固所学的语法学问。

二、将语法同题目结合来复习大部分的同学都会觉得语法学问比较枯燥，并且好多语法学问看起来比较面熟，觉得自己对这部分语法学问了解的差不多了，就不太同意再看语法书。

对于这些同学来说假如单纯的看语法书，那肯定会很枯燥，学习效果也不好，所以大家可以将语法跟题目结合起来复习效果会好一些，并且可以通过做题检查对语法学问的把握情况。

现在研究生考试中没有单纯考语法的题目，而是将语法学问融入完型填空、阅读理解、英译汉等中考查。

建议你结合做题看书，就是先看语法书，然后做相应的题目巩固语法学问。

假如题目做的不是很好，你就会有动力连续看书，假如题目做的好，就说明你对这部分语法学问把握的不错。

看语法书的同时要对基本的语法学问进行整理，形成一个体系，也要对一些特别的语法现象进行归纳，要手眼并用，不能只看不动手。

另外，语法复习重在语法现象本身，而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。

三、了解自己语法水平针对复习复习语法的目的是读懂文章做对题目，英语成果好的同学确定语法基础也不差，并且能熟练地将语法学问应用到阅读、做题中。

英语成果不好的同学可能是语法基础不扎实，也可能是囫囵吞枣，对语法学问一知半解，不能很好的应用到阅读和做题中。

考研英语语法重难点解析大家好，考研英语一直是很多同学们心中的一座大山，尤其是在语法这一块。

今天，我们就来一起揭开考研英语语法中的重难点，希望可以对大家有所帮助。

一、名词复数形式名词的复数形式是英语语法中的一个基础知识点，但也是一个容易被忽视的地方。

一般情况下，名词变成复数形式的规则有很多种，比如直接在词尾加s，如book变为books；以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加es，如box变为boxes；以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，如city变为cities等等。

记住这些规则，能够帮助我们更准确地使用名词的复数形式。

二、动词时态动词时态在考研英语中也是一个重点，特别是现在完成时、过去完成时等比较复杂的时态。

要注意时态的一致性，尤其是在句子中多个动词出现时，要确保它们的时态一致。

要注意使用适当的时间状语来辅助说明动作发生的时间点，使句子更加清晰和准确。

三、定语从句定语从句作为英语语法中的一个难点，经常考察学生对句子结构的理解和运用能力。

在定语从句中，需要注意关系代词的使用，如关系代词who,which,that等的区分以及在句子中的合理运用。

定语从句的位置和形式也需要根据具体的情况来灵活运用，避免句子结构过于复杂和拖沓。

四、虚拟语气虚拟语气是考研英语中一个较为抽象的语法现象，但却是一个颇具分量的难点。

虚拟语气通常用来表达一种假设、愿望、建议等，要根据上下文来判断句子中是否需要使用虚拟语气，并正确运用虚拟语气的各种形式，如与过去事实相反、与现在事实相反、与将来事实相反等情况。

五、固定搭配及短语在考研英语中，固定搭配和短语的运用也是一个需要重点关注的方面。

不同的固定搭配和短语往往有着特定的含义和用法，掌握这些固定搭配和短语能够让我们的表达更加地道和流畅，同时也可以提高文章的得分率。

考研英语语法的重难点在于名词复数形式、动词时态、定语从句、虚拟语气以及固定搭配及短语的运用。

在备考过程中，我们需要注意细节，多加练习，相信只要我们努力，一定能够取得理想的成绩！在备考过程中，多多练习是关键，加油！。