光电传感器TCRT5000(L)说明手册_电路实验

光电传感器选型要素有哪些？①结构类型：放大器分离型、放大器内藏型等②检测方式：对射型、回归反射型、扩散反射型等③工作电源：直流、交流、交直流通用（E3JK/E3JM，E3G系列）④检测距离：详见各产品样本资料⑤检测物体：外形、大小、颜色⑥控制输出：晶体管输出、继电器输出等⑦连接方式：导线引出型、接插件式⑧其它功能：延时功能、计数器功能等⑨附件：狭缝、反射板、安装配件等驱动方式由于自激蜂鸣器是直流电压驱动的，不需要利用交流信号进行驱动，只需对驱动口输出驱动电平并通过三极管放大驱动电流就能使蜂鸣器发出声音，很简单，这里就不对自激蜂鸣器进行说明了。

这里只对必须用1/2duty 的方波信号进行驱动的他激蜂鸣器进行说明。

单片机驱动他激蜂鸣器的方式有两种：一种是PWM 输出口直接驱动，另一种是利用I/O 定时翻转电平产生驱动波形对蜂鸣器进行驱动。

PWM 输出口直接驱动是利用PWM 输出口本身可以输出一定的方波来直接驱动蜂鸣器。

在单片机的软件设置中有几个系统寄存器是用来设置PWM 口的输出的，可以设置占空比、周期等等，通过设置这些寄存器产生符合蜂鸣器要求的频率的波形之后，只要打开PWM 输出，PWM 输出口就能输出该频率的方波，这个时候利用这个波形就可以驱动蜂鸣器了。

比如频率为2000Hz 的蜂鸣器的驱动，可以知道周期为500μs，这样只需要把PWM 的周期设置为500μs，占空比电平设置为250μs，就能产生一个频率为2000Hz 的方波，通过这个方波再利用三极管就可以去驱动这个蜂鸣器了。

而利用I/O 定时翻转电平来产生驱动波形的方式会比较麻烦一点，必须利用定时器来做定时，通过定时翻转电平产生符合蜂鸣器要求的频率的波形，这个波形就可以用来驱动蜂鸣器了。

比如为2500Hz 的蜂鸣器的驱动，可以知道周期为400μs，这样只需要驱动蜂鸣器的I/O 口每200μs 翻转一次电平就可以产生一个频率为2500Hz，占空比为1/2duty 的方波，再通过三极管放大就可以驱动这个蜂鸣器了。

Description描述The TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.TCRT5000(L)具有紧凑的结构发光灯和检测器安排在同一方向上，利用红外光谱反射对象存在另一个对象上，操作的波长大约是950毫米。

探测器由光电晶体三极管组成的。

Applications应用Position sensor for shaft encoder转轴编码器的位置检测器。

Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.反光材料检测，如纸张，IBM公司卡，磁带等。

Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCR录像机里有限位开关的机械运动General purpose – wherever the space is limited通用—无论在什么空间有限的地方。

Feature s特色Snap-in construction for PCB mounting管理单元由PCB安装Package height: 7 mm包装高度：7mmPlastic polycarbonate housing constructionwhich prevents crosstalk外壳由聚碳酸酯塑料制成防止干扰L = long leadsL=长引线Current Transfer Ratio（CTR）of typical 10%当前转换比例为典型的10%Vishay TelefunkenAbsolute Maximum Ratings绝对最大额定值Parameter Test Conditions Symbol Value Unit参数实验条件符号价格单位Reverse voltage反向电流Forward current正向电流Forward surge current正向浪涌电流Power dissipation功率消耗junction temperature结点温度Collector emitter voltage集电极发射极电压Emitter collector voltage集电极发射极电压collector current集电极电流Total power dissipation总消耗Operation temperature range工作温度范围storage temperature range保存温度范围Soldering temperature焊接温度forward voltage正向电压Junction capacitance结电容Collector dark current集电极暗电流Collector emitter saturation voltage 集电极发射极饱和电压Typical Characteristics典型的特征unless otherwise specified除非另有说明Total Power Dissipation总功率的消耗collector current集电极电流Ambient Temperature环境温度forward current正向电流Coupled device耦合器件phototransistor光电晶体管diode二极管forward current正向电流collector current集电极电流forward voltage正向电压collector emitter voltage发射极集电极电压Relative Collector Transfer Ratio相对集电极转换比例Current Transfer Ratio 电流转移率Ambient Temperature环境温度Forward Current正向电流Relative Collector Current相对的电流Working Distance工作距离EMITTER发射器COLLECT集电极CATHODE阴极ANODE阳极Top view俯视图Reference plain参考面Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement破坏臭氧层物质法It is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to这是威世半导体有限公司制定的政策-Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.汇聚了当今的、未来的和国家的乃至国际的法定相关要求。

Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor OutputDescriptionThe TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.ApplicationsD Position sensor for shaft encoderD Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.D Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCRD General purpose – wherever the space is limitedUnit V mA A mW °CUnit V V mA mW °CElectrical Characteristics Input (Emitter)ParameterForward voltageJunction capacitanceOutput (Detector)ParameterCollector emitter voltageEmitter collector voltageCollector dark currentSensorParameterCollector currentCollector emittersaturation voltage100.0 Figure 6. Collector Current vs. Forward Current=50mA0.20.40.60.81.01.2096 11766I – R e l a t i v e C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n tC r e l Figure 9. Relative Collector vs. DistanceTCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 6 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Dimensions of TCRT5000 in mm96 12073TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors7 (8)Document Number 83760Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Dimensions of TCRT5000L in mm95 11267TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 8 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Ozone Depleting Substances Policy StatementIt is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to1.Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.2.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.1.Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively2.Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA3.Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P .O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423This datasheet has been download from: Datasheets for electronics components.。

第1篇一、实验目的1. 了解循迹传感器的工作原理和特性。

2. 掌握循迹传感器的应用方法。

3. 熟悉循迹传感器在智能控制系统中的应用。

二、实验原理循迹传感器是一种利用光电效应来检测物体运动轨迹的传感器。

其工作原理是：传感器中的红外发射管发射红外线，当红外线照射到白色或黑色物体时，由于反射能力的差异，传感器接收到的红外线强度不同，从而产生不同的输出信号。

实验中使用的循迹传感器为TCRT5000，其内部结构包括红外发射管、红外接收管、比较器、输出引脚等。

当红外线照射到白色或黑色物体时，比较器输出高电平或低电平，实现轨迹检测。

三、实验器材1. 实验箱2. 循迹传感器（TCRT5000）3. 电阻4. 电容5. 连接线6. 电压表7. 信号发生器8. 微控制器（如Arduino、51单片机等）四、实验步骤1. 电路搭建：按照实验要求，将循迹传感器、电阻、电容、连接线等元器件连接成电路。

连接电路时，注意遵循正确的电路连接方法，确保电路连接正确。

2. 传感器测试：将传感器放置在白色和黑色物体上，观察传感器输出信号的变化。

正常情况下，当传感器照射到白色物体时，输出低电平；照射到黑色物体时，输出高电平。

3. 信号处理：将传感器输出信号接入微控制器，编写程序实现信号处理。

程序流程如下：（1）初始化：设置传感器引脚为输入模式，定义传感器输出引脚变量。

（2）读取传感器输出信号：通过微控制器读取传感器输出引脚的电平状态。

（3）判断轨迹：根据传感器输出信号，判断小车是否在轨迹上。

如果传感器输出高电平，则小车未在轨迹上；如果传感器输出低电平，则小车在轨迹上。

（4）控制小车：根据小车是否在轨迹上，控制小车前进或停止。

4. 实验验证：将小车放置在白色轨迹上，启动微控制器程序，观察小车是否能够顺利循迹。

五、实验结果与分析1. 实验结果：在实验过程中，小车能够顺利循迹，并在遇到障碍物时停止。

2. 结果分析：（1）循迹传感器能够准确检测轨迹上的黑白线，实现小车循迹。

问题示例：tcrt5000红外光电传感器的工作原理是什么，怎样用它来循迹和避障？满意回答如图,R1一般200欧，R2一般10K，out接单片机,1为蓝色那个管，2为黑色那个管,Vcc为5V,，当有亮色的东西，比如白纸放在它前面（一般1Cm处)，out脚为低电平，当为暗色或没有东西在它前面时,out脚为高电平,这样，单片机就可以识别了，循迹循迹，循的就是这个亮与暗，你可以把小车走的路线上贴上黑胶布,再配上适当的程序，小车就会按黑胶布路线走了，电机驱动推荐用L298N,当然，也可以自己搭H桥，，,有一年的全国大学生电子设计就有个跷跷板智能小车，可以看一下，追问那请问TCRT5000 连接如图所示应该没问题吧，我按照这一电路连接，（在没经过施密特整形之前）可是out 输出端恒为高电平，用白纸遮挡完全没有效果，用黑纸遮挡会出现大概0.3V左右的微小下降。

经过施密特整形之后，施密特触发器完全不工作，这又是由于什么呢。

麻烦请帮帮忙，我学计算机的，但对模拟信号不太懂。

我现在做的这个东西感觉最大的问题是在电压变幅太小了，也不知道是哪里的问题。

求指点。

交个朋友，悬赏也可以增加。

回答Vcc为5v，红外管脚有正负之分，仔细观察蓝色管，里面小面积的边为图示的1脚,红外接收管这边也要注意！如果你确实是像如图所示连接的，那out端恒为高就没法解释了……20K的减小到10k或者8k、9k，，发射管这边电阻弄到150～250欧，不然烧掉了的话就麻烦了,上次我们做循迹的时候，一烧就是两个（通常循迹都是用至少两个)，倒不是担心钱，只是检查的时候非常难检查!TCRT5000详细中文资料TCRT5000(L)具有紧凑的结构发光灯和检测器安排在同一方向上,利用红外光谱反射对象存在另一个对象上，操作的波长大约是950毫米。

探测器由光电晶体三极管组成的.应用：转轴编码器的位置检测器.反光材料检测,如纸张，IBM公司卡，磁带等。

录像机里有限位开关的机械运动通用—无论在什么空间有限的地方。

器件——TCRT5000参数与实际设计应⽤
TCRT5000是⼀种反射式光学传感器，它包括⼀个红外发射器和⼀个3.5mm引线封装的光电晶体管，可阻挡可见光。

还具有1mA 典型被测输出电流，2.5mm峰值⼯作距离，可应⽤传感与仪表，⼯业等⾏业。

我们知道，这是其实物图，但是我们要知道其原理，请看下⾯这张图
原理
我们知道，反射传感器包括了⼀个红外发射器和光电探测器，彼此相邻。

当⼀个物体位于传感路径中的发射器和探测器之间时，其会中断或打断发射器的光束，然后物体会反射发射器所发出的光束，使得探测器能够接收到，这样，探测器能够得到物体距离探测器的距离。

产品参数
距离参数
CTR：电流传输⽐，Iout/Iin
基本特性
电路图纸
⼯作原理描述：
在⼯作时，TCRT5000传感器的红外发射⼆极管不断发射红外线，当发射的红外线没有被反射回来或者反射回的强度不够⼤时，红外接收管⼀直处于关闭状态，此时5脚的电压低于6脚的电压，输出DO为⾼电平，LED1为熄灭状态；当红外反射强度⾜够且被物体阻挡被返回时，被接收器接收到时，5脚的电压⼤于6脚的电压，输出DO为低电平，LED1为点亮状态。

LED3灯常亮，是为了⽤于照明，减少外部光线的⼲扰，提⾼巡线准确度。

LED2作为电源指⽰灯，⽤来判断电源是否出现问题。

接线⽅式：
VCC:接电源
GND:接负极
DO:TTL开关信号输出，与其他器件I/O⼝连接
AO：模拟信号输出，通常情况下⽆需连接。

Description描述The TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.TCRT5000(L)具有紧凑的结构发光灯和检测器安排在同一方向上，利用红外光谱反射对象存在另一个对象上，操作的波长大约是950毫米。

探测器由光电晶体三极管组成的。

Applications应用Position sensor for shaft encoder转轴编码器的位置检测器。

Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.反光材料检测，如纸张，IBM公司卡，磁带等。

Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCR录像机里有限位开关的机械运动General purpose – wherever the space is limited通用—无论在什么空间有限的地方。

Feature s特色Snap-in construction for PCB mounting管理单元由PCB安装Package height: 7 mm包装高度：7mmPlastic polycarbonate housing constructionwhich prevents crosstalk外壳由聚碳酸酯塑料制成防止干扰L = long leadsL=长引线Current Transfer Ratio（CTR）of typical 10%当前转换比例为典型的10%Vishay TelefunkenAbsolute Maximum Ratings绝对最大额定值Parameter Test Conditions Symbol Value Unit参数实验条件符号价格单位Reverse voltage反向电流Forward current正向电流Forward surge current正向浪涌电流Power dissipation功率消耗junction temperature结点温度Collector emitter voltage集电极发射极电压Emitter collector voltage集电极发射极电压collector current集电极电流Total power dissipation总消耗Operation temperature range工作温度范围storage temperature range保存温度范围Soldering temperature焊接温度forward voltage正向电压Junction capacitance结电容Collector dark current集电极暗电流Collector emitter saturation voltage 集电极发射极饱和电压Typical Characteristics典型的特征unless otherwise specified除非另有说明Total Power Dissipation总功率的消耗collector current集电极电流Ambient Temperature环境温度forward current正向电流Coupled device耦合器件phototransistor光电晶体管diode二极管forward current正向电流collector current集电极电流forward voltage正向电压collector emitter voltage发射极集电极电压Relative Collector Transfer Ratio相对集电极转换比例Current Transfer Ratio 电流转移率Ambient Temperature环境温度Forward Current正向电流Relative Collector Current相对的电流Working Distance工作距离EMITTER发射器COLLECT集电极CATHODE阴极ANODE阳极Top view俯视图Reference plain参考面Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement破坏臭氧层物质法It is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to这是威世半导体有限公司制定的政策-Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.汇聚了当今的、未来的和国家的乃至国际的法定相关要求。

TCRT5000的应用电路见如4所示。

当检测到绿色地面时，由于反射率不高，Ic1太小，三极管T2截止而输出高电平。

当检测到白色地面时，由于反射率较高，Ic1较大，三极管T2饱和而输出低电平，从而实现了白线的检测。

555构成了施密特触发器，用于去除反射性光耦产生的噪声和波形的整形。

根据设计任务，悬挂物体要沿着黑线运行，采用反射式光电传感器进行探测。

光电传感器的硬件设计如图4.3.4所示。

电压比较器L M393的同相输入Ⅴin拉低，输出为低电平。

当检测到黑线时，接收管截止，同相输入Ⅴin为高，比较器输出为高电平。

本系统中四个传感器的OUT分别连接P1.0～P1.3。

在图4中，可调电阻R3可以调节比较器的门限电压，经示波器观察，输出波形相当规则，可以直接够单片机查询使用。

而且经试验验证给此电路供电的电池的压降较小。

因此我们选择此电路作为我们的传感器检测与调理电路。

与输出端port连的电阻11K跪求寻迹小车c程序，用89c51单片机控制的用tcrt5000红外反射式光电传感器寻迹越详细越好！谢谢！浏览次数：931次悬赏分：50 |解决时间：2010-8-18 23:15 |提问者：雅欢欣雪问题补充：目前我是程序菜鸟希望给出程序和注解我用的是8个tcrt5000寻迹的最佳答案我用十三个对管，舵机控制转向，八个对管的话状态改下就行，给你参考下，不明白可以追问我，qq 181325995#include<reg52.h>#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned charuint i,count;uchar pro; //*驱动电机调速*//uchar finish=0;//停车标志sbit le1=P1^0; //*左边传感器*//sbit le2=P1^1;sbit le3=P1^2;sbit le4=P1^3;sbit le5=P1^4;sbit le6=P1^5;sbit mid=P1^6;//*中间传感器*//sbit ri6=P1^7;sbit ri5=P2^3;sbit ri4=P2^4;sbit ri3=P2^5;sbit ri2=P2^6;sbit ri1=P2^7;//*右边传感器*//sbit ENA=P2^0; //驱动电机pwm//sbit moto1=P2^1; //电机控制//sbit moto2=P2^2;sbit PWM=P3^5; //舵机pwm//sbit bz=P3^7;//蔽障管init(){TMOD=0x11;//设定双定时器EA=1;TR0=1;TR1=1;TH0 = 0x0B1;//设定定时初始值，可去下载个定时器计算软件，TL0 = 0x0E0;TH1=(65536-100)/256;TL1=(65536-100)%256;ET0=1;ET1=1;ENA=1;}void delay(uint n)//延时函数{uchar a,b,c;for(c=1;c>0;c--)for(b=n;b>0;b--)for(a=2;a>0;a--);}void delay2(uint z){uchar a,b,c;for(a=2;a>0;a--)for(b=100;b>0;b--)for(c=z;c>0;c--);}void qctyp(void) //光电管全无状态时（脱离轨道），读取前次状态{le1=P1^0;le2=P1^1;le3=P1^2;le4=P1^3;le5=P1^4;le6=P1^5;mid=P1^6;ri6=P1^7;ri5=P2^3;ri4=P2^4;ri3=P2^5;ri2=P2^6;ri1=P2^7;}void hhig(uint y)//前进函数{pro=y;//变量y是改变小车速度这里范围是0--39moto1=1;moto2=0;}void back(uint z)//后退函数{pro=z;//改变z 可改变行驶速度moto1=0;}void dj(uint m) //舵机控制{PWM=1;delay(m); //改变m可改变舵机转向角度，PWM=0;}void check_stop()//检测终点线，我用十三个对管，八个管停车状态自己分析{uchar start_flag;if((le3&&le4)&&(!le1&&!le6)&&mid&&(ri3&&ri4)&&(!ri1&&!ri6))start_flag=1;else if((le2&&le3)&&!le5&&(le6&&mid)&&(ri3&&ri4)&&(ri1&&ri6))start_flag=1;else if((le2&&le3)&&le6&&(!le5&&!mid)&&(ri3&&ri4)&&(ri1&&ri6))start_flag=1;else if((le2&&le3)&&!le4&&(le5&&le6)&&!mid&&(ri5&&ri4)&&ri1)start_flag=1;else if((le2&&le3)&&(!le4&&!le6)&&le5&&!mid&&!ri4&&(ri1&&ri2))start_flag=1;else if(le2&&!le3&&(le4&&mid)&&(le5&&le6)&&(ri1&&ri2))start_flag=1;else if((le3&&le4)&&le6&&(ri6&&mid)&&(ri2&&ri3)&&!ri5)start_flag=1;else if((le5&&le4)&&(!le1&&!mid)&&ri6&&(ri2&&ri3)&&!ri5)start_flag=1;else if((le5&&le6)&&(!le1&&!le2)&&ri5&&ri2&&!ri4)start_flag=1;else if((le5&&le4)&&(!le1&&!le2)&&(!mid||!ri6)&&ri5&&(ri1&&ri2)&&!ri4) start_flag=1;else start_flag=0;if(start_flag){count++;delay2(50);if (count==1){P0=0xc0;}else if(count==2){P0=0xf9;}else if(count==3){finish=1;P0=0xa4;//加led显示只是为了方便调试，两圈之后停车}elsefinish=0;}if(finish){ENA=0;TR1=0;//关定时器1，驱动电机停转}}void xunji()//循迹函数，读取光电管状态{if(!le1&&!le2&&!le3&&!le4&&!le5&&!le6&&mid&&!ri6&&!ri5&&!ri4&&!ri3&&!ri2&&!ri1) {dj(109);hhig(39);}else if(le6&&mid&&!ri6&&!ri5&&!ri4&&!ri3&&!ri2&&!ri1){dj(114);hhig(35);}。

Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor OutputDescriptionThe TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.ApplicationsD Position sensor for shaft encoderD Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.D Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCRD General purpose – wherever the space is limitedUnit V mA A mW °CUnit V V mA mW °CElectrical Characteristics Input (Emitter)ParameterForward voltageJunction capacitanceOutput (Detector)ParameterCollector emitter voltageEmitter collector voltageCollector dark currentSensorParameterCollector currentCollector emittersaturation voltage100.0 Figure 6. Collector Current vs. Forward Current=50mA0.20.40.60.81.01.2096 11766I – R e l a t i v e C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n tC r e l Figure 9. Relative Collector vs. DistanceTCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 6 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Dimensions of TCRT5000 in mm96 12073TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors7 (8)Document Number 83760Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Dimensions of TCRT5000L in mm95 11267TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 8 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Ozone Depleting Substances Policy StatementIt is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to1.Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.2.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.1.Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively2.Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA3.Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P .O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423This datasheet has been download from: Datasheets for electronics components.。

红外反射式传感器检测电路阐述在一般工作环境中，反射式传感器检测结果受环境照度强弱变化的影响，反射光的强弱与发射管工作电流、反射距离、反射面材料及传播介质特性等因素相关，红外反射式光电传感器用于导航识别时，导航轨迹宜使用黑色与其他颜色组成。

不同种类的红外反射型光电传感器件，有效检测距离各不相同；同一类型的反射式红外光电传感器件采用不同的封装型式，其有效检测范围亦有差异。

本文以TCRT5000反射式红外光电传感器为例，利用检测补偿电路，提高反射式红外光电传感器的检测抗干扰性能，以优化传感器的检测效果。

1 实验方法说明图1为测试电路原理图，mA表测量发射管电流（以下简称IR），V1表是有环境光照补偿（以下简称有补偿）的检测电压，V2表是无环境光照补偿（以下简称无补偿）的检测电压，①是红外传感器检测管，②是环境光照补偿检测管，③是无环境光照的检测管，且有遮光处理。

R3是转换电阻。

实验检测时，补偿管与检测管平行安装于同一等高平面，相距2cm左右。

检测传感器型号为TCRT5000。

检测中使用的直流稳压电源为YB1370A，电压和电流的测量仪表是VC890D，干扰光源采用涂覆有银色球形反射面的1000W舞台白炽灯泡（以下简称白炽灯），使用TDJC2J-1自耦调压器改变加在白炽灯上的电压，以控制改变干扰光强度。

光照强度检测仪型号是VICTOR1010A，光强检测探头放置在反射面附近。

检测环境光照变化对传感器的影响时，传感器离反射面距离100mm，检测装置结构同参考文献[2]，连接线路采用双绞线。

实验检测过程，使用的白色和黑色反射卡纸，其尺寸、大小、放置的位置，应保持不变；周围环境也应保持不变，包括实验者进行实验操作时的位置，均要保持相对不变，以减小环境因素变化对实验检测的干扰。

2 实验数据分析2.1 转换电阻的影响白色表面对红外光线反射强烈，补偿电路先达到饱和阀值。

图2特性曲线1中，R3为20K，IR为10mA，白色表面照射光强为290lX时，补偿电路达到饱和值。

TCRT5000(L Vishay Telefunken Dimensions of TCRT5000 in mm 96 12073 6 (8 Document Number 83760 Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00TCRT5000(L Vishay Telefunken Dimensions of TCRT5000L in mm 95 11267 Document Number 83760 Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00 7 (8TCRT5000(L Vishay Telefunken Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement It is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances ( ODSs . The Montreal Protocol ( 1987 and its London Amendments ( 1990 intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2 . Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C ( transitional substances respectively. Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Telefunken products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Telefunken against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 ( 0 7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 ( 0 7131 67 2423 8 (8 Document Number 83760 Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00。

Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor OutputDescriptionThe TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.ApplicationsD Position sensor for shaft encoderD Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.D Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCRD General purpose – wherever the space is limitedUnit V mA A mW °CUnit V V mA mW °CElectrical Characteristics Input (Emitter)ParameterForward voltageJunction capacitanceOutput (Detector)ParameterCollector emitter voltageEmitter collector voltageCollector dark currentSensorParameterCollector currentCollector emittersaturation voltage100.0 Figure 6. Collector Current vs. Forward Current=50mA0.20.40.60.81.01.2096 11766I – R e l a t i v e C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n tC r e l Figure 9. Relative Collector vs. DistanceTCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 6 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Dimensions of TCRT5000 in mm96 12073TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors7 (8)Document Number 83760Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Dimensions of TCRT5000L in mm95 11267TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 8 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Ozone Depleting Substances Policy StatementIt is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to1.Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.2.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.1.Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively2.Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA3.Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P .O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423This datasheet has been download from: Datasheets for electronics components.。

TCRT5000特性测试实验报告学院：专业：班级：学号：姓名：一、实验目的：1、掌握红外传感器的基本应用电路。

2、掌握收、发红外光的元件的基本特性。

3、掌握红外传感器在黑线检测应用上的性能特点。

二、实验设备和工具：实验主要工具：电烙铁、吸锡器、万用电表、双路输出直流稳压电源实验基本元件：带有收发功能的一体化的红外传感器TCRT5000三、实验任务：1、根据实验原理所述知识及后面任务的需要，设计并制作一个测试红外线传感器性能的电路。

2、若d为传感器前端到反射平面（白纸）之间的距离大小，分别测量出当10=和d mm20=时的以下特性曲线。

d mm(a) (b) 测量(a)图特性时，必须确保流过发射管的电流不超过其极限值。

测量(b)图特性时，只测量当10F I mA =和20F I mA =的两条特性曲线。

CE V 最高取20V 。

自行设计数据记录表格，将各测试点数据如实记录。

3、在白纸中间贴一条2cm 宽的黑胶带，如图所示：将传感器按如图所示方向摆放，从原点O 开始，向右每隔2mm 测量一次接收管回路电流大小，最后绘制出接收管回路电流与距离x 的关系曲线。

分10d mm =和20d mm =两种情况测量两遍。

测量的最大x 值为12cm 。

测量中，设置10F I mA =，3CE V V =。

四、实验方案和步骤：1.电路设计及所制电路板。

本实验采用带有收发功能一体化的红外传感器TCRT5000。

其发射管是一个红外发光二极管。

在T=25摄氏度时，通过查找资料知，该二极管的伏安特性如下所示：由图可知，导通电压Uon ≈1V ，由于发射器电流正向电流I F max=60毫安，故在发射管串联2cm/x cmO传感器6cm8cm5V电压源的情况下，串联的固定电阻R>=（5—Uon)V/(60*10^-3）A=67Ω。

由于现在室温≥25摄氏度且为了保险不烧坏发光二极管，应串联固定电阻100Ω和一个电位器1。

描述The TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.TCRT5000(L)具有紧凑的结构发光灯和检测器安排在同一方向上，利用红外光谱反射对象存在另一个对象上，操作的波长大约是950毫米。

探测器由光电晶体三极管组成的。

Applications应用Position sensor for shaft encoder转轴编码器的位置检测器。

Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.反光材料检测，如纸张，IBM公司卡，磁带等。

Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCR录像机里有限位开关的机械运动General purpose – wherever the space is limited通用—无论在什么空间有限的地方。

Feature s特色Snap-in construction for PCB mounting管理单元由PCB安装Package height: 7 mm包装高度：7mmPlastic polycarbonate housing constructionwhich prevents crosstalk外壳由聚碳酸酯塑料制成防止干扰L = long leadsL=长引线Current Transfer Ratio（CTR）of typical 10%当前转换比例为典型的10%Vishay T elefunkenAbsolute Maximum Ratings绝对最大额定值Parameter Test Conditions Symbol Value Unit参数实验条件符号价格单位Reverse voltageForward current正向电流Forward surge current正向浪涌电流Power dissipation功率消耗junction temperature结点温度Collector emitter voltage集电极发射极电压Emitter collector vol t age集电极发射极电压collector current集电极电流Total power dissipation总消耗Operation temperature range 工作温度范围storage temperature range 保存温度范围Soldering temperature焊接温度forward voltage正向电压Junction capacitance结电容Collector dark current集电极暗电流Collector emitter saturation voltage 集电极发射极饱和电压Typical Characteristics典型的特征unless otherwise specified除非另有说明Total Power Dissipation总功率的消耗collector current集电极电流Ambient Temperature环境温度forward current正向电流Coupled device耦合器件phototransistor光电晶体管diode二极管forward current正向电流collector current集电极电流forward voltage正向电压collector emitter voltage发射极集电极电压Relative Collector Transfer Ratio相对集电极转换比例Current Transfer Ratio电流转移率Ambient Temperature环境温度Forward Current正向电流Relative Collector Current相对的电流Working Distance工作距离EMITTER发射器COLLECT集电极CA THODE阴极ANODE阳极Top view俯视图Reference plain参考面Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement破坏臭氧层物质法It is the policy of V ishay Semiconductor GmbH to这是威世半导体有限公司制定的政策-Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. V arious national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.汇聚了当今的、未来的和国家的乃至国际的法定相关要求。

蓝色是发射黑色是接受发射端短的接地，接收端长的接地
红外线对管的判断方法人们习惯把红外线发射管和红外线接收管称为红外对管。

红外对管的外形与普通圆形的发光二极管类似。

初接触红外对管者，较难区分发射管和接收管。

本文介绍三种简便的识别方法。

1 菽诓拷峁故侗鸷焱舛怨艿哪诓拷峁谷缤?‘所示。

图1(a)是红外发射管，管芯中央凹陷，类似聚光罩的形状、，图1(b)是红外接收管，管芯中央的平台上有红外感光电极。

红外对管的两引脚1长1短，长引脚是正极，和普通发光管相同。

2.用三用表测量识别可用500型或其他型号指针式三用表的Rxlk电阻挡，测量红外对管的极间电阻，以判别红外对管。

判据
一：在红外对管的端部不受光线照射的条件下调换表笔测量，发射管的正向电阻小，反向电阻大，且黑表笔接正极(长引脚)时，电阻小的(1k—20k)是发射管。

正反向电阻都很大的是接收管。

判据
二：黑表笔接负极(短引脚)时电阻大的是发射管，电阻小并且三用表指针随着光线强弱变化时，指针摆动的是接收管。

注：
1)黑表笔接正极，红表笔接负极时测量正向电阻。

2)电阻大是指三用表指针基本不动。

3．通电试验方法判别用一只发光二极管和—只电阻与被测的对管串联，如图2所示。

图中电阻起限流作用，阻值取220欧－－510欧。

LED发光二极管用来显示被测红外管的工作状态。

用遥控器(电视机遥控器等)对着被测管按下遥控器的任意键，LED亮时，被测管是红外接收管。

不亮则是红外发射管。

TX05D红外线反射开关数量(只) 价格(元/只)≥150.00元/只•供应商支持：混批•发货地：天津河北区•供货总量：1000只•想了解产品详情，请•给我留言•或•查看联系方式•详细信息•批发说明•运费说明TX05D红外线反射开关功能简介：主动式检测，前方有反射体时即输出控制信号，检测距离5-1000mm。

详细资料：我厂生产的TX05D型反射开关，实际上是一种一体化的红外线发射，接收器件，它内部包含红外线发射，接收及信号放大与处理电路，能够以非接触形式检测出前方一定范围内的人体或物体，并转换成高电平信号输出。

由于TX05D内部采用了低功耗器件和抗干扰电路，所以工作稳定可靠，性能优良，可广泛应用于各种自动检测，自动报警和自动控制等装置中。

如：光电计数器，接近式照明开关，自动干手器，自控水龙头，感应门铃，倒车告警电路。

TX05D的外形和引线见图1，本器件属模块化产品，全部电路焊装在一只46x32x17mm（不包括安装支架）的塑料盒内。

盒的侧面设有状态指示和灵敏度调节孔，一只红色发光管用来指示开关的工作状态，平时熄灭，有反射物时发光。

灵敏度调节孔用来调节反射检测距离，顺时针调距离增大，逆时针调距离减小。

TX05D通过一条1.5米的双芯屏蔽线做为输出引线，其中红色线为电源正极，白色线为输出端，铜网接电源负极。

白色线静态时为低电平，有反射物时输出高电平。

实际应用时，如需加长引出线，可选用相同材质的双芯屏蔽线即可。

TX05D的电参数：工作电压5～12V，极限电压15V，工作电流5～20mA，最大30mA，对应检测距离为0～120㎝，当工作电压12V时，输出最大灌电流大于50mA，最大输出电流大于3mA。

TX05D的输出端内部电路见图2，由于考虑器件的通用性和输出保护措施，加入了限流保护电路，当外接负载超过额定值时启动保护，自动减小电流输出，以保护组件和外部负载的安全。

如用户有特殊需要或批量定货时可申请减去保护电路，以便能直接驱动功率较大的负载，如电机，继电器等。

tcrt5000红外光电传感器的工作原理是什么，怎样用它来循迹和避障？
我要用它做智能小车循迹和避障，最好能帮我附一下它配套的连接电路和程序提示
最佳答案
如图，R1一般200欧，R2一般10K，out接单片机，1为蓝色那个管，2为黑色那个管，Vcc 为5V，，当有亮色的东西，比如白纸放在它前面（一般1Cm处），out脚为低电平，当为暗色或没有东西在它前面时，out脚为高电平，这样，单片机就可以识别了，循迹循迹，循的就是这个亮与暗，你可以把小车走的路线上贴上黑胶布，再配上适当的程序，小车就会按黑胶布路线走了，电机驱动推荐用L298N，当然，也可以自己搭H桥，，，有一年的全国大学生电子设计就有个跷跷板智能小车，可以看一下，
追问
那请问TCRT5000 连接如图所示应该没问题吧，我按照这一电路连接，（在没经过施密特整形之前）可是out输出端恒为高电平，用白纸遮挡完全没有效果，用黑纸遮挡会出现大概0.3V左右的微小下降。

经过施密特整形之后，施密特触发器完全不工作，这又是由于什么呢。

麻烦请帮帮忙，我学计算机的，但对模拟信号不太懂。

我现在做的这个东西感觉最大的问题是在电压变幅太小了，也不知道是哪里的问题。

求指点。

交个朋友，悬赏也可以增加。

回答
Vcc为5v，红外管脚有正负之分，仔细观察蓝色管，里面小面积的边为图示的1脚，红外接收管这边也要注意！如果你确实是像如图所示连接的，那out端恒为高就没法解释了……20K 的减小到10k或者8k、9k，，发射管这边电阻弄到150~250欧，不然烧掉了的话就麻烦了，上次我们做循迹的时候，一烧就是两个（通常循迹都是用至少两个），倒不是担心钱，只是检查的时候非常难检查！。